实时剪切波弹性成像评估乳腺良性结节微波消融效果的价值探讨

目的探讨实时剪切波弹性成像(SWE)技术在评估乳腺良性结节微波消融效果的应用价值。方法选取23例乳腺良性结节患者(共25个结节),分别于行微波消融治疗前后行常规超声、超声造影及SWE检查,比较超声造影与SWE显示的有效消融区横切面及纵切面最大径,以及消融前后消融区的杨氏模量值,包括最大弹性值(E_(max))、平均弹性值(E_(mean))、弹性标准差(E_(sd))及病灶与正常脂肪组织弹性比(E_(ratio))。结果微波消融术后,超声造影显示有效消融区无造影剂灌注;SWE显示消融区以红黄相间的不均匀彩色改变为主,与周围组织分界清晰,两种方法获得的消融区横切面及纵切面最大径比较差异均无统计学意义。消融区杨氏模量值(E_(max)、E_(mean)、E_(sd)及E_(ratio))均较术前显著增加,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论 SWE可较准确地反映乳腺结节微波消融术后的消融范围,并能够定量分析消融区硬度变化,有望成为无创、有效评价消融效果的方法。     

Multinodular fatty change in the liver in three patients with chronic hepatic porphyria: Contribution of sonography to the diagnosis

We present three cases of chronic hepatic porphyria (CHP) in alcoholic patients, in which grayscale ultrasound (US) revealed multiple echogenic masses in the liver, mimicking multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma on alcoholic liver injury. In all cases, contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) showed iso-enhancement of the mass lesions throughout all vascular phases. Additionally, two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2DSWE) (performed in two cases) revealed the mass to have almost the same SWE value as the surrounding parenchyma. When encountering alcoholic patients with multiple echogenic masses in the liver, CHP must be included in the differential diagnosis. CEUS and 2DSWE allow us to increase our diagnostic confidence of CHP.     

Multiparametric Sonography of Hematologic Malignancies of the Testis: Grayscale,Color Doppler,and Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound and Strain Elastographic Appearances With Histologic Correlation

Primary testicular lymphoma is rare and appears with nonspecific findings on grayscale and color Doppler sonography. We present 8 patients further examined with contrast‐enhanced sonography, strain elastography, and histologic analysis after orchiectomy. Seven of 8 patients had a diagnosis of large B‐cell lymphoma, and 1 of 8 had a diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma, with solitary lesions (2 of 8), multiple lesions (3 of 8), or entire testicular involvement (3 of 8). Lesions appeared hypoechoic (7 of 8) or isoechoic (1 of 8), all with increased vascularity on color Doppler sonography and a nonbranching linear pattern of intratumoral vessels (7 of 8). Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) confirmed this pattern and showed increased enhancement in all lesions. On strain elastography, all lesions were hard, with an elasticity score of greater than 4. Multiparametric sonography of testicular lymphoma identifies increased vascularity on color Doppler and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound and increased lesion stiffness on strain elastography.     

Performance of Shear Wave Elastography in Delineating the Radiofrequency Ablation Boundary: An in Vivo experiment

This study was aimed at exploring the cutoff value of Young's modulus of ablated tissue and the optimal scale at which shear wave elastography (SWE) can delineate the ablation boundary. The livers of 30 rabbits were radiofrequency (RF) ablated, and ultrasonic imaging, including SWE and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), was performed. The ablation boundary in the SWE image was located using CEUS, and the SWE parameters of the boundary were measured to calculate the cutoff value of Young's modulus. The cutoff value of the ablated tissue was 48–50 kPa 2 h to 28 d post-ablation. The regions of increased stiffness in SWE images at a scale of 0–50 kPa overlapped well with the non-enhanced regions of CEUS images in 88% of specimens. Therefore, elasticity values differed significantly between ablated and non-ablated tissues, and the cutoff value for Young's modulus differentiated these tissues. SWE delineated the ablation boundary well at the optimal SWE scale with respect to the cutoff value.     

Clinical Study of the Prediction of Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules: Modified Score versus 2017 American College of Radiology's Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System Ultrasound Lexicon

The clinical importance of thyroid nodules rests with the need to exclude thyroid cancer. In the present study, we developed a modified Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) score using gray-scale ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and shear-wave elastography (SWE) images to predict malignancy of thyroid nodules and compared this modified score system with the subjective scoring criteria based on the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS, 2017 edition). The results revealed that by using SWE and CEUS (enhanced pattern) to downgrade TI-RADS category 4 and 5 nodules, the malignancy rate for TI-RADS category 4 and 5 nodules increased from 47.6% with American College of Radiology (ACR) TI-RADS assessment alone to 49.4% with ACR TI-RADS combined with shear wave elastography (SWE) and CEUS (enhanced pattern). Likewise, by using the modified TI-RADS to adjust TI-RADS category 3 nodules, the malignancy rate for TI-RADS category 3 nodules increased from 13.9%–20.0%. The discriminating power for detection of malignancy of the variable score 2 (ACR TI-RADS + SWE + CEUS), with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.899 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 86.1%–93.6%), was higher than that of score 1 (ACR TI-RADS), with an AUC of 0.862 (95% CI: 81.9%–90.6%; p > 0.05). With a point 4.5 as the optimal cutoff value, a score of 1 predicted malignancy with an accuracy of 75.6%, sensitivity of 85.0% and specificity of 71.6%. However, with a point 5.5 as the optimal cutoff value, a score of 2 predicted malignancy with an accuracy of 84.9%, sensitivity of 81.0% and specificity of 86.6%. The modified TI-RADS based on ACR TI-RADS + SWE + CEUS (enhanced pattern) could contribute to a reduction in the number of biopsies performed on benign nodules and the implementation of consistent follow-up in clinical practice.     

剪切波弹性成像联合CEUS校正乳腺影像报告和数据系统3~5类乳腺病变

目的 探讨剪切波弹性成像（SWE）联合CEUS在校正乳腺影像报告和数据系统（BI-RADS）3~5类乳腺肿瘤中的应用价值。方法 收集50例乳腺病变患者（57个病灶）,其中良性病灶28个,恶性29个。对所有病灶术前行常规超声、SWE和CEUS检查,以常规超声进行BI-RADS分类,并采用SWE、CEUS及SWE联合CEUS对BI-RADS分类进行校正。以病理结果为金标准,计算常规超声、SWE、CEUS及SWE联合CEUS诊断乳腺良恶性病灶的敏感度、特异度和诊断正确率。结果 SWE参数最大杨氏模量值（E_max）诊断乳腺良恶性病灶的临界值为87.2 kPa,CEUS的临界值为8.5分,SWE联合CEUS的多因素Logistic回归模型为Y（P）=-18.785+0.161X₁+11.822X₂,X₁为E_max,X₂为增强后病灶大小改变。SWE联合CEUS将11个病灶正确降为3级,4个病灶误诊;SWE联合CEUS诊断乳腺良恶性病灶的敏感度、特异度和诊断正确率分别为100%（29/29）、85.71%（24/28）和92.98%（53/57）。结论 SWE联合CEUS对BI-RADS 3~5类乳腺病灶具有良好的校正作用,可提高超声诊断正确率。     

剪切波弹性成像对静脉畸形硬化治疗后疗效评估的应用研究

目的 应用超声剪切波弹性成像技术(SWE)获取静脉畸形硬化治疗前后的杨氏模量值变化,探讨其在评估静脉畸形硬化治疗后的临床疗效。方法 选取经临床确诊且行MRI、常规超声检查的门诊或住院静脉畸形患者30例为研究对象,所有研究对象在硬化治疗前、治疗后1周、治疗后1月均行常规超声及SWE检查记录相关参数值,讨论SWE在静脉畸形硬化治疗后疗效评估中的临床应用价值。结果 ①与常规超声相比较,SWE对静脉畸形血管硬化治疗后评价灵敏度更高。②SWE反应出静脉畸形硬化治疗后1月病灶的硬度变大,与周围组织的硬度比值变大,治疗前后对比有差异,有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 SWE能有效评估静脉畸形硬化治疗后的临床疗效,具有一定的临床应用价值,且操作简便,易于实施,建议采用。     

多模态超声检查结合临床预测颈动脉粥样硬化患者缺血性脑卒中或短暂性脑缺血复发北大核心CSCD

目的观察常规超声、超声造影(CEUS)和剪切波弹性成像(SWE)结合临床预测颈动脉粥样硬化患者缺血性脑卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)复发的价值。方法纳入87例因TIA就诊的颈动脉粥样硬化伴单发斑块患者,根据随访期间是否发生缺血性脑卒中或复发TIA分为复发组(n=35)和未复发组(n=52),比较组间常规超声、CEUS和SWE所示斑块特征及一般临床资料,将差异有统计学意义的因素纳入logistic回归分析,建立多因素联合预测模型,评价其预测缺血性脑卒中或TIA复发的效能。结果复发组与未复发组患者高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、吸烟史、脑卒中家族史占比及药物依从性差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。复发组斑块内出血、斑块溃疡及薄纤维帽占比均高于未复发组(P均<0.05),且其常规超声所示易损斑块、SWE示软斑块或混合斑块及CEUS 2~3级斑块数目均大于未复发组(P均<0.05)。高血压、吸烟史、脑卒中家族史、药物依从性、部分常规超声指征(溃疡、斑块内出血、薄纤维帽)、SWE指征(软斑块或混合斑块)及CEUS指征(2~3级斑块)均为颈动脉粥样硬化患者发生缺血性脑卒中或TIA复发的独立危险因素(P均<0.05),据以预测缺血性脑卒中或TIA复发的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.93(95%CI 0.85~1.00)(P<0.05)。结论联合应用常规超声、CEUS及SWE指征并结合临床预测颈动脉粥样硬化患者发生缺血性脑卒中或复发TIA具有一定准确性,可为临床处置提供参考。     

经直肠多模态超声影像评分系统诊断前列腺癌的临床研究

目的建立前列腺癌多模态超声影像评分系统,并评价该评分系统对前列腺癌的诊断价值。 方法选取2016年5月至2017年12月在解放军总医院行超声引导下穿刺活检和（或）手术切除的86例可疑前列腺癌患者,术前对前列腺行经直肠常规超声、剪切波弹性成像、超声造影检查,分析三种模态超声影像特征,并与手术或穿刺病理进行对照。总结前列腺癌经直肠多模态超声影像特征,建立评分系统,并评价该系统对前列腺癌的诊断价值。 结果前列腺癌常规超声表现为低回声、边界不清、形态不规则、内外腺分界不清、包膜侵犯、血流信号丰富且为中心血流;剪切波弹性成像表现为非对称分布,前列腺癌病灶平均弹性模量高于良性病灶［（94.7±44.2）kPa vs（60.8±26.0）kPa］,差异有统计学意义（t=-3.578,P=0.001）;超声造影表现为快速高增强,分布不均匀（低增强区伴点状血管结构,点状、片状或结节状高增强）,内外腺分界不清,包膜或直肠壁侵犯。常规超声、超声造影、弹性成像有1项阳性即诊断为前列腺癌,其敏感度、阴性预测值和准确性分别为98.0%、96.7%和89.5%;三者均为阳性诊断为前列腺癌,其特异度和阳性预测值分别为97.3%和97.1%。 结论经直肠多模态超声影像评分系统可提高超声对前列腺癌的诊断价值。     

Characterization of Testicular Masses in Adults: Performance of Combined Quantitative Shear Wave Elastography and Conventional Ultrasound

We prospectively evaluated the performance of combined shear wave elastography (SWE) and conventional ultrasound (US) for the characterization of 89 testicular focal masses. Testes were evaluated with B-mode, color Doppler and SWE measurements, locating a region of interest on the normal and pathologic parenchyma. Thirty-seven malignant tumors (MTs), 12 burned out tumors (BOTs), 28 Leydig cell tumors (LCTs), 2 dermoid cysts and other benign lesions were included. MTs?+?BOTs exhibited more microliths and macrocalcifications compared with benign lesions (p < 10^–4). LCTs manifested mostly a dominant peripheral vascularization pattern compared with other lesions. MTs?+?BOTs were stiffer compared with benign lesions (p < 2?×?10^–4) but with a moderate area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 80%. By focusing on LCTs versus MTs?+?BOTs, diagnostic performance led to an AUROC of 89% for the best stiffness parameter. For combined conventional US and SWE, the diagnostic performance to differentiate all benign lesions versus MTs?+?BOTs and LCTs versus MTs?+?BOTs increased to AUROCs of 93% and 98%, respectively.     

经直肠超声造影和彩色多普勒超声鉴别诊断直肠癌与直肠间质瘤的研究

目的：探究经直肠超声造影（CEUS）和彩色多普勒超声（CDUS）对直肠癌与直肠间质瘤的鉴别诊断作用。方法：回顾性的分析2017年1月至2020年1月在本院进行治疗的82例直肠肿瘤患者的病历资料,根据术后组织病理学检查结果分为两组,直肠癌组53例,直肠间质瘤组29例。比较两组患者最大直径、血流峰值流速、阻力指数,声像图特征,峰值强度（IMAX）、上升时间（RT）、达峰时间（TTP）、平均渡越时间（mTT）,以及鉴别诊断直肠癌与直肠间质瘤的符合率。结果： 直肠癌组平均最大直径、血流峰值流速、阻力指数均明显高于直肠间质瘤组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在CDUS特征上,直肠癌较直肠间质瘤内部回声均匀、大多病灶包绕肠腔,比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。直肠癌组CEUS参数IMAX值高于直肠间质瘤组,CEUS参数RT值、TTP值、mTT值明显低于直肠间质瘤组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。经直肠CEUS诊断直肠癌的准确率为98.11%（52/53）,诊断直肠间质瘤的符合率为93.101%（27/29）,总符合率96.34%（79/82）,经直肠CDUS诊断直肠癌的符合率为86.79%（46/53）,诊断直肠间质瘤的准确率为89.66%（26/29）,总符合率87.80%（72/82）,经直肠CEUS诊断直肠癌的符合率、鉴别诊断直肠癌与直肠间质瘤的总符合率明显高于CDUS,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：经直肠CEUS和CDUS对直肠癌与直肠间质瘤的鉴别诊断作用较高,且经直肠CEUS较CDUS鉴别诊断价值更高,值得推广使用。     

多模态超声对侵袭性前列腺癌的诊断价值及ROC曲线分析研究

目的：探讨多模态超声(MUS)对侵袭性前列腺癌(PCa)的诊断价值及受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析。方法：选择2018年01月至2021年02月于本院行手术切除并经病理证实的86例PCa患者作为研究对象,根据病理Gleason评分可分为两组,高侵袭组(Gleason＞4+3,共46例),低-中侵袭组(Gleason≤4+3,共40例)。所有患者术前均行MUS检查,包括经直肠常规超声(TRUS)、剪切波弹性成像(SWE)、超声造影(CEUS)。比较两组之间各参数的差异,采用ROC曲线分析其对高侵袭组PCa的诊断效能。结果：高侵袭组与低-中侵袭组的TRUS表现显著不同(P<0.05),其中高侵袭组中TRUS主要表现为弥漫性。高侵袭组SWE中SR比值(23.86±13.67)显著高于低-中侵袭组(12.82±11.95),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高侵袭组的CEUS参数中初始强度、峰值强度显著高于低-中侵袭组(P<0.05),而两组达峰时间、峰值减半时间无显著差异(P>0.05)。MUS对高侵袭组PCa诊断的ROC曲线下面积最大,敏感度、特异度也最高(P<0.05)。结论：MUS对高侵袭性PCa具有更高的诊断价值,有助于指导临床对治疗方案的选择。     

Reliability Indicators for 2‐Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography

Ultrasound (US) shear wave technology providers have either point shear wave elastography (SWE) or 2‐dimensional SWE available on their US systems. With 2‐dimensional SWE, larger regions of interest can be interrogated, with both the main acoustic radiation pulses and the resultant shear waves potentially being affected by US artifacts. Some providers assist the operator with elastographic maps indicating the reliability or precision of the shear wave propagation. This Technical Innovation explores the importance of the consideration of the precision maps and standard deviation output available on some devices and the implications for conversion of shear wave speed to pressure.     

Effect of a Thin Fluid Layer on Surface Wave Speed Measurements: A Lung Phantom Study

Lung ultrasound (US) surface wave elastography (SWE) is a novel technique that measures superficial lung tissue elastic properties. A thin pleural fluid layer covers a lung, but its effect on lung measurements in SWE is unknown. We modeled a lung and pleural fluid with sponges and a thin layer of US transmission gel. Sponge surface wave speeds measured from SWE were compared for sponges without and with the thin US gel layer at 3 wave excitation frequencies. The comparison showed that the sponge surface wave speed measurements were not affected by the thin gel layer.     

Metachronous bilateral segmental testicular infarction: multi-parametric ultrasound imaging with grey-scale ultrasound,Doppler ultrasound,contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and real-time tissue elastography (RTE)

Segmental testicular infarction is a rare cause of acute scrotal pain. The appearances on grey-scale sonography are often indistinguishable from that of a testicular tumour, resulting in unnecessary orchiectomy. We report a case of acute bilateral testicular infarction, of unknown etiology, which was conservatively managed to resolution following a confident diagnosis achieved with the aid of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and real-time tissue elastography (RTE) along with conventional grey-scale and Doppler sonography. The evolving appearances on each of the sonographic modalities are described. We discuss the importance of complementing conventional sonography with CEUS and RTE in order to make a confident diagnosis and avoid unnecessary surgical intervention.     

超声造影与彩色多普勒超声对肝实质性肿块诊断价值

目的比较彩色多普勒超声和实时超声造影在肝实质性肿块中的诊断价值。方法应用彩色多普勒超声及超声造影技术对常规二维超声难以定性的29例患者共33个肝实质性肿块进行检查,结果与手术及病理结果相对照。结果33个肿块中原发性肝细胞性肝癌24个,肝血管瘤3个,肝脏局灶性结节增生3个,局限性脂肪肝2个,肝孤立性坏死结节1个。彩色多普勒超声在肿块内部或肿块周边能检测到动脉血流频谱者共19例21个肿块;超声造影除一例肝孤立性坏死结节外,其余32个病灶均在不同时相出现不同程度强化现象。如以动脉相呈高回声而门脉相及延迟相呈低回声为恶性肿块的诊断标准,则超声造影对肝癌诊断的准确性为92%;如以肿块内部检测到动脉样血流频谱为诊断恶性肿块的诊断标准,则彩色多普勒超声诊断肝癌的准确性为75%,二者差别有显著性(P<0.05)。结论实时超声造影显著提高肝实质性肿块诊断的准确性,对肝脏实质性肿块良、恶性的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

实时剪切波弹性成像技术评估踝关节外侧副韧带急性闭合型损伤的临床应用

目的采用通过实时剪切波弹性成像技术（SWE）技术,探讨对急性踝关节损伤患者外侧副韧带硬度评价,来实现踝关节外侧副韧带损伤的准确诊断的临床价值。 方法选取2018年12月到至2019年6月在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院急诊和骨科门诊就诊的50例踝关节外侧副韧带急性损伤患者,均接受进行高频超声及SWE超声弹性检测检查,获得患侧和健侧外侧副韧带的弹性杨氏模量平均值和剪切波速度（SWV）,比较不同类型并与正常侧的差异对比,以此判断闭合性外侧副韧带损伤的程度。 结果50例踝关节外侧副韧带损伤患者中,经手术及MRI证实共损伤80条韧带,距腓前韧带损伤42例,跟腓韧带22例,距腓后韧带16例。经急诊手术结果显示证实完全断裂韧带21例,距腓前韧带11例,跟腓韧带5例,距腓后韧带5例,高频超声快速诊断均正确检出,诊断符合率为100%。经MRI诊断,不完全断裂韧带19例,距腓前韧带8例,跟腓韧带6例,距腓后韧带5例,高频超声正确诊断14例,漏诊5例,超声诊断为挫伤,诊断符合率74%。经MRI诊断韧带挫伤40例,距腓前韧带20例,跟腓韧带12例,距腓后韧带8例,超声正确诊断挫伤35例,诊断符合率为87%。5例误诊为部分韧带断裂。韧带完全断裂组、韧带部分断裂组、韧带挫伤组和正常韧带组超声弹性杨氏模量值和SWV总体,差异均有统计学意义［（41.86±14.85）kpa vs（54.95±12.48）kpa vs（86.03±28.17）kpa vs（158.29±61.98）kpa,（3.68±1.68）m/s vs（4.25±0.52）m/s vs（5.28±0.90）m/s vs（7.13±1.39）m/s,F=56.147、79.539,P均<0.001］。四组间两两比较,韧带完全断裂组与部分断裂组,差异无统计学意义,其他组两两比较,差异均有统计学意义（t=44.168、1.602;116.432、3.453;31.077、1.029;103.342、2.881;72.265、1.851;P均<0.05）。 结论超声弹性成像可以作为对高频超声诊断踝关节外侧副韧带断裂进行的有效补充。精确诊断韧带是否存在微小断裂。     

高强度聚焦超声治疗子宫肌瘤疗效研究

目的探讨高强度聚焦超声治疗子宫肌瘤的有效性,评价超声造影对HIFU治疗的疗效判断。方法选择HIFU治疗的子宫肌瘤患者88例,共检出肌瘤138枚,于治疗前和治疗后彩色多普勒血流显像及超声造影检查,观察瘤体大小、内部及周边组织回声和血流灌注对比变化。结果治疗2~5d后肌瘤内部回声不均匀性增强,血流信号减少,肌瘤内无造影剂显示,肌瘤内时间强度曲线幅度减低。治疗3个月后肌瘤缩小,平均有效率52%,肌瘤内部回声均发生变化,血流信号消失,临床症状改善。结论HIFU治疗子宫肌瘤有效。超声造影可早期客观评估子宫肌瘤血流灌注状态,有效评价HIFU治疗的效果,作为治疗后判断疗效是一项较好的检测指标。     

超声弹性成像联合超声造影在早期乳腺癌诊断中的价值研究

目的探究超声弹性成像联合超声造影在早期乳腺癌中的诊断价值。方法对乳腺病灶切除术患者113例(140个乳腺肿块)分别进行超声弹性成像技术、超声造影、超声弹性成像联合超声造影检查,以病理结果为对照,比较诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确度。结果140个病灶中,恶性90例(病灶98个),良性23例(病灶42个)。超声弹性成像与超声造影诊断早期乳腺癌灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为73.47%、80.95%、75.71%与77.55%、85.71%、80.00%,差异均无统计学意义(χ^2分别=0.44、0.34、0.74,P均>0.05);超声弹性成像联合超声造影诊断的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为91.84%、90.47%、91.43%,灵敏度和准确度均明显高于单纯采用超声弹性成像或超声造影,差异均有统计学意义(χ^2分别=7.71、11.52、7.46、12.59,P均<0.05)。结论超声弹性成像联合超声造影在早期乳腺癌中具有良好诊断效果与鉴别诊断价值。     

超声造影在诊断儿童移植肝动脉闭塞中的作用

目的探讨超声造影诊断儿童肝移植术后肝动脉闭塞（HAO）的效能并总结进一步常规超声随访中HAO相关并发症（肝内坏死灶和胆道并发症）的发生率。 方法回顾性选取2013年6月至2019年6月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院肝移植中心633例肝移植患儿的资料,术后常规超声可疑HAO则行超声造影检查,采用四格表分析超声造影诊断HAO的准确性、敏感度、特异度,HAO的确诊标准包括手术证实、数字减影血管造影（DSA）/计算机断层扫描血管造影（CTA）和随访。另外,总结进一步常规超声随访中HAO相关并发症（肝内坏死灶及胆道并发症）的发生率。 结果共42例患儿术后常规超声可疑HAO行超声造影检查,经确诊标准共诊断HAO患儿33例,其中1例为晚发（发生在肝移植术后5个月）。超声造影诊断34例HAO,其中有1例在随后的DSA检查中提示为肝动脉吻合口部分血栓形成,除外动脉闭塞;超声造影诊断肝动脉正常6例,在随访中也均正常;超声造影诊断肝动脉狭窄2例,随后由CTA检查证实,予以剔除。超声造影诊断HAO的准确性为97.5%（39/40）,敏感度为100%（33/33）,特异度为85.7%（6/7）。常规超声观察HAO后侧支循环形成的时间为闭塞后11（10,14）d,结合超声及其他影像学检查（CT/MRI）,33例HAO患儿中,出现肝内缺血坏死灶15例（45.5%）、胆汁瘤5例（15.1%）、胆漏1例（3.0%）、坏死性胆管炎9例（27.3%）、单纯肝内三级胆管扩张2例（6.1%）。 结论超声造影诊断儿童肝移植术后HAO的准确性和敏感度很高,可以比较准确地评价肝动脉的情况,当超声造影发现肝动脉正常时,可以避免患者进行不必要的DSA检查,但当超声造影提示HAO时,需要行DSA验证以避免不必要的开腹探查。另外,超声造影在HAO相关并发症的随访中也具有重要作用。