骨髓间充质干细胞复合壳聚糖凝胶体外构建可注射组织工程软骨

目的：探讨壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠凝胶用作骨髓间充质干细胞的载体体外构建可注射型组织工程软骨的有效性和可行性。方法：骨髓间充质干细胞与壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠制成注射型细胞/凝胶复合物并行体外成软骨诱导培养,通过倒置显微镜、扫描电镜和组织学检查等观察细胞在凝胶内黏附、生长、增殖、向软骨细胞分化及形成软骨样组织等情况。结果：在体外成软骨培养条件下,壳聚糖凝胶支持骨髓间充质干细胞生长、增殖、向软骨细胞分化并形成软骨样组织。结论：骨髓间充质干细胞/壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠凝胶复合物,有望用作可注射型组织工程软骨修复软骨缺损。     

可注射C/GP支架的组织相容性及与BMCs的细胞相容性观察

目的观察温固化可注射性壳聚糖/甘油磷酸钠（C/GP）凝胶的组织与细胞相容性,评估其作为组织工程支架的可行性。方法将7∶1体积比的壳聚糖和甘油磷酸钠溶液混合,注入成年兔的背部皮下、皮内和腹腔,从大体和组织学观察其局部炎症、皮肤刺激及全身中毒反应。以增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）标记的骨髓间充质干细胞（BMCs）为示踪细胞,复合C/GP凝胶行体外培养,注入兔的背部皮下或预制关节缺损的关节腔内,术后一定时间制作冰冻切片,荧光显微镜下观察,图像分析细胞存活及修复关节缺损效果。结果C/GP具有良好的组织相容性和生物安全性,与EGFP-BMCs以一定细胞浓度混悬,体外及皮下培养数周均可见荧光标记的细胞,支架与细胞复合物完全充填关节缺损,细胞荧光标记阳性,细胞参与修复。结论可注射性C/GP支架具有良好的组织相容性,细胞在支架内存活良好。     

壳聚糖温敏凝胶引导组织再生膜的制备及其细胞生物相容性

目的制备壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠(CS/β-GP)膜,通过体外细胞培养评价新型引导组织再生膜的细胞生物相容性。方法利用CS/β-GP体系的温敏相转变特性,通过分子自组装技术合成温敏凝胶膜,采用红外光谱分析、扫描电镜、拉伸强度实验进行结构和力学测试。通过MTT比色法对体外培养的小鼠成纤维细胞L929生长及增殖情况进行初步评价,共分3组进行对比研究:实验A组(2%CS+0.5 gβ-GP)、实验B组(2%CS+1.0 gβ-GP)及空白对照组。结果 红外光谱分析提示,壳聚糖与β-甘油磷酸钠分子间存在静电作用和化学键结合,形成新的化合物;扫描电镜观察,壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠膜具有多孔的表面结构和内部结构;L929细胞体外培养第3、4、5天,实验组与空白对照组吸光度(A)值组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠温敏凝胶具有良好的成膜性,能促进成纤维细胞的体外增殖,是一种有应用前景的新型引导组织再生膜材料。     

骨髓间充质干细胞的二维及三维培养实验研究

目的在二维、三维培养体系中探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)分裂、增殖的特性,为构建组织工程提供足够的种子细胞。方法密度梯度离心结合全骨髓贴壁法培养BMSCs,采用流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标志;将壳聚糖、β-甘油磷酸钠及羟乙基纤维素按比例混合制备三维支架。选取第3代骨髓间充质干细胞分别在传统二维培养体系以及在三维支架上接种培养2周。倒置相差显微镜下连续观察细胞形态变化的特征,收集细胞支架复合物行苏木精-伊红染色,并通过扫描电镜观察BMSCs的超微结构。结果传统二维条件下BMSCs培养2d,贴壁细胞开始展开,呈长梭形,3d后细胞以集落样方式分布,出现许多圆、亮的细胞,呈"放气球样"黏附于表面。在三维培养体系中,扫描电镜可观察BMSCs呈球形,细胞贴附于支架纤维上生长;HE染色可见大量圆形的细胞沿着支架纤维生长。结论在三维培养体系中,支架、胶冻状物质、BMSCs、相关的细胞因子共同构成三维培养体系的微环境,与BMSCs共培养具良好的组织相容性,BMSCs表现出活跃的增殖能力。     

小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养及生物性状研究

目的：分离培养小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞，研究其体外培养的生物特性。方法：获取骨髓间充质干细胞进行培养，倒置相差显微镜观察细胞生长情况。绘制生长曲线，冷冻保存细胞复苏后的生长状况观察。免疫细胞化学法鉴定细胞表面抗原。在地塞米松、β-甘油磷酸钠、抗坏血酸的作用下，进行成骨诱导分化。结果：原代和传代培养的细胞体外培养细胞呈现梭形、多角形外观，具有较强的生长增殖能力，复苏细胞生长状况无明显改变；细胞CD44。CD54抗原有阳性表达，CD34呈阴性表达。分化细胞表现成骨细胞特性，合成碱性磷酸酶(ALP)能力增强，矿化结节逐渐出现。结论：建立稳定可靠的分离培养小鼠骨髓MSCs方法，分离出的MSCs具有干细胞的生物特性，可用于骨组织工程中的种子细胞。     

骨髓间充质干细胞诱导为成骨细胞的初步研究

目的观察兔骨髓间充质干细胞的生长特点及诱导条件下的成骨能力。方法抽取兔骨髓组织,梯度离心后,保留贴壁细胞传代,稳定传代后改用含地塞米松、β-甘油磷酸钠和维生素C的诱导培养液,通过倒置显微镜观察,碱性磷酸酶染色,骨连接素、骨桥素免疫细胞化学染色等方法进行观测。结果原代兔骨髓间充质干细胞7～8d左右即可长满,并可稳定传代,传代细胞5～6d即可传代。诱导培养细胞碱性磷酸酶染色,骨连接素、骨桥素免疫细胞化学染色阳性。结论兔骨髓间充质干细胞经合理的体外诱导培养后,符合成骨细胞的形态特征和生物学特性,可为体外构建组织工程化骨提供自体种子细胞。     

骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养及生物学特性研究

目的：通过体外细胞的培养方法将骨髓间充质干细胞由骨髓血中分离出来并加以纯化，进一步在体外培养条件下研究其增殖及生长特征，从而为探讨后续利用组织工程学方法修复肌肉骨骼系统组织缺损的可能性提供实验基础。方法：从骨髓血中提取间充质干细胞，体外培养扩增，再以相差显微镜、电镜观察并绘制生长曲线。结果：（1）通过离体培养，可以使体内环境下低丰度的骨髓间充质干细胞实现数目扩增。（2）体外培养条件下骨髓间充质干细胞具有成纤维细胞的生长特性。（3）体外单层培养条件下贴壁生长的骨髓间充质干细胞会出现“返祖现象”。（4）骨髓间充质干细胞内细胞器与其生物活性变化相一致。结论：骨髓间充质干细胞体外培养成功为今后利用自体间充质干细胞通过组织工程学方法修复肌肉骨骼系统的组织缺损提供功能细胞奠定了基础。     

人骨髓间充质干细胞体外诱导培养成骨的实验研究

目的 观察人骨髓间充质干细胞的生长特点及诱导条件下的成骨能力。方法 抽取人骨髓组织，梯度离心后，保留贴壁细胞传代，稳定传代后改用含地塞米松、β—甘油磷酸钠和维生素C的诱导培养液，通过倒置显微镜观察、碱性磷酸酶染色、骨钙素免疫组化染色等方法进行观测。结果 原代人骨髓间充质干细胞10～12d左右即可长满，并可稳定传代，传代细胞5～6d即可传代，在诱导培养液中2周形成多层结构，并聚集成细胞钙化结节。诱导培养细胞碱性磷酸酶染色，骨钙素免疫组化染色阳性。结论 人骨髓间充质干细胞经合理的体外诱导培养后，符合成骨细胞的形态特征和生物学特性，可为体外构建组织工程化骨提供自体种子细胞。     

骨髓间充质干细胞的分离、培养、鉴定及生物学特性研究

目的 通过体外细胞培养和贴壁筛选法将骨髓间充质干细胞由骨髓中分离纯化并加以鉴定，观察该细胞的生物学特性，为其用于组织工程提供实验基础。方法 提取骨髓，通过离心和贴壁筛选培养获取骨髓间充质干细胞，原位杂交检测骨髓间充质干细胞的表面标志CD44对培养细胞进行鉴定；测定其生长曲线和贴壁率。结果 通过体外培养和贴壁筛选可获得骨髓间充质干细胞，该细胞在体外培养条件下可在短时间内贴壁生长，增殖速度迅速，适应性强，长期传代不改变其生物学特性。结论 体外细胞培养和贴壁筛选能有效分离纯化免骨髓间充质干细胞，细胞扩增稳定。     

丝素蛋白/壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石骨组织工程支架材料的体外细胞毒性评价

目的 探讨丝素蛋白/壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石生物支架与兔骨髓间充质干细胞的体外细胞毒性.方法 采用丝素蛋白/壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石构建的生物支架与兔骨髓间充质干细胞体外共培养,用材料的细胞毒性、细胞黏附率、细胞增殖活力指标以MTT法、倒置显微镜及电镜观察来评价.结果 细胞在支架材料上黏附、生长良好,分裂增殖活跃,细胞毒性检测CTG均为0级,实验组与时照组细胞黏附率比较无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,实验组与对照组细胞增殖活力随着时间增加,细胞在支架增殖速度增快.第1、3、5、7天实验组与对照组比较有统计学差异（P＜0.05）.扫描电镜观察发现细胞培养7天后生长良好,分裂正常,与支架材料黏附紧密.结论 支架材料对细胞无毒性,具有很好的细胞相容性.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.