知母对阴虚小鼠焦虑行为的影响

目的 观察知母对阴虚小鼠焦虑行为的影响,筛选活性物质并探讨其机制.方法 采用320 mg/kg甲状腺片混悬液对小鼠连续灌胃9d造阴虚模型,以高架十字迷宫和明暗箱装置观察阴虚模型小鼠焦虑行为状态.行为学测试结束后,立即断头处死,取脑,左右脑分别测定GABA和Glu的含量以及GABAAR1和NMDAR1表达.结果 ①小鼠高架十字迷宫实验进入开臂的时间比和次数比,阴虚模型组[(28.83±7.5)%,(24.1±4.0)%,n=10]较地西泮组[(40.6±4.9)%,(33.8±4.2)%,n=10]和醇提物中剂量组[(40.4±0.4)%,(35.0±3.3)%,n=10]显著减少(P<0.05);在明暗箱实验中,阴虚模型组穿箱次数[(17.5±1.6)次,n=10]较地西泮组[(18.7±0.8)次,n=10]和醇提物中剂量组[(18.6±1.4)次,n=10]显著减少(P<0.05).②小鼠脑内GABA含量,阴虚模型组[(24.45±4.96)μg/g,n=10]较地西泮组[(46.59±11.85)μg/g,n=10]和醇提物中剂量组[(48.97±9.14)μg/g,n=10]显著降低(P<0.05);Glu含量,阴虚模型组[(440.6±108.8)μg/g,n=10]较地西泮组[(208.5±77.88)μg/g,n=10]和醇提物中剂量组[(255.6±77.01)μg/g,n=10]显著升高(P<0.05).③与阴虚模型组比较,地西泮组和醇提物中剂量组小鼠脑内GABAAR1平均积分光密度值显著升高(P<0.05)、NMDAR1平均积分光密度值显著降低(P<0.05).结论 知母醇提物具有明显的抗焦虑作用,其机制可能与提高小鼠脑内GABA含量和GABAAR1表达,降低Glu含量和NMDAR1表达有关.     

缺血性结肠炎患者血液流变学改变的临床意义

目的 探讨缺血性结肠炎患者的血液流变学特点及其临床意义.方法 对80例缺血性结肠炎患者(观察组)及60例健康者(对照组)进行血液流变学检测,并进行两组间比较.结果 观察组患者的全血高切黏度[(5.27±0.51)mPa·s]、全血低切黏度[(10.87±1.53)mPa·s]、血浆黏度[(1.56±0.12)mPa·s]、血细胞比容[(57.2±4.4)%]、红细胞沉降率[(12.7±1.3)mm/h]和纤维蛋白原水平[(4.57±1.05)g/L]均显著高于对照组[分别为(4.31±0.35)mPa·s、(9.36±0.27)mPa·s、(1.32±0.06)mPa·s、(43.5±3.3)%、(7.8±0.8)mm/h和(3.21±0.40)g/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 缺血性结肠炎患者血液流变学各指标均显著增高,增加了血栓形成的危险;临床上可根据血液流变学指标的变化,采取相应防治措施以降低缺血性结肠炎的发生、发展.     

豨莶草对大鼠急性痛风性关节炎治疗作用

目的观察豨莶草对大鼠急性痛风性关节炎治疗作用。方法 SD大鼠50只,随机分成空白对照组、模型组、秋水仙碱组、豨莶草水提组和豨莶草醇提组,每组10只。采用大鼠后肢右侧踝关节腔内注射尿酸钠法建立急性痛风性关节炎大鼠模型,各组分别于造模前2h、造模后6、22h给予相应的药物。观察各组大鼠的足趾体积、致炎关节组织腔内白介素10(IL-10)含量变化。结果造模后24h模型组大鼠足趾体积为(0.3620±0.1273)m L,较空白对照组(0.0615±0.0520)m L显著增加(P0.01);与模型组比较,秋水仙碱组、豨莶草醇提组大鼠足趾体积均有明显缩小[(0.1638±0.0534)m L、(0.1796±0.0943)m L比(0.3620±0.1273)m L,P均0.01];秋水仙碱组、豨莶草醇提组大鼠后肢踝关节肿胀程度也较模型组有明显改善[(1.69±0.27)mm、(1.72±0.59)mm比(2.37±0.37)mm,P均0.01],血清IL-10则明显升高[(240.64±53.95)pg/m L、(215.65±70.35)pg/m L比(139.35±62.78)pg/m L,P0.01,P0.05]。结论豨莶草乙醇提取物对尿酸钠诱导的急性痛风性关节炎有治疗作用。     

芍药醇对脓毒症模型大鼠急性肺损伤保护作用及其机制研究

目的探究芍药醇对脓毒症模型大鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法将18只SD大鼠按照随机数字表法分成对照组、模型组和芍药醇组,每组6只。模型组大鼠腹腔注射10mg/kg脂多糖制备脓毒症模型;芍药醇组大鼠腹腔注射10mg/kg脂多糖2h后,尾静脉单次注射50mg/kg芍药醇;对照组大鼠腹腔注射等量生理盐水。造模24h后,处死大鼠,取肺组织。采用氧化应激试剂盒检测肺组织丙二醛(MDA)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)水平和过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测肺组织肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)水平,免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测肺组织炎症、氧化应激及凋亡相关蛋白表达,实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测相关非编码小RNA(miRNA)表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠肺组织MDA水平显著增高[(1.74±0.13)nmol/mg比(0.72±0.05)nmol/mg,P0.05],TAOC水平显著下降[(1.34±0.08)U/mg比(1.89±0.07)U/mg,P0.05],CAT[(1.23±0.05)U/mg比(2.73±0.10)U/mg]和SOD[(54.73±5.11)U/mg比(91.61±4.21)U/mg]活性减低(P均0.01);TNF-α[(138.24±8.99)pg/mL比(28.56±1.73)pg/mL]、IL-6 [(193.21±11.23)pg/mL比(70.31±5.19)pg/mL]、TGF-β[(132.43±8.21)ng/mL比(31.92±3.24)ng/mL]水平升高(P 0.05或P 0.01);高迁移率蛋白1(HMGB1)、半胱天冬氨酸酶9剪切体(cleaved-Caspase9)表达增多,B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)、核转录因子2(Nrf2)表达减少;miR-126[(0.79±0.02)比(1.01±0.03)]、miR-223[(0.61±0.04)比(1.02±0.02)]相对水平降低(P均0.05),miR-21[(3.23±0.05)比(0.99±0.01)]相对水平升高(P0.01)。与模型组比较,芍药醇组大鼠肺组织MDA[(0.97±0.07)nmol/mg]水平降低,T-AOC[(1.68±0.06)U/mg]水平升高,CAT[(2.25±0.07)U/mg]和SOD[(79.99±5.21)U/mg]活性增强均P0.05;TNF-α[(81.89±5.32)pg/mL]、IL-6 [(100.31±9.43)pg/mL]、TGF-β[(50.21±4.13)ng/mL]水平降低(P0.05或P0.01);HMGB1、cleaved-Caspase9蛋白表达减少,Bcl-2、Nrf2蛋白表达增多;miR-126 (1.78±0.03)、miR-223(0.89±0.03)相对水平升高,miR-21(1.45±0.03)相对水平降低(P0.05或P0.01)。结论芍药醇抑制脓毒症大鼠炎症反应、氧化应激及细胞凋亡,对急性肺损伤具有保护作用。     

野牡丹提取物对实验动物血栓形成的影响

目的:研究野牡丹提取物(Melastoma candidum P.E,M.candidum P.E)对小鼠和大鼠血栓形成的影响。方法:(1)将40只昆明小鼠随机分成生理盐水组(10 ml.kg-1)、M.candidum P.E低剂量组(5 mg.kg-1)、M.candidum P.E高剂量组(10 mg.kg-1)和血栓通组(30 mg.kg-1),每组10只,通过小鼠腹腔分别注射生理盐水、M.candidum P.E或血栓通。各组用药后30 min,采用剪尾法和玻片法测定小鼠出血时间(BT)和凝血时间(CT)。(2)将32只SD大鼠随机分成生理盐水组(10 ml.kg-1)、M.candidum P.E低剂量组(10 mg.kg-1)、M.candidum P.E高剂量组(20 mg.kg-1)和血栓通组(30 mg.kg-1),每组8只,通过大鼠颈外静脉分别注射生理盐水、M.candidum P.E或血栓通。各组用药5 min后,用血栓生成仪测定大鼠5 min内的颈总动脉的平均阻塞率。结果:(1)小鼠M.candidum P.E低剂量组的BT[(3.25±0.45)min]和CT[(0.95±0.16)min]明显短于小鼠生理盐水组的BT[(7.17±1.80)min]和CT[(1.50±0.15)min],两组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与生理盐水组比较,小鼠M.candidum P.E高剂量组的BT[(11.55±1.11)min]和CT[(2.30±0.24)min]、血栓通组的BT[(13.75±1.64)min]和CT[(2.10±0.31)min]均有延长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与血栓通组比较,小鼠M.candidum P.E高剂量组的BT和CT差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(2)大鼠M.candidum P.E低剂量组的颈总动脉平均阻塞率[(86.56±1.54)%]明显高于生理盐水组[(63.15±9.74)%](P<0.05);大鼠M.candidum P.E高剂量组的颈总动脉平均阻塞率[(49.35±13.23)%]、血栓通组的颈总动脉平均阻塞率[(8.00±9.00)%]均较生理盐水组降低,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:低剂量M.candidum P.E有促凝血作用,高剂量M.candidum P.E有抗凝血作用。     

金匮肾气丸调控β-catenin通路治疗去卵巢小鼠骨质疏松

目的探讨金匮肾气丸治疗去卵巢小鼠骨质疏松疗效和分子机制。方法 24只10周龄雌性C57BL/6小鼠按照随机数字表法分为假手术组、模型组和金匮肾气丸组,每组8只。模型组和金匮肾气丸组小鼠摘除双侧卵巢造模,假手术组切除卵巢周围等量脂肪组织。术后第4天开始,金匮肾气丸组给予金匮肾气丸溶液含生药1g/m L 0.2m L/天,模型组给予等量生理盐水灌胃。干预8周后,摘取小鼠双侧股骨进行Micro-CT、病理染色和q RT-PCR检测。结果与假手术组比较,模型组小鼠骨密度[(0.90±0.07)mg/mm~3比(1.21±0.10)mg/mm~3,P0.05]、骨体积分数[(26.31±2.90)%比(42.10±5.35)%,P0.05]和骨小梁数目[(2.39±0.29)N/mm比(3.51±0.42)N/mm,P0.05]均降低,骨小梁间距增加[(0.34±0.08)mm比(0.21±0.05)mm,P0.05],骨小梁厚度无显著变化[(0.12±0.01)mm比(0.12±0.03)mm,P0.05],骨小梁面积分数减少[(12.89±4.36)%比(22.52±2.32)%,P0.05],骨髓腔内脂肪空泡面积比[(13.01±4.95)%比(3.03±0.66)%,P0.05]和直径[(32.03±5.62)μm比(23.22±1.90)μm,P0.05]均增加。β-catenin及其下游Osterix和ALP基因表达减少[β-catenin:(0.39±0.14)比(1.04±0.34);Osterix:(0.36±0.13)比(1.11±0.35);ALP:(0.27±0.08)比(1.00±0.12);P均0.05)]。金匮肾气丸治疗后,小鼠股骨骨密度升高[(1.15±0.12)mg/mm~3比(0.90±0.07)mg/mm~3,P0.05],骨体积分数[(34.24±4.01)%比(26.31±2.90)%,P0.05]和骨小梁数目[(2.72±0.25)N/mm比(2.39±0.29)N/mm,P0.05]均升高,骨小梁间距减少[(0.26±0.03)mm比(0.34±0.08)mm,P0.05],骨小梁厚度无显著变化[(0.12±0.02)mm比(0.12±0.01)mm,P0.05],骨小梁面积分数增加[(20.17±4.88)%比(12.89±4.36)%,P 0.05],髓腔内脂肪空泡面积[(6.96±3.58)%比(13.01±4.95)%,P 0.05]和直径[(25.43±3.91)μm比(32.03±5.62)μm,P均0.05]均减少。β-catenin、Osterix和ALP的m RNA表达升高[β-catenin:(0.877±0.224)比(0.387±0.139);Osterix:(0.881±0.187)比(0.362±0.134);ALP:(0.812±0.145)比(0.272±0.077),P均0.05]。结论金匮肾气丸能有效延缓去卵巢小鼠骨量丢失,其可能作用机制是促进β-catenin及下游Osterix、ALP成骨基因表达,进而影响干细胞向成骨细胞分化。     

乌司他丁对老年患者腹腔镜子宫全切手术术后认知功能的影响

目的探讨乌司他丁(Uli)对老年腹腔镜子宫全切手术后患者认知功能的影响。方法选择美国麻醉师协会(ASA)Ⅰ或Ⅱ级择期行腹腔镜子宫全切手术的老年患者50例,随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组在常规全麻诱导前静滴乌司他丁,接着持续静脉泵注乌司他丁直至手术结束,对照组给予相应生理盐水。于手术前1天(D0)和手术后1(D1)、3(D2)、7(D3)天测定血清白介素-1(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、S100β蛋白的含量,并记录简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)评分,D0和D3测定脑事件相关电位p300潜伏期和振幅,观察术后认知功能下降发生率。结果与D0时间点相比,两组患者在D1时间点均出现MMSE评分的下降[观察组:(24.46±1.69)分比(27.67±2.64)分,对照组:(21.21±1.80)分比(27.19±2.88)分,P0.05]。炎症因子增高IL-1β[观察组:(16.29±4.61)pg/mL比(10.33±2.99)pg/mL,对照组:(19.58±5.69)pg/mL比(10.45±3.12)pg/mL,P0.05]、IL-6[观察组:(26.68±3.53)pg/mL比(3.74±0.58)pg/mL,对照组:(42.55±4.36)pg/mL比(3.96±0.63)pg/mL,P0.05]、TNF-a[观察组:(61.30±11.91)pg/mL比(30.84±3.98)pg/mL,对照组:(80.98±15.33)pg/mL比(30.24±4.05)pg/mL,P0.05],NSE增高[观察组:(5.35±1.69)μg/mL比(2.78±2.36)μg/mL,对照组:(7.87±3.38)μg/mL比(2.89±1.97)μg/mL,P0.05],S100β蛋白表达水平增高[观察组:(0.17±0.13)μg/mL比(0.04±0.01)μg/mL,对照组:(0.22±0.33)μg/mL比(0.04±0.01)μg/mL,P0.05];与对照组相比,观察组在D3时间点MMSE评分增高[(27.54±2.37)分比(25.01±2.12)分,P0.05];与对照组相比,观察组在D3时间点IL-1β、IL-6、TNFa、NSE、S100β蛋白表达水平降低[(10.22±3.20)pg/mL比(13.33±3.58)pg/mL]、[(3.94±0.69)pg/mL比(14.23±0.84)pg/mL]、[(32.52±5.60)pg/mL比(43.07±4.38)pg/mL]、[(2.34±1.10)μg/mL比(5.65±0.89)μg/mL]、[(0.05±0.01)μg/mL比(0.16±0.0)μg/mL],P均0.05;与对照组相比,观察组D3时p300潜伏期缩短[(302.34±29.12)比(353.67±35.65),P0.05],振幅升高[(8.11±2.23)比(5.23±1.93),P0.05],观察组术后认知功能下降发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论乌司他丁可减轻或预防老年腹腔镜子宫全切手术患者术后认知功能下降,具有脑保护作用。     

乌司他丁对老年腹腔镜子宫全切术患者术后认知功能的影响

目的探讨乌司他丁(Uli)对老年腹腔镜子宫全切手术后患者认知功能的影响。方法选择美国麻醉师协会(ASA)Ⅰ或Ⅱ级择期行腹腔镜子宫全切手术的老年患者50例,随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组在常规全麻诱导前静滴乌司他丁,接着持续静脉泵注乌司他丁直至手术结束,对照组给予相应生理盐水。于手术前1天(D0)和手术后1(D1)、3(D2)、7(D3)天测定血清白介素-1(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、S100β蛋白的含量,并记录简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)评分,D0和D3测定脑事件相关电位p300潜伏期和振幅,观察术后认知功能下降发生率。结果与D0时间点相比,两组患者在D1时间点均出现MMSE评分的下降[观察组:(24.46±1.69)分比(27.67±2.64)分,对照组:(21.21±1.80)分比(27.19±2.88)分,P0.05]。炎症因子增高IL-1β[观察组:(16.29±4.61)pg/mL比(10.33±2.99)pg/mL,对照组:(19.58±5.69)pg/mL比(10.45±3.12)pg/mL,P0.05]、IL-6[观察组:(26.68±3.53)pg/mL比(3.74±0.58)pg/mL,对照组:(42.55±4.36)pg/mL比(3.96±0.63)pg/mL,P0.05]、TNF-a[观察组:(61.30±11.91)pg/mL比(30.84±3.98)pg/mL,对照组:(80.98±15.33)pg/mL比(30.24±4.05)pg/mL,P0.05],NSE增高[观察组:(5.35±1.69)μg/mL比(2.78±2.36)μg/mL,对照组:(7.87±3.38)μg/mL比(2.89±1.97)μg/mL,P0.05],S100β蛋白表达水平增高[观察组:(0.17±0.13)μg/mL比(0.04±0.01)μg/mL,对照组:(0.22±0.33)μg/mL比(0.04±0.01)μg/mL,P0.05];与对照组相比,观察组在D3时间点MMSE评分增高[(27.54±2.37)分比(25.01±2.12)分,P0.05];与对照组相比,观察组在D3时间点IL-1β、IL-6、TNFa、NSE、S100β蛋白表达水平降低[(10.22±3.20)pg/mL比(13.33±3.58)pg/mL]、[(3.94±0.69)pg/mL比(14.23±0.84)pg/mL]、[(32.52±5.60)pg/mL比(43.07±4.38)pg/mL]、[(2.34±1.10)μg/mL比(5.65±0.89)μg/mL]、[(0.05±0.01)μg/mL比(0.16±0.0)μg/mL],P均0.05;与对照组相比,观察组D3时p300潜伏期缩短[(302.34±29.12)比(353.67±35.65),P0.05],振幅升高[(8.11±2.23)比(5.23±1.93),P0.05],观察组术后认知功能下降发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论乌司他丁可减轻或预防老年腹腔镜子宫全切手术患者术后认知功能下降,具有脑保护作用。     

加味酸枣仁汤对睡眠剥夺大鼠细胞免疫功能紊乱的调节作用

目的观察加味酸枣仁汤对睡眠剥夺所致大鼠细胞免疫功能紊乱的调节作用。方法选择SPF级SD大鼠40只,随机分为正常组、模型组、西药组、中药组各10只。正常组大鼠给予无干扰常规喂养7天;余三组均采用平台随机移动法造模7天,造模开始模型组同时予生理盐水灌胃、西药组予劳拉西泮片0.105mg/(kg·d)、中药组予加味酸枣仁汤6.3g/(kg·d)灌胃,共7天。测量各组大鼠体质量,通过旷场实验进行行为学评定,测定静脉血中CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+,以及血清中白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-2/IL-6水平。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠体质量显著下降[(205±12.11)g比(254±13.33)g,P0.01],旷场实验水平与垂直得分显著升高[(66.64±11.82)分比(44.71±13.82)分,(26.43±4.82)分比(16.38±5.45)分,P0.01),CD4+/CD8+、IL2/IL6明显下降[(1.16±0.64)比(1.74±0.52),(0.13±0.14)比(0.35±0.28),P0.05]。与模型组比较,中药组体质量明显升高[(219±14.45)g比(205±12.11)g,P0.05],但和西药组比较无明显差异[(219±14.45)g比(217±13.23)g,P0.05)],旷场实验水平和垂直得分明显下降[(51.35±13.37)分比(66.64±11.82)分,(21.73±4.39)分比(26.43±4.82)分,P0.05],但明显高于西药组[(51.35±13.37)分比(46.12±14.87)分,(21.73±4.39)分比(15.83±5.42)分,P0.05];CD4+/CD8+、IL2/IL6比值明显升高[(2.26±0.65)比(1.16±0.64),(0.29±0.19)比(0.13±0.14),P0.01],并明显高于西药组[(2.26±0.65)比(1.71±0.71),(0.29±0.19)比(0.17±0.11),P0.01]。结论加味酸枣仁汤能改善睡眠剥夺导致的模型大鼠体质量下降和行为学改变,并能纠正其细胞免疫功能紊乱。     

孕期饮用酒精对子代大鼠学习记忆及海马H2S/CBS系统的影响

目的 研究孕期饮用酒精对子代大鼠学习记忆及海马硫化氢(H2S)的影响.方法 建立大鼠孕期饮用酒精模型,子代成年后,检测学习记忆、海马组织H2S含量、胱硫醚β-合酶(cystathionine-betasynthase,CBS)活性,免疫组化检测海马区CBS蛋白表达.结果 学习记忆测试结果显示孕期饮用酒精组子鼠学习记忆成绩[(43.00±15.33)次]比正常对照组和饮酒对照组明显下降[(25.13±12.35)次和(26.12±11.95)次,P＜0.05)];孕期饮用酒精组子鼠海马组织H2S含量[(30.32±5.84) nmol/g]较正常对照组[ (52.51±7.85) nmol/g]和饮酒对照组[(49.93±4.29) nmol/g]明显下降(P＜0.01);孕期饮用酒精组子鼠海马组织CBS活性[(55.13±4.45) nmol/g]较正常对照组[(71.06±5.58) nmol/g]和饮酒对照组[ (69.96±6.13) nmol/g]明显下降(P＜0.01);孕期饮用酒精组子鼠海马区CBS蛋白表达较正常对照组和饮酒对照组明显下降.结论 孕期饮用酒精对子代大鼠的神经损伤可能与H2S/CBS系统的下调有关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.