内镜下放射状切开术与球囊扩张术治疗食管吻合口良性狭窄的对比研究

目的比较内镜下放射状切开术与球囊扩张术治疗食管吻合口良性狭窄的疗效和安全性。方法选取2016年6月至2018年2月于阆中市人民医院就诊的49例食管吻合口良性狭窄患者,其中19例行放射状切开术治疗,30例行球囊扩张术治疗,观察治疗后1周、2个月和6个月的疗效和并发症情况。结果术后1周两组的治疗有效率均为100%;在术后2个月和6个月,放射状切开术组的有效率分别为63.2%和26.3%,球囊扩张术组分别为66.7%和24.1%,差异均没有统计学意义,两组患者均未出现出血、穿孔、感染等并发症。结论内镜下放射状切开术与球囊扩张术的疗效无明显差异,且均具有良好的安全性。     

内镜下环周切开术治疗难治性结直肠吻合口良性狭窄的临床疗效观察

[目的]评价内镜下环周切开术治疗结直肠吻合口良性顽固性狭窄的安全性和疗效。[方法]选取行内镜下环周切开术治疗因结直肠癌术后出现吻合口良性难治性狭窄患者35例,观察手术安全性及其临床疗效。[结果]35例均顺利行内镜下环周切开治疗,吻合口直径从2～6 mm扩张至13～18 mm(平均15 mm)。手术时间15～25 min。所有患者腹胀、排便困难症状均有明显改善,术后有效率为100%,较术前相比差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。术后第1、3、6个月随访观察患者无一例出现腹痛、便血、发热及肠穿孔等并发症。术后第6个月复查结肠镜,33例常规结肠镜可顺利通过,2例于术后第6个月复查提示再发狭窄,遂进行再次环周切开治疗。[结论]内镜下环周切开术对治疗难治性结直肠吻合口良性狭窄是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

内镜下扩张联合注射博来霉素治疗食管手术后吻合口良性狭窄的安全性和有效性

目的分析内镜下扩张联合注射博来霉素治疗食管手术后吻合口良性狭窄的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2019年6月佛山市第一人民医院收治的食管手术后吻合口良性狭窄的55例患者。其中25例患者接受内镜下扩张联合注射博来霉素治疗(内镜下扩张联合博来霉素组),30例患者接受单纯内镜下扩张治疗(单纯内镜下扩张组)。比较两组患者缓解食管狭窄需要的时间、扩张相关的治疗费用、1年无狭窄生存时间、并发症发生情况。结果两组患者均顺利完成了内镜下治疗,治疗后短期内都达到了内镜和临床缓解。两组患者术后均未出现严重并发症,且两组患者术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义[8.0%(2/25) vs 6.7%(2/30),χ~2=0.046,P=0.83]。在1年的随访时间内,内镜下扩张联合博来霉素组患者无狭窄生存时间长于单纯内镜下扩张组患者[(11.1±0.4)个月vs (3.9±0.2)个月],前者需要达到食管狭窄缓解的扩张次数更少[1 (1,2)次vs 3 (3,4)次],费用更低[5791.2 (4987.4,9974.8)元vs 16084.0 (14036.1,19094.0)元],且差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=54.322,Z=7.103、6.653,P均<0.01)。结论内镜下扩张联合注射博来霉素治疗食管手术后吻合口良性狭窄的疗效优于单纯内镜下扩张,可获得更长的无狭窄生存时间,并减少扩张次数。     

内镜下切开术联合探条扩张术与单纯扩张法在食管良性狭窄治疗效果比较

[目的]分析内镜下切开术联合探条扩张术与单纯扩张法在食管良性狭窄的临床应用疗效。[方法]选取2014年7月~2016年7月我院收治150例食管良性狭窄患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表将其分为对照组(n=75)及实验组(n=75),对照组采用单纯扩张法进行治疗,实验组采用内镜下切开术联合探条扩张术进行治疗,对比2组临床治疗效果、持续症状缓解时间、再次进行内镜下扩张治疗的间隔时间和并发症等情况。[结果]实验组的总有效率明显高于对照组(96.00%:84.00%,P0.05);实验组的持续症状缓解时间明显长于对照组[(173.35±9.13)d:(101.33±7.82)d],P0.05;实验组的再次进行内镜下扩张治疗的间隔时间明显长于对照组(189.23±20.15)d:(107.92±15.21)d,P0.05),2组均无严重并发症发生。[结论]在食管良性狭窄治疗方面,采用内镜下切开术联合探条扩张术治疗方案,临床效果显著,能够有效改善食管狭窄情况,大大提高患者的生活质量,值得推广。     

小探头超声辅助下经双通道内镜食管黏膜下肿瘤剥除术的临床应用

目的探讨小探头超声辅助下经双通道内镜食管黏膜下肿瘤剥除术的临床应用价值。方法1999年1月至2005年5月，选择内镜超声检查诊断为食管黏膜下肿瘤的84例在小探头超声辅助下经双通道内镜行食管黏膜下肿瘤剥除术，术后常规病理组织送检。结果84例患者均成功行内镜下剥除，术后无食管穿孔、食管狭窄等严重并发症，创面渗血2例（2．3％）。83例获得病理诊断，确诊食管间质瘤65例，脂肪瘤17例，神经纤维瘤1例。术后经平均4．1个月的内镜随访，未见病变再发。结论小探头超声辅助下双通道内镜食管黏膜下肿瘤剥除术是一种安全、有效、简便的治疗方法。     

内镜下黏膜切除术治疗食管平滑肌瘤42例的临床观察

目的探讨内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)治疗食管平滑肌瘤的疗效和应用价值。方法回顾性分析2009年1月-2011年1月我院消化内镜中心行EMR治疗且经病理证实的42例食管平滑肌瘤患者的临床资料。结果 42例患者均经微探头超声内镜检查确定其食管病变的解剖层次及起源后,行EMR完整切除病变组织。3例手术中出血患者经金属夹夹闭出血点后成功止血,1例手术后迟发性出血患者经内镜下氩离子血浆凝固术(APC)止血成功。无穿孔、感染等严重并发症发生,术后随访6个月,无瘢痕狭窄等术后并发症发生。结论 EMR治疗食管平滑肌瘤是一种安全、有效的微创治疗方法,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

内镜下放射状切开治疗食管ESD术后狭窄的临床研究

[目的]探讨内镜下放射状切开(endoscopic radial incision ERI)治疗食管内镜黏膜下剥离术后狭窄的有效性和安全性。[方法]收集食管内镜黏膜下剥离术后狭窄患者11例，记录患者临床信息、术前狭窄时间、术前接受治疗情况，统计术前及术后吞咽困难评分、吞咽困难改善情况，记录术中、术后并发症，评估其疗效。[结果]11例患者均完成ERI术，平均操作时间(25.45±16.00)min,平均狭窄长度(2.72±1.48)cm,所有患者均未出现穿孔、出血等并发症。胃镜评估狭窄处直径术前为(0.34±0.14)cm,术后第3天、第3个月、第6个月、第12个月分别为(1.26±0.19)、(1.16±0.22)、(1.14±0.20)、(1.15±0.21)cm,术后与术前比较差异明显(P<0.05)。吞咽困难评分术前为(3.09±0.54)分，术后第3天、第3个月、第6个月、第12个月分别为(1.18±0.60)、(1.45±0.69)、(1.80±0.98)、(1.76±0.87)分，术后与术前比较差异明显(P<0.05)。[结论]ERI治疗食管内镜黏膜下剥离术术后...     

先天性食管闭锁术后吻合口狭窄的内镜下放射状切开术联合球囊扩张术治疗初探

目的 评估内镜下放射状切开术联合球囊扩张术治疗先天性食管闭锁术后吻合口狭窄的疗效及安全性。 方法 2017年1—6月,因先天性食管闭锁术后吻合口狭窄在济南市儿童医院接受内镜下放射状切开术联合球囊扩张术治疗的患儿共4例,采用回顾性分析方法,对4例患儿的治疗及随访情况进行总结和分析。 结果 内镜下放射状切开术用时35～65 min,其中3例术程顺利,另一例术中出现呼吸困难经停止内镜操作及加压给氧后好转,4例术后3周的吞咽困难评分在2～3分,较术前的3～4分均有降低。在内镜下放射状切开术后随诊过程中,1例术后3周吞咽困难再次反复,予球囊扩张治疗后吞咽困难缓解;其余3例均在内镜下放射状切开术后3周辅以球囊扩张术1～2次,球囊扩张术过程顺利,无不良反应发生。4例随访2～3个月,上消化道造影显示造影剂可顺利通过狭窄部位,吞咽困难评分下降至0～1分。 结论 内镜下放射性切开术治疗先天性食管闭锁术后吻合口狭窄的短期疗效显著,但易出现再次狭窄,联合球囊扩张治疗后,既能做到选择性切开狭窄又能对狭窄部位瘢痕组织进行均匀扩张,从而达到更好的扩张治疗效果,同时又能有效避免穿孔并发症的发生。     

全覆膜可取出金属支架治疗难治性食管良性狭窄

目的评价全覆膜可取出金属支架治疗难治性食管良性狭窄的疗效和安全性。方法选择经内镜扩张治疗失败的难治性食管良性狭窄病例6例，其中化学性烧伤3例，食管胃吻合口狭窄2例，吻合口狭窄、金属支架置入术再再狭窄1例，按病例不同情况设计全覆膜可取出金属支架的形状，置入食管狭窄段，定期观察症状的变化、支架两端黏膜增生情况及支架取出后症状的变化情况。结果所有病例均成功置入支架，支架置入后吞咽困难症状均得到持续改善，能进食软食。支架置入3～6个月后均经内镜成功取出，无1例发生支架端口黏膜增生、支架再狭窄：其中4例支架取出后随访2～12个月，症状持续改善，无需阿治疗；另2例发生支架移位，支架取出后1个月内再次出现吞咽困难。1例支架置入术后出现胸骨后疼痛，无其它并发症发生．结论个体化设计的全覆膜可取出金属支架足治疗难治性食管良性狭窄的一种安全、有效的方法。     

内镜直视下球囊扩张治疗食管狭窄21例

[目的]探讨内镜直视下球囊扩张治疗食管狭窄的疗效和安全性。[方法]经内镜直视下对21例食管狭窄患者行球囊扩张治疗,对比术前、术后狭窄部直径及狭窄程度分级,术后定期随访,观察临床症状及狭窄处直径改善情况。[结果]治疗后疗效评估为显效17例,狭窄口直径增至1．2cml有效4例,狭窄口直径增至1．0cm;总有效率100％。无一例出现食管穿孔、大出血等严重并发症。随访2年仅2例1年后复发,经2次扩张后至今未发,远期疗效达90．47％。[结论]内镜直视下球囊扩张治疗食管狭窄具有良好的临床疗效,操作简便、安全性好。     

Esophageal Mucosal Autograft for Preventing Stricture After Widespread Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of Superficial Esophageal Lesions

Background: Although esophageal mucosal autograft prevents esophageal stricture after widespread endoscopic submucosal dissection and has been reported as a new technique, it is relatively unproven in clinical practice. This prospective study was conducted to evaluate our experience using esophageal mucosal autograft to prevent strictures after widespread endoscopic submucosal dissection in patients with widespread superficial esophageal lesions.Methods: Between October 2017 and June 2018, 15 patients with widespread superficial esophageal lesions were consecutively treated with widespread endoscopic submucosal dissection and then underwent esophageal mucosal autograft. The main outcomes measured included esophageal epithelialization and esophageal stricture.Results: The median longitudinal diameter of the widespread superficial esophageal lesions was 5.2 cm. All 15 patients were successfully treated with widespread endoscopic submucosal dissection and esophageal mucosal autograft, and the median procedural time was 182 minutes. During follow-up (median, 23 months), esophageal epithelialization was found in 13 patients (86.7%), and 7 patients experienced esophageal stricture (46.7%). In those 7 patients, the esophageal strictures were successfully relieved after endoscopic balloon dilation or endoscopic radial incision. No complications related to endoscopic balloon dilation/endoscopic radial incision occurred. Additionally, local recurrence was found in 1 patient with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and further surgical resection was performed.Conclusions: Esophageal mucosal autograft appears to be an efficient approach to reconstructing local esophageal epithelium and might have a potential role in preventing esophageal stricture after widespread endoscopic submucosal dissection. However, as a new technique, it needs more improvement to enhance its role in preventing esophageal stricture after widespread endoscopic submucosal dissection.     

Removable, Fully Covered, Self-expandable Metal Stents for the Treatment of Refractory Benign Esophagogastric Anastomotic Strictures

The use of metal stents for malignant esophageal strictures for palliation is well accepted. However, utilization of metal stents for benign esophageal diseases has been controversial. Given the availability of removable, fully covered, self-expandable metal stents (RFCSEMSs), this study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of RFCSEMSs in patients with refractory benign esophagogastric anastomotic strictures. Twenty-four patients with RFCSEMSs were enrolled in this study. All patients had undergone endoscopic Savary-Gilliard bougie dilatation five times or more but there was no significant improvement in symptoms. For all 24 patients, the symptom of dysphagia was alleviated significantly while the stent was in place and for a short time after stent removal, and dysphagia scores decreased from 3-4 to 0-1. After 12?months of follow-up, 18 patients were free from dysphagia but the other 6 patients still suffered obvious dysphagia. RFCSEMSs are still not perfect and can induce some complications. The treatment failure rate of restenting was remarkably high after the first failure. Given that effective methods for treating refractory stricture have not been found, RFCSEMSs could be considered for treating refractory benign esophagogastric anastomotic stricture.     

Endoscopic management of post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy biliary strictures. Long-term outcome in a multicenter study

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the long term results of long-lasting endoscopic stenting for benign biliary strictures related to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Additional biological and morphological data were collected from these patients during follow-up. METHODS: Patients undergoing ERCP for post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy biliary stricture in one of the three participating centers between 1990 and December 2001 were identified. Only patients with successful endoscopic stenting were subsequently included and analyzed. Follow-up data were obtained from referring centers, general practitioners and patients or relatives. Hepatic blood tests and abdominal ultrasound were proposed to all the patients who had not undergone further treatments after stent removal. RESULTS: Eight-eight patients had undergone ERCP for benign biliary stricture related to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Stenting failed in 19 patients. Balloon dilatation alone was used in four patients. Strictures were successfully stented in 65 patients. The mean number of stents inserted at the same time was 1.6. The mean duration of stenting was 14 months (range 1-120 months). Eighteen patients (28%) developed biliary or pancreatic symptoms during stenting. ERCP was considered satisfactory at the end of stenting (i.e. no remaining stricture or minor remaining change on ERCP) in 45 patients (69%). Twenty-two patients were lost to follow-up. Twenty-nine out of forty-three patients (67%) remained symptom-free with normal updated blood tests and abdominal ultrasound during a mean follow-up of 28 months (range 12-117 months) after stent removal. None of the patients with a normal ERCP at the end of stenting developed stricture recurrence during follow-up. Eleven patients were operated (8 with persistence of stricture, 2 for stricture recurrence up to 63 months after stent removal, 1 for pancreatitis). CONCLUSION: Based on clinical, morphological and biological criteria, a long-term success was obtained in 70% of patients with post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy benign biliary strictures, after several months of endoscopic stenting.     

自体皮片移植术预防食管环周早癌内镜黏膜下隧道剥离术后食管狭窄的临床研究

目的 评价自体皮片移植术预防食管环周早癌内镜黏膜下隧道剥离术（ESTD）后食管狭窄的安全性和有效性。方法 2018年1月至2018年3月,5例食管环周早癌患者于解放军总医院接受ESTD联合自体皮片移植术。术后通过内镜随访,观察皮片生长情况,有无食管狭窄及并发症发生情况。结果 5例患者均成功实施了食管环周早癌ESTD和自体皮片移植术。无食管穿孔、出血、创面感染和支架移位等并发症发生。平均移植皮片成活率为86.0%。4例患者术后平均随访9.5个月,未发生食管狭窄;1例患者术后发生食管狭窄并进行了球囊扩张,术后随访8个月内未再发生狭窄。结论 自体皮片移植术可能是预防食管环周早癌ESTD术后食管狭窄的一种安全且有效的方法。     

Use of self-expandable plastic stents (SEPS) in management of refractory benign esophageal strictures: a single center experience

Back ground

Benign esophageal stricture is a common cause for dysphagia in adults. It can negatively affect the quality of patient’s life and may cause many complications. Benign esophageal strictures are caused by different procedures and disorders, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, post-surgery anastomotic stricture, radiation, ablative therapy or caustic ingestion. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of Polyflex stent insertion in refractory benign esophageal strictures in patients admitted to the endoscopy unit of the Medical Research Institute hospital, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

Patients and methods

Polyflex, self-expandable plastic stent, were inserted in nine patients with refractory benign esophageal strictures with follow-up for 1 year.

Results

Dysphagia was significantly improved in 88% of patients, after insertion of Polyflex stents. Complications reported were one patient with stent migration and 2 patients with esophageal ulceration.

Conclusion

The use of Polyflex stents in the management of benign refractory esophageal strictures appears to be promising with high clinical success rate and few manageable complications.

     

经口内镜下肌切开术治疗7例食管中段憩室的临床观察

探究经口内镜下肌切开术治疗食管中段憩室的有效性与安全性。从前瞻性数据库中回顾性纳入2014年4月—2019年9月在四川大学华西医院接受食管憩室经口内镜下肌切开术（diverticular peroral endoscopic myotomy, D?POEM）治疗食管中段憩室的患者,使用适用于食管中段憩室的改良Eckardt评分系统评估憩室症状的严重程度,从临床成功情况、技术成功情况、并发症及复发情况等方面评价其有效性及安全性。 共纳入7例食管中段憩室患者,D?POEM治疗临床成功7例,技术成功7例,手术用时为16~70 min;2例发生轻微并发症,无严重并发症,无复发;随访时间为2~16个月,改良Eckardt评分患者中位得分由术前3分降至术后0分。初步认为D?POEM确保了正常食管腔与食管憩室之间间隔肌的完全切开,是一种安全有效的治疗食管中段憩室的技术;改良Eckardt评分系统适用于食管中段憩室治疗前后的症状评价。     

Self-expandable metal coil stents in the treatment of benign esophageal strictures refractory to conventional therapy: a case series

BACKGROUND: Benign, refractory esophageal strictures are an important therapeutic challenge. Metallic self-expandable stents developed to treat malignant strictures have occasionally been used in the treatment of benign stenoses. This is a report of the use of 14 esophageal metallic stents in 10 patients with severe benign strictures. METHODS: Ten patients with peptic, post-surgical, or post-radiation esophageal strictures were treated with metallic stents. All patients had previously been treated, unsuccessfully, by endoscopic dilatation. Their strictures, although benign, gave rise to the same problems as malignant ones. RESULTS: In all patients, marked improvement of dysphagia was achieved with the use of metallic stents. They were inserted without early complications except for chest pain in one patient. Late complications were proximal and distal migration (in three patients) and a proximal stricture in one other patient. The best results were achieved in post-radiation strictures. CONCLUSIONS: Metallic stents can be considered as a therapeutic alternative in selected patients with severe benign esophageal strictures refractory to conventional treatment.     

可拆出机织型捆绑式食管支架预防碱烧伤食管疤痕狭窄

目的 :研究置入可拆出机织型捆绑式食管支架能否预防和治疗碱烧伤所致的腐蚀性食管炎疤痕狭窄。方法 :2 4例消化道碱烧伤患者 ,经食管扩张后置入可拆出机织型捆绑式食管支架 ,4周后拆除食管支架 ,每 3个月定期随访患者的症状及胃镜检查。结果 :支架置入成功率 10 0 % ,2 0例患者能进食普食 ,4例进食半流 ,4周后拆除食管支架 ,当时显效 2 0例 ,有效 4例 ,总有效率 10 0 % ,随访观察 18～ 2 4个月 ,随访结果用Kaplan Meier法统计分析 ,发现只有大约 30 %的患者在日后需要行食管扩张治疗 ,其中大部分是发生在拆除食管支架后的 12～ 18个月。结论 :置入可拆出机织型捆绑式食管支架可预防和治疗碱烧伤后食管疤痕狭窄 ,与单纯食管扩张疗法比较 ,可明显减少患者术后再次进行食管扩张治疗的发生率。