外伤性迟发性颅内血肿34例诊疗体会

由于ＣＴ扫描的方便快捷被广泛应用于颅脑外伤患者 ,人们对迟发性颅内血肿的认识和报道逐渐增多。我科自 1992年4月至 1999年 12月共收治 34例 ,现报告如下 :1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　共 34例 ,男 2 6例 ,女 8例 ,年龄 18～ 6 5岁 ,平均 34 5岁。致伤原因 :交通事故 2 4例 ,摔伤 6例 ,坠落伤和打击伤各 2例。发现迟发性血肿时间 :48ｈ内 2 5例 ,最长一例于伤后 15ｄ发现。硬脑膜外 2 0例 ,硬脑膜下 9例 (其中 3例伴有脑内小血肿 ) ,脑内血肿 5例 ,血肿量 10ｍｌ～ 10 0ｍｌ。1 2　临床表现　患者伤后均有不同程度的意识障碍 ,入院查体 :Ｇ…     

颅后窝血肿26例临床分析

近 10年来 ,由于ＣＴ的普及使颅后窝血肿病人得到了及时诊治 ,我院收治 2 6例 ,报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　男 2 1例 ,女 5例。年龄 19～ 68岁 ,平均 5 3 5岁。车祸伤 7例 ,枕部直接暴力 16例 ,坠落伤 3例。伴对冲性脑挫伤 2例 ,对冲性硬脑膜下薄层 (0 5～ 0 8ｃｍ)血肿 3例 ,原发性脑干损伤 5例 ,单纯幕下硬膜外血肿 19例 ,硬膜外骑跨性血肿 7例。伤后 1～ 3ｈ入院 2 2例 ,3～ 12ｈ入院 4例。均为急性血肿 ,出血量 15～ 3 0ｍｌ。1 2　临床表现　均有枕部头皮挫伤、肿胀、皮下瘀血或乳突部皮下瘀血 ,伤后立即处于深昏迷 17例 …     

急性颅内血肿术后并发脑梗死17例报告

我院自 1996 0 1～ 2 0 0 1 8共收治急性颅内血肿术后并发脑梗死的病人 17例 ,现报告如下 :1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 17例 ,男 15例 ,女 2例 ;年龄 16～ 72岁 ,平均 43 2岁。致伤原因 :交通事故伤 12例 ,打击伤 3例 ,意外跌伤 2例。临床表现 :入院距受伤时间 1～ 19ｈ ,平均 14 7ｈ。伤后均有不同程度的意识障碍。ＧＣＳ评分 :3～ 5分者 2例 ,6～ 8分者 13例 ,9分以上者 2例。瞳孔一侧散大者 11例 ,两侧散大者 1例。肢体偏瘫者 15例 ,肢体强直者 2例。1 2　手术情况　本组病人就诊时急行ＣＴ检查 ,均示有颅内出血。其中硬膜外血肿 …     

老年脑挫裂伤致迟发性脑内血肿46例临床分析

老年人脑挫裂伤发展致迟发性脑内血肿是严重的并发症 ,死亡率高。是否所有的脑挫裂伤都会发展成脑内血肿 ,我们通过对 46例老年脑挫裂伤患者的分析 ,现报告如下 :1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 46例 ,男 3 7例 ,女 9例 ;年龄 5 0～ 86岁 ,平均 63 1岁。致伤原因 :交通事故 2 9例 ,跌伤 12例 ,打击伤 5例。1 2　临床表现　伤后有原发昏迷 2 1例 ,继发昏迷 2 8例 ,有轻度意识障碍 13例 ,始终神志清醒 5例。并发硬膜外血肿及硬膜下血肿行手术治疗 19例。 46例在幕上均有不同程度的脑内血肿 ,时间为伤后 15～ 78ｈ ,而伤后 2 4～ 48ｈ内发现 …     

外伤性基底节区血肿16例治疗体会

我院自 2 0 0 0 0 1～ 2 0 0 3 0 4共收治外伤性基底节区血肿 16例 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 16例 ,男 14例 ,女 2例。年龄 46～ 80岁 ,平均 63 1岁。致伤原因 :交通事故 10例 ,意外跌伤 5例 ,打击伤 1例。1 2　临床表现　就诊时间为伤后 1～ 2 6h。伤后有原发昏迷 10例 ,继发昏迷 2例 ,神志清醒 4例。其中原发昏迷中有 6例昏迷时间不超过 0 5h ;14例一侧肢体有不同程度偏瘫 ,其中 4例为逐渐发展而来。入院后均行CT检查 ,证实为基底节区血肿 ,均为一侧 ,血肿量在 10～ 5 5ml ,中线最多偏移 1 5cm。1 3　治疗及结果…     

重型颅脑外伤后低血钾症

作者报告46例重型颅脑外伤后明显低血钾症患者的临床观察结果。材料和方法:伤后4小时内入院、Glasgow 昏迷评分≤7分的仅有头部伤患者,平均年龄19岁,均于急诊室行气管插管,过度换气,维持Pco_2在25～30torr,并行CT 脑扫描。测定患者血电解质、血糖、脲素氮、尿钠、尿钾及血气分析。凡血钾≤3.5mmol 者,静滴含0.2%～0.3%氯化钾的晶体液补充。手术10例,其中凹陷性骨折4例,硬脑膜外血肿5例,硬脑膜下血肿1例。治疗结果:19例死于原发脑损伤,植物生存4例,重残12例,轻     

外伤性侧裂区域脑挫裂伤36例临床分析

对 1993年 8月至 1998年 8月收住的 36例经头颅ＣＴ检查证实的外伤性侧裂区域脑挫伤病人作回顾分析 ,对其伤后临床表现 ,发病机理 ,临床治疗进行探讨。临床资料1.一般资料 :男 2 0例 ,女 16例 ,年龄 5～ 6 0岁 ,平均 37岁 ,致伤原因 :交通事故伤 2 1例 ,坠落伤 9例 ,打击伤 6例 ,受伤至入院时间 1～ 4 8小时。2 .脑伤部位 :以外侧裂血管区为主 ,挫伤灶2～ 5ｃｍ大小 ,ＣＴ中线移位 0 5ｃｍ以内 2 0例 ,0 5～ 1 0ｃｍ 6例。 1 0～ 1 2ｃｍ 10例。挫伤灶位于左侧19例 ,右侧 17例 ,其中伴有额叶挫伤 8例 ,顶叶7例 ,合并硬脑膜下血肿 17例 ,硬…     

迟发性外伤性颅内血肿21例诊疗体会

我科自 1996 0 4～ 2 0 0 2 0 9共诊治病人 2 1例 ,现报告如下 :1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组男 16例 ,女 5例 ,年龄 5～ 72岁 ,平均3 2 5岁 ;受伤方式 :车祸伤 11例 ,坠落伤 7例 ,斗殴伤 2例 ,原因不明 1例。发现迟发性血肿时间最短于术中 ,最长伤后8d ,其中伤后 2 4h内 10例 ,2 4～ 72h 8例 ,72h～ 8d 3例。1 2　临床表现　伤后有原发昏迷者 18例 ,GCS≤ 8分 15例 ,GCS 9～ 12分 4例 ,GCS 13～ 15分 2例 ,一侧瞳孔散大 11例 ,两侧瞳孔散大 3例 ,偏瘫 9例 ,有脑膜刺激征 2例 ,刺激四肢无反应 3例 ,合并脑脊液漏 1例。1 3　CT检查…     

微创性颅内血肿粉碎穿刺术治疗高血压脑出血42例报告

高血压脑出血为临床常见病 ,起病急 ,病情重 ,病死率高。我院于 1999 0 4～ 2 0 0 1 10 ,利用引进的ＹＬ— 1型一次性颅内血肿粉碎针穿刺术 ,治疗高血压脑出血患者 42例 ,取得满意疗效 ,现报告如下 :1　资料与方法1 1　一般资料　本组 42例 ,男 2 8例 ,女 14例 ,3 8例有高血压病史 ,病程 2～ 12年 ;年龄 48～ 76岁 ,平均 61岁 ;就诊时间 2 4ｈ内 3 1例 ,72ｈ内 7例 ,72ｈ以上 4例 ;发病到手术时间最短 3ｈ ,最长 7ｄ ;其中 2 4ｈ内手术者 2 7例 ,占 64 2 %。1 2　临床表现　 42例均急性起病 ,有头痛、呕吐、意识改变、偏瘫等表现。入院时意…     

急性颅内血肿术后并发迟发性血肿32例治疗分析

我院自 1999 0 2～ 2 0 0 1 12间进行急性颅内血肿手术 2 5 6例 ,其中术后并发迟发性血肿 32例 ,发生率 13 2 %。现综合有关文献讨论分析如下。1　临床资料本组 32例 ,男 2 3例 ,女 9例 ,年龄 2 2～ 6 8岁。损伤原因 :交通事故伤 18例 ,高处坠落及意外伤 9例 ,其他原因损伤 5例。入院时GCS评分 :3～ 5分 11例 ,6～ 8分 16例 ,9～ 12分 5例。其中一侧瞳孔散大者 16例 ,两侧瞳孔散大者 2例。伤后 6h内急诊头颅CT检查发现 :急性硬膜外血肿 8例 ,硬膜下血肿和脑内血肿 18例 ,脑挫裂伤合并脑内血肿 6例。入院后均立即实施颅内血肿清除术 ,其中…     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Presence and severity of anorexia and bulimia among male and female Omani and non-Omani adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The population of Oman is a heterogeneous mix of nationalities providing a natural setting for studying the cross-cultural differences in the presence and severity of eating disorders as well as an opportunity for evaluating the performance of measurement instruments for these disorders. METHOD: Disordered eating screening instruments (the Eating Attitude Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test) were administered to Omani teenagers, non-Omani teenagers, and Omani adults. RESULTS: On the Eating Attitude Test, 33% of Omani teenagers (29.4% females and 36.4% males) and 9% of non-Omani teenagers (7.5% of males and 10.6% females) showed a propensity for anorexic-like behavior. On the Bulimic Investigatory Test, 12.3% of Omani teenagers showed a propensity for binge eating or bulimia (13.7% females and 10.9% males). Among the non-Omani teenagers, 18.4% showed a tendency toward bulimia, with females showing a slightly greater tendency than males. In contrast, barely 2% of Omani adults showed either a presence of or a severity of disorderly behavior with food. CONCLUSION: Omani teenagers scored significantly higher than other ethnic groups and Omani adults. This finding is discussed in the light of emerging evidence from many parts of the world suggesting that cultural transition, compounded by demographic constraints, plays a significant role in abnormal eating attitudes.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

Abstract

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Micro-affirmations and Recovery for Persons with Mental Health and Alcohol and Drug Problems: User and Professional Experience-Based Practice and Knowledge

Recurrent factors contributing to a recovery process from co-occurring mental health and addiction problems mentioned by users and professionals have been analyzed as part of working alliances and helpful relationships. Still, we lack knowledge about how helpful relationships are developed in daily practice. In this article, we focus on the concrete construction of professional helpful relationships. Forty persons in recovery and fifteen professionals were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed according to thematic analysis, resulting in three themes presented as paradoxes (1) My own decision, but with the help of others; (2) The need for structures and going beyond them; and (3) Small trivial things of great importance. Micro-affirmations have a central role in creating helpful relationships by confirming the individuals involved as more than solely users or professionals. More attention and appreciation should be paid to practices involving micro-affirmations.

     

Opiate and digitalis receptor assays distinguish between neuroexcitant and inactive organochlorines and between anesthetics and convulsants

Specific binding of [3H]naloxone to rat brain tissue in vitro was inhibited by the excitant organochlorinated insecticides (OCI), by ether (E) and octanol (OCT), and by the convulsant indoklon (IND) and its anesthetic isomer, isoindoklon (ISO). In the presence of 100 mM NaCl the inhibition of naloxone binding by E, OCT and ISO was greatly potentiated, whereas that by OCI and IND was attenuated. KCl (100 mM) was equally effective as NaCl on the action of anesthetics, but the effect of the excitant drugs was, in contrast to NaCl, unaffected by KCl. Specific binding of [3H]ouabain in the absence of Na, was depressed by anesthetics and enhanced by neuroexcitants. In the presence of NaCl, which by itself inhibits ouabain binding to brain, both anesthetics and excitants enhanced ouabain binding. DDE, a non-insecticidal analog of DDT, and the dimethyl derivative of the OCI, lindane, were inactive in the receptor assays. These observations point to a unique isolated system which responds consistently to anesthetic agents as a class and, in a different way, to neuroexcitant compounds.