乳管镜在乳腺导管内肿瘤诊断及治疗中的应用

目的：评价乳管镜在乳腺导管内肿瘤临床诊治中的作用及应用价值。方法：我科2013年1月－2014年6月经门诊乳管镜诊治乳头溢液患者共1709人次,其中诊断为乳腺导管内肿瘤患者123例,在我科行手术治疗患者105人,回顾性分析其术前诊断、术后病检及治疗过程。结果：123例患者在乳管镜下见乳腺导管内肿瘤样病变,105人行病变导管及所属腺叶部分切除术,术后病检85例确诊为乳腺导管内乳头状瘤,5例确诊为乳腺导管内原位癌,3例确诊为乳腺浸润性导管癌,12例确诊为乳腺囊肿等其他良性病变。结论：乳管镜可早期发现乳腺导管内肿瘤,是诊治及手术定位的重要辅助手段。     

乳管内乳头状瘤的现代诊治--附89例报告

目的研究纤维乳管内视镜诊断乳管内乳头状瘤的价值及合理的治疗模式.方法分析我院1996年8月-2001年12月不同方法诊治的乳管内乳头状瘤89例,总结乳头状瘤的诊断、易发部位、定位方法以及治疗评价.结果乳管内乳头状瘤表现以血性及浆液性溢液最常见,占98.7%,1、2级导管多发,占88.6%.纤维乳管内视镜检查乳头状瘤有特征性图象,诊断准确率可达91.7%,可以术前定位病变.导管和区段切除治疗效果满意.结论乳管内视镜是目前导管内乳头状瘤的最佳检查手段,治疗有向微创手术发展的趋势.     

乳管内视镜检查1 337例乳头溢液患者误诊原因分析

回顾分析1998年10月~2005年8月1337例乳管内视镜检查(fiberoptic ductoscopy,FDS)临床病理资料,其中478例经手术得到病理结果。分析结果显示,不同导管内病变在乳管镜下各有特征,但图象特征有重叠区域,易导致误诊;乳管内视镜对导管内乳头状瘤、乳头状瘤病和乳腺癌的病理诊断符合率分别为94·5%、88%和93·6%。回顾性研究结果提示,乳管内视镜对乳头溢液有较高的诊断符合率,但还须结合其他方法进一步提高其诊断价值。     

The distribution of carcinoembryonic antigen in breast carcinoma. Diagnostic and prognostic implications

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been shown to be a useful tumor marker in patients with breast carcinoma. The unlabeled antibody immunoperoxidase technique was used to localize CEA in 93 cases of primary breast carcinoma, 15 cases of atypical duct papillomatosis, and 4 cases of duct papilloma. Normal breast epithelium and breast epithelium in fibrocystic disease did not stain positively for CEA. Twenty-four of 27 (88%) intraductal carcinomas, and 47 of 69 (68%) infiltrating duct carcinomas were CEA positive. In contrast, only 5 of 21 (23%) in situ lobular carcinomas and 8 of 24 (33%) infiltrating lobular carcinomas were positive for CEA. All 15 cases of atypical epithelial papillomatosis were negative, whereas 1 of the 4 cases of duct papilloma exhibited microscopic foci of weak CEA positivity. There was a trend for infiltrating duct carcinomas, 3 cm in diameter or smaller, staining strongly positive for CEA, to be associated with synchronous axillary lymph node metastases (P = 0.09). Tumor heterogeneity was a constant feature of CEA staining with positivity varying from region to region and even from cell to cell. Positive immunohistochemical staining for CEA may play an adjunctive role in discriminating intraductal carcinoma from atypical papillary ductal proliferations.     

Distribution of myoepithelial cells and basement membrane proteins in the normal breast and in benign and malignant breast diseases

An immunocytochemical method for fixed and paraffin-embedded human breast biopsies is reported for the detection of myoepithelial and epithelial cells using antibodies to myosin and keratin, respectively, and of basement membranes using antibodies to laminin and type IV collagen. Using these markers, myoepithelial cells can be clearly distinguished in the normal breast and in the benign breast diseases sclerosing adenosis, epitheliosis, and fibroadenoma. In sclerosing adenosis, myoepithelial cells form a major cellular component. A stromally derived spindle cell is identified which stains with myosin but not with keratin antibodies (myofibroblast). These cells are seen in one-fifth of the fibroadenomas. Although cells staining with myosin antibodies are seen in the infiltrating component of all 18 carcinomas examined, elongated cells staining with both myosin and keratin antibodies (myoepithelial-like) are seen in only one infiltrating carcinoma where they are interposed at the stromal-epithelial junction of the infiltrating tumor cells. In contrast to the situation in benign breast diseases, mature myoepithelial cells form a very minor component of the majority of infiltrating ductal carcinomas. Basement membrane proteins, laminin, and type IV collagen are present in normal breast, benign breast disease, and grade I infiltrating ductal carcinomas but are absent in carcinomas of grades II and III.     

The ABO(H) cell surface antigens in carcinoma and benign lesions of the breast

The ABO(H) cell surface antigens of 13 breast carcinomas and 17 benign breast lesions were tested with a specific red cell adherence assay (SRCA). All 13 breat carcinomas, including 2 lobular carcinomas in situ and 1 noninfiltrating ductal carcinoma, had lost their ABO(H) surface antigens. Fourteen of 17 benign breast lesions had retained their ABO(H) surface antigens. The benign lesions losing their antigens were 1 case each of atypical intraductal hyperplasia, sclerosing adenosis, and intraductal papilloma. SRCA may be a predictor of which benign breast lesions are in fact premalignant.     

Intraductal biopsy for diagnosis and treatment of intraductal lesions of the breast

BACKGROUND: Bloody nipple discharge is a significant clue in the detection of ductal carcinoma of the breast. In the past, pathologic diagnoses were obtained exclusively via excision, but recently developed mammoscopic techniques have been found to yield valuable information relating to the diagnosis of intraductal lesions. METHODS: Mammary duct endoscopy (i.e., mammoscopy) was performed a combined total of 407 times for 295 patients who experienced nipple discharge. Intraductal breast biopsy (IDBB) under mammoscopic observation was performed in 193 intraductal papillomas (from a total of 107 patients) and 30 ductal carcinomas (from a total of 27 patients); IDBB was performed a combined total of 36 times in the 27 patients who had breast carcinoma and yielded 21 diagnostic specimens (58.3%). In addition, the therapeutic value of IDBB was assessed in 70 patients with intraductal papilloma who had undergone more than 3 years of follow-up; these 70 patients harbored a combined total of 75 intraductal papillomas. RESULTS: IDBB correctly identified the presence of carcinoma in 9 of 27 patients (33.3%); 7 other lesions (25.9%) were placed in the suspected carcinoma (i.e., atypical papillary lesion) category, and 5 (18.5%) were identified as intraductal papillomas. Using IDBB, it was difficult to collect diagnostic specimens from patients with breast carcinoma, because of the location and weak tissue cohesiveness of these lesions compared with intraductal papillomas. The 193 intraductal biopsies performed on intraductal papillomas yielded only 20 specimens that were insufficient for diagnosis. IDBB exhibited therapeutic efficacy in 54 of 70 patients with intraductal papilloma (77.6%) who had more than 3 years of clinical follow-up. Therapeutic results tended to be less favorable for patients who had intraductal lesions in multiple duct lobular units. CONCLUSIONS: Mammoscopy can contribute not only to the diagnosis of cases of nipple discharge but also to the treatment of intraductal papilloma.     

Fiberoptic ductoscopy for patients with nipple discharge

BACKGROUND: Breast carcinoma and precancer are thought to start in the lining of the milk duct or lobule, yet until recently, we have not had direct access to this area other than by blindly removing tissue by core biopsy or fine-needle aspiration. Fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS) is an emerging technique allowing direct visual access to the ductal system of the breast through nipple orifice exploration. METHODS: We applied ductoscopy to 259 women who had nipple discharge, and we analyzed the visual findings, the cytological washings, and the subsequent histopathology. RESULTS: In 92 (36%) of these women, fiberoptic ductoscopy was successful in detecting an intraductal papillary lesion. Of these observed lesions, 68 (74%) were single papilloma, 21 (23%) were multiple discrete papillomas, and 3 (3%) were diffuse intraductal thickening which corresponded to diffuse papillomatosis on histopathological analysis. The overall positive predictive value of FDS screening was 83%. Of the lesions observed, 29.8% were located in the main (segmental) duct, 43.9% lesions in the first branch, 17.5% lesions in the second branch, 7.9% in the third branch, and 0.9% in the fourth branch. These lesions had an overall average distance of 2.7 cm from the nipple orifice. Ductal washings performed at the time of ductoscopy were effective at obtaining representative exfoliated ductal cells which could be evaluated for the presence of clumps (> 50 cells), clumps with atypia or single ductal cells. The presence of clumps with positive FDS increased the positive predictive value to 86%. CONCLUSIONS: Fiberoptic ductoscopy currently offers a safe alternative to ductography in guiding subsequent breast surgery in the treatment of nipple discharge.     

A utility of ductography and fiberoptic ductoscopy for patients with nipple discharge

Background. Breast carcinoma and precancer are thought to start in the lining of the milk duct or lobule. While ductography has been advocated as the main procedure in patients with nipple discharge, fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS) is an emerging technique allowing direct visual access to the ductal system of the breast through nipple orifice exploration. Methods. We applied ductography and FDS to 65 women who had nipple discharge, and compared their utility. Results. Intraductal lesions occurred in the segmental duct and the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth branches in decreasing frequency with ductography and FDS screening. The detection rates of intraductal abnormal lesions by ductography and FDS and the their combination were 89.1 (37 patients), 97.4 (38 patients), and 97.5% (39 patients) respectively. Ductal washings performed during FDS were effective to obtain representative exfoliated ductal cells which could be evaluated (sensitivity 50%, specificity 94.3%, and diagnostic accuracy 89.7%). As a result, we diagnosed 35 cases of benign lesions and four cases of malignant lesions by cytological or/and histological examination. Conclusion. Ductography and fiberoptic ductoscopy are useful procedure in guiding subsequent breast surgery in the treatment of nipple discharge.     

Frozen Section Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

In Savonlinna Central Hospital, Southeastern Finland, 371 frozen section examinations were made from September 1981 to December 1986 to detect breast cancer. There was one false positive diagnosis (0.7%) among the 147 lesions interpreted as carcinoma. Among the 224 biopsies, which were benign on frozen section investigation, four showed carcinoma in paraffin sections (1.8%). Thus, the diagnostic sensitivity of frozen section method was 97.3% (146/150) and the clinical diagnostic specificity 99.5% (220/221) when the diagnosis in the paraffin sections was used as reference. In the four false negative cases the tumour was small and limited to the breast without any evidence of metastases. Two of them were ductal carcinomas, one was microinvasive lobular carcinoma, and one intraductal non-invasive papillary carcinoma. The false positive case had benign intraductal papillomatosis. Our results suggest that the probability of a false diagnosis in frozen section examination increases with diminishing size of the lesion. We suggest that small lesions (less than 1 cm in diameter, or non-palpable) should not be subjected to frozen section examination to avoid unnecessary loss of neoplastic tissue during the preparation process. Instead surgically radical lumpectomy and careful investigation of paraffin-embedded tissue are recommended.     

Influence of infiltrating lobular histology on local tumor control in breast cancer patients treated with conservative surgery and radiotherapy

To determine the influence of infiltrating lobular histology on local tumor control, the authors studied 49 patients with Stages I and II infiltrating lobular breast carcinoma treated by limited excision of the tumor and radiotherapy between 1968 and 1981 (median follow-up, 75 months). Results were compared with those in 561 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma similarly treated during the same period. The 5-year actuarial risk of local recurrence was similar for patients with infiltrating lobular or ductal carcinoma when the latter was evaluated as a single group (12% versus 11%). However, the 12% 5-year actuarial local recurrence risk for patients with infiltrating lobular carcinoma was intermediate between that for patients with infiltrating ductal carcinomas with an extensive intraductal component (23%) and those without an extensive intraductal component (5%). The pattern of recurrence in the breast was similar in the infiltrating lobular and ductal groups. All recurrences in patients with infiltrating lobular carcinoma and 80% of recurrences in the infiltrating ductal group occurred in the vicinity of the primary tumor (P = not significant). None of the clinical or morphologic features examined significantly influenced the risk of local recurrence in patients with infiltrating lobular carcinoma. The authors conclude that combined conservative surgery and radiotherapy appear to be a reasonable treatment option for patients with infiltrating lobular carcinoma, but further follow-up will be required to confirm these results.     

乳头溢液的影像学诊断

目的：评价乳腺导管造影和钼靶X线平片摄影在乳头溢液患者诊断中的临床价值。方法：回顾性分析50例乳头溢液患者的钼靶X线检查资料，所有病例均经临床检查，钼靶X线平片摄影、乳腺导管造影检查及病理学检查确诊。结果：良性病变47例，其中乳腺导管内乳头状瘤35例，乳腺囊性增生病7例，导管扩张5例；乳腺导管癌3例；乳头溢液伴肿块者19例。乳腺钼靶X线平片摄影发现14例乳头溢液伴肿块者X线表现异常，乳腺导管造影发现导管内乳头状瘤28例（28／35），乳腺增生病2例（2／7），导管扩张症4例（4／5），乳腺导管癌1例（1／3）。结论：乳腺导管造影用于诊断乳腺导管系统疾病较为准确可靠，乳腺钼靶X线平片摄影对乳头溢液的诊断价值不大，一定条件下两者可联合应用。     

Estrogen and progesterone receptors in human breast cancer. Correlation with histologic subtype and degree of differentiation

Microscopic review of 490 consecutive human breast biopsy and mastectomy specimens were correlated with estrogen and progesterone receptor content of the tissue, by subtype and degree of differentiation. Of the 4 grades of differentiation, the less differentiated Grade III and IV tumors showed significantly lower levels of estrogen and progesterone receptors in infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma (P less than 0.001). In contrast, patients with medullary carcinoma had the lowest tissue levels of estrogen and progesterone receptors with approximately 80% of the cases with less than 10 fmol/mg protein. Patients with mucinous carcinoma had the highest percentages of positive estrogen and progesterone receptor levels (75% and 87%, respectively). Sixty-three percent of the patients with Grade IV infiltrating ductal carcinoma were younger than 53 years of age (P less than 0.001). Patients younger than 53 years of age with Grade II and III infiltrating ductal carcinoma also had significantly lower levels of estrogen receptors, but not of progesterone receptors, than those patients older than 53 years of age (P less than 0.001). Nineteen of 20 "normal" breast tissue specimens were negative (less than 3 fmol/mg protein) for estrogen and progesterone receptors. About 50% of 17 tissue specimens from benign breast lesions (fibroadenoma, fibrocystic disease, sclerosing adenosis) showed positive estrogen (greater than 10 fmol/mg protein) or progesterone receptor values. In two patients with gynecomastia, no estrogen or progesterone receptors were detectable.     

Nuclear morphometry of benign and malignant breast lesions

The mean nuclear area (MNA) of mammary gland epithelium was measured in 403 breast specimens, comprising 239 invasive carcinomas, 49 carcinomas in situ, 45 cases of fibrocystic disease (f.c.d.) with intraductal epithelial hyperplasia, and 60 cases of f.c.d. without intraductal hyperplasia. Normal breast tissue adjacent to other benign or malignant lesions was measured in 170 specimens. Statistical analysis revealed no difference between the MNA of invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ. The MNA of lobular and ductal carcinomas were significantly different. Significant differences were also found between ductal carcinoma and the two classes of f.c.d. The MNA of f.c.d. with and without intraductal hyperplasia were also significantly different, the former having the highest MNA. All breast lesions showed MNA significantly higher than that of normal breast epithelium. These findings show that there is a gradual increase in MNA from the baseline value of normal breast epithelium, via fibrocystic disease without and with intraductal proliferation to invasive carcinomas. Measurement of MNA may aid in pinpointing cases of intraductal epithelial hyperplasia with malignant potential.     

Mammary lesions diagnosed as "papillary" by aspiration biopsy: 70 cases with follow-up

BACKGROUND: The authors reviewed smears from fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) diagnosed as "papillary lesions" and correlated the cytologic findings with the final diagnoses at excision. The objective of the current study was to determine the accuracy of FNAB diagnosis of a papillary lesion in distinguishing true papillary from nonpapillary proliferations and to evaluate cytologic criteria for the distinction of papillomas from true papillary malignancies and their cytologic look-alikes. METHODS: The cytopathology database at the New York University Medical Center was searched for women who underwent surgical excision after a breast FNAB diagnosis of a papillary lesion. The FNAB smears and corresponding slides from excisional biopsies were reviewed. The smears were evaluated and graded for the following features: cellularity, architecture, presence of fibrovascular cores, single cells, columnar cells, cellular atypia, myoepithelial cells, foamy histiocytes, and apocrine cells. The F test was used to determine the statistical significance of differences between true benign papillary lesions (papilloma) and adenocarcinomas (in situ and invasive). RESULTS: At the time of excision, 46 (66 %) cases were benign (23 solitary intraductal papillomas, 6 intraductal papillomatosis, 11 examples of fibrocystic change, and 6 fibroadenomas) and 24 (34 %) were malignant (1 low-grade phyllodes tumor [PT], 23 ductal in situ and invasive carcinomas). Of the 23 carcinomas, 3 (13 %) were classified as benign papillary lesions on FNAB and 19 (86 %) were classified as either atypical or suspicious. One case of low- grade PT originally was classified as benign on FNAB. There were four false-negative diagnoses; two were due to sampling and two to interpretative errors. A portion of the lesions classified as papillary were fibroadenomas and examples of fibrocystic change on excision and all of these were correctly classified as benign on FNAB. Of the histologically proven papillomas, 62% were correctly classified as benign on FNAB and none were designated as being positive for malignancy. Statistically significant features of distinction between papillomas and carcinomas included cellularity (P = 0.016), cellular atypia (P = 0.0053), and the presence of cytologically bland columnar cells (P = 0.04). Low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (cribriform and micropapillary types) and tubular carcinoma represented the most difficult differential diagnostic problems. CONCLUSIONS: A significant portion of lesions displaying a papillary pattern on FNAB are nonpapillary on follow-up. Among benign processes, fibrocystic change and fibroadenoma may closely simulate papilloma on cytology. However, in spite of the overlapping features of true papillary lesions and their cytologic look-alikes, the majority can be classified accurately into benign or atypical (and above) categories by FNAB. Lesions that fall short of a definitive benign diagnosis should be placed into an indeterminate category. This approach will guide the surgeon to provide better patient management.     

乳腺导管内乳头状瘤及其癌变组织CD44v6蛋白表达的研究

背景与目的：CD44v6是乳腺上皮恶性转化中的一个重要成分,在乳腺良恶性病变中有不同的表达,但其在良恶性病变的鉴别诊断中的价值并没有得到很好和研究,本研究目的是检测CD44v6在乳腺导管内乳头状瘤及导管内乳头状瘤癌变组织中的表达,探讨CD44v6在乳腺导管内乳头状瘤诊断及鉴别诊断中的作用。方法：对49例导管内乳头状瘤,12例导管内乳头状瘤癌变,15例导管内癌,15例浸润性导管癌及20例正常乳腺组织的石蜡切片进行免疫组织化学染色。结果：在正常组织,导管内乳头状瘤,乳头状瘤癌变,导管内癌,浸润性导管癌中,肌上皮细胞（basal epithelial cell)的CD44v6蛋白表达阳性（＋＋／＋＋＋）率分别为95．00％,85。72％,66。66％,66。66％,0％,导管内乳头状瘤与乳头状瘤癌变之间无统计学差异（P＞0．05）,而上此细胞（luminal epithelial cell)的CD44v6蛋白表达阳性（＋＋／＋＋＋）率分别为5．00％,83．34％,93．33％,100％,导管内乳头状瘤与乳头状瘤癌变之间有统计学差异（P＜0．01）,结论：通过免疫组化检测CD44v6蛋白表达对诊断导管内乳头状瘤是否癌变具有重要参考价值。     

Atypical cystic lobule of the breast: An early stage of low-grade ductal carcinomain-situ

The authors describe the characteristics of atypical cystic lobules (ACLs), which represent a step in the formation of low-grade ductal carcinoma in-situ. The authors define ACLs as a proliferation of luminal cells showing low-grade cytological atypia without architectural atypia. ACLs were compared with conventional hyperplasia, low-grade ductal carcinoma in-situ, and lobular neoplasia. 1) In about 40% of the cases, atypical cystic lobules merged with fully established micropapillary/cribriform ductal carcinoma in-situ. 2) Immunohistochemical staining for hormone receptors, keratin nineteen, and cyclin D1 revealed that atypical cystic lobules demonstrate a consistent immunophenotype, which differs from that of normal lobules and benign lesions and matches the one of low-grade ductal carcinoma in-situ. 3) ACLs are sometimes calcified. Osteopontin-positive histiocytes infiltrated all Kossa-positive (type II microcalcification) cribriform and comedo-type carcinomas and ACLs. The similarities in cytological and immunohistochemical features, the close proximity of the two types of proliferation, and the similarities with respect to calcification suggest that atypical cystic lobules represent an early stage in the formation of certain types of low-grade ductal carcinoma in-situ.     

Preoperative localization and surgical approach in 344 cases of non-palpable breast lesions

From June 1985 to August 1989, 344 cases of mammographic non-palpable breast lesions were operated on at the National Cancer Institute in Milan. The mammographic findings consisted of clusters of microcalcifications in 162 cases (42.1%), suspicious opacities with irregular borders in 116 cases (37.7%) and opacities containing microcalcifications in 66 cases (19.2%). The mean age of the patients was 51 years (range 31-77 years). In all patients localization was performed 1 day before the operation, introducing a self-retaining anchor wire into the mammary parenchyma. The histological findings showed benign breast disease in 184 cases (53.4%); proliferative dysplasia without atypia in 150 cases (81.5%); proliferative dysplasia with atypia in 22 cases (12%); fibroadenoma in nine and papilloma in three cases. Of 160 patients with carcinoma, 37 had non-infiltrating carcinoma: 28 of these cases (17.5%) had non-infiltrating ductal carcinoma and nine cases (5.6%) had lobular carcinoma in situ. In the 123 cases with infiltrating breast cancer the histological types were ductal infiltrating carcinoma (32.5%), lobular infiltrating carcinoma (9.8%), and 34.1% of the cases an associated or prevalent intraductal carcinoma was found. In 138 cases (85.6%) a conservative surgical procedure (quadrantectomy or more limited excision) was done, and in 22 (14.4%) cases a total mastectomy was necessary because of the extent of the disease. Axillary dissection was performed in 116 of the 123 patients with histological invasive carcinoma. Nodal metastases were found in 24 cases (20.7%), and only one node was involved in nine of the cases (37.5%), two to three nodes in nine cases (37.5%) and four to ten nodes in six cases (25%).     

Possible cancerous change of intraductal papillomas of the breast. A 3-D reconstruction study of 25 cases

Surgical specimens from 25 patients with intraductal papilloma were subjected to 3-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction studies of their mammary ducts. Papillomas of the multiple type (15 cases) always originated in the terminal duct lobular units (TDLU), whereas all papillomas of the solitary type (10 cases) originated in the large ducts except for one. In 6 of the 25 (24%) patients ductal carcinomas were accidentally found during specimen reconstruction. Two of the six patients harbored microscopic carcinoma as small as 3 mm or less. Three-D reconstructions revealed that carcinomas with multifocal origins in the TDLUs were connected with peripheral papilloma. Papilloma preceding carcinoma was of the multiple type in five patients, and of the solitary type in one. This study also showed that 6 of the 16 (37.5%) patients with papilloma originating in the periphery had carcinomas, whereas none of the nine patients originating in the center did. This observation strongly suggests that the peripheral papilloma is highly susceptible to cancerous change.     

Intraductal approach to the detection of intraductal lesions of the breast

Bloody nipple discharge is a clue in the detection of ductal carcinoma of the breast that do not display a mass. Since sensitivity of discharge cytology is not sufficiently high and mammary ductendoscopy (MS) contributes to the diagnosis of intraductal lesions. We set out to determine whether the intraductal approach is effective for detection of ductal carcinoma. We performed 445 MS procedure in 323 patients who had nipple discharge but no overt mass. The diagnostic accuracy rates of discharge cytology and intraductal breast biopsy (IDBB) were studied in detecting malignancy. The therapeutic value of IDBB for intraductal papillomas was studied in 73 patients. Out of 323 patients, 80 had breast cancer and 155 had intraductal papilloma. MS detected intraductal tumors in 47 cases (58.8%). IDBB was performed in 35 of these 47 cases. The sensitivity was 37.1% by touch cytology, 68.6% by IDBB, and 82.8% by directed ductal lavage cytology. Of the 73 intraductal papilloma patients who were followed for more than 3 years, the therapeutic effectiveness of IDBB was recognized in 57 (78.1%). Directed ductal lavage cytology was the most sensitive method in detecting malignancy. MS and IDBB were benefit in the treatment of intraductal papilloma.