抽动秽语综合征患者的智力水平研究

目的：测试抽动秽语综合症（TS）患者的智力水平及韦氏儿童智力分 测验结构。方法：采用韦氏儿童智力量表（C－WISC）对64例患者和60例正常少儿进行智力评估。结果：TS患者的智商多在正常范围或边缘水平,词汇,知识外,其余各分测验及PIQ,VIQ,FIQ均显著低于对照组（P＜0．05）,PIQ与VIQ之间的平衡性较差。结论：TS患者的智商较正常少儿平均水平为低,且智力发展不平衡者较多。     

抽动秽语综合征患者的智力水平研究

目的测试抽动秽语综合症（TS）患者的智力水平及韦氏儿童智力分测验结构。方法采用韦氏儿童智力量表 (C-WISC)对64例患者和60例正常少儿进行智力评估。结果 TS患者的智商多在正常范围或边缘水平;词汇、知识外,其余各分测验及PIQ、VIQ、FIQ均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),PIQ与VIQ之间的平衡性较差。结论 TS患者的智商较正常少儿平均水平为低,且智力发展不平衡者较多。     

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍个性及智力特征探讨

目的：了解注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童的个性及智力特点。方法：采用艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）和韦氏儿童智力量表（WISC－R）对40例ADHD患儿进行测试。结果：ADHD组EPQ测验中神经质和精神质量表T分高于正常对照组,掩饰性量表T分低于正常对照组。WISC－R测验中,ADHD组总智商（FIQ）在正常范围,但与正常对照组比较有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。在言语智商（VIQ）与操作智商（PIQ）平衡上,ADHD组的算术,理解、译码分测验量表分较正常组低,两组比较有显著性差异。结论：ADHD儿童情绪稳定性差,心理成熟能力延迟,同时可能存在言语理解,记忆／不分心因子缺陷。     

男性Tourette综合征患儿智力的影响因素

目的 探讨Tourette综合征(TS)患儿智力结构的特征及其影响因素.方法 符合DSM-Ⅳ诊断标准的26名TS男性患儿与26名正常对照儿童,采用中国韦氏儿童智力量表(C-WISC)进行智力测试,并用耶鲁综合抽动严重度量表对TS患儿进行抽动严重度的评定.结果 TS组言语智商[(97.00±12.34)分]、操作智商[(93.46±13.65)分]及总智商[(94.85±11.80)分]均低于对照组[分别为(110.81±11.38)分;(102.81±10.69)分;(107.85±9.32)分],差异有显著性(P＜0.01);TS组知识、分类、算术、数字广度及图片排列分测验值均低于对照组(P＜0.05).TS患儿的病程以及抽动严重度与智商无明显相关性.结论 TS儿童的智商低于正常儿童,且智力结构存在损伤.TS患儿的病程以及抽动严重度对智力发育无明显影响.     

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍个性及智力特征探讨

目的 :了解注意缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD)儿童的个性及智力特点。方法 :采用艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ)和韦氏儿童智力量表 (WISC R)对 40例ADHD患儿进行测试。结果 :ADHD组EPQ测验中神经质和精神质量表T分高于正常对照组 ,掩饰性量表T分低于正常对照组。WISC R测验中 ,ADHD组总智商 (FIQ)在正常范围 ,但与正常对照组比较有显著性差异(P <0 .0 5 )。在言语智商 (VIQ)与操作智商 (PIQ)平衡上 ,ADHD组的算术、理解、译码分测验量表分较正常组低 ,两组比较有显著性差异。结论 :ADHD儿童情绪稳定性差 ,心理成熟能力延迟 ,同时可能存在言语理解、记忆 /不分心因子缺陷     

Tourette综合征患儿血清催乳素水平及神经心理功能的对照研究

目的：通过检查Tourette综合征（TS）患儿血清催乳素（PRL）水平及神经心理功能的变化，探讨TS的发病机制，并为诊断和治疗提供参考。方法：采用放射免疫分析法（RIA）测定TS患儿及正常对照组儿童血清PRL水平。采用中国修订韦氏儿童智力量表（WISC－CR）、中国学龄前儿童气质量表（CPTS）及中国学龄儿童气质量表（CSTS）测查TS患儿神经心理特征。结果：未用药TS患儿血清PRL水平较对照组明显降低（P＜0．001），经神经阻滞剂治疗后PRL水平较未用药组明显升高（P＜0．001）。TS患儿总智商（FIQ）、言语智商（VIQ）和操作智商（PIQ）与对照组比较差异无显著性（P＞0．05），但背数、译码和积木图案分测验分明显低于对照组（P＜0．05）。TS患儿气质类型与常模组比较有高度显著性差异（P＜0．001）。结论：TS患儿存在中枢多巴胺（DA）系统过度活跃现象，外周血PRL水平可作为衡量中枢DA系统功能的良好指标，对指导诊断及治疗可能有一定参考意义。TS患儿存有认知功能的某些改变，这种改变可能是TS的一种伴随现象。TS患儿的气质特征有其独特性，提示TS具有遗传学基础。     

学习困难儿童智力及记忆力特征分析

目的 探讨学习困难儿童的智力、记忆力特征.方法 学习困难(LD)根据ICD-10五条诊断标准,精神发育迟滞(MR)根据国际疾病分类第10版(ICD-10)诊断标准,分为实验组:LD组;对照组:a.正常组,b.弱智组.采用中国韦氏儿童智力量表进行智力测验,记忆力测验采用中国科学研究院编制的临床记忆量表.结果 LD组与正常对照组在语言智商、操作智商、总智商[(86.23±10.65)分,(87.44±12.59)分,(84.09±13.96)分vs(102.27±10.21)分,(103.22±11.65)分,(103.28±9.88)分]及分测验值差异均有显著性(P＜0.01);LD组儿童VIQ与PIQ相距一个标准差以上的比率明显高于对照组(x2=9.29,P＜0.01),也较MR对照组多(x2=4.29,P＜0.05).LD组记忆商(MQ)明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.01).结论 LD儿童智商、记忆商水平低于正常儿童,且存在明显智力结构发展不平衡.     

抽动障碍患儿的智力记忆力自我意识及个性特征研究

目的探讨抽动障碍患儿的智力、记忆力、自我意识及个性特征。方法采用中国修订版的儿童韦氏智力量表、临床记忆量表、Piers Harris儿童自我意识量表、艾克森人格问卷对 66例抽动障碍患儿进行心理评估 ,并与健康儿童测量结果进行对比分析。结果抽动障碍患儿言语智商、操作智商和总智商(分别为 94.0 3± 9.0 0 ,97.95± 12 .5 1,95 .5 9± 9.72 )明显低于对照组 (分别为 10 4.81± 7.0 4,10 0 .65± 9.5 2 ,10 3 .3 3± 7.44 ) (P <0 .0 0 1) ,操作量表中除拼图分测验无异常外其余分测验及言语量表各分测验均明显低于对照组 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1) ,提示抽动障碍患儿的智力结构存在普遍性损伤。抽动障碍患儿记忆商 ( 95 .19± 12 .99)在正常范围 ,但明显低于对照组 ( 10 5 .46± 16.2 2 ) (P <0 .0 1) ,提示抽动障碍患儿可能有一定程度的记忆损害。个性测验显示抽动障碍患儿精神质、神经质量表分显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,而内外向性量表分显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。自我意识评估显示抽动障碍患儿焦虑及躯体外貌与属性两因子得分显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论抽动障碍患儿可能存在着不同程度的神经心理缺陷。     

男性Tourette综合征患儿智力的影响因素

目的探讨Tourette综合征(TS)患儿智力结构的特征及其影响因素。方法符合DSM-Ⅳ诊断标准的26名TS男性患儿与26名正常对照儿童,采用中国韦氏儿童智力量表(C-WISC)进行智力测试,并用耶鲁综合抽动严重度量表对TS患儿进行抽动严重度的评定。结果TS组言语智商[(97.00±12.34)分]、操作智商[(93.46±13.65)分]及总智商[(94.85±11.80)分]均低于对照组[分别为(110.81±11.38)分;(102.81±10.69)分;(107.85±9.32)分],差异有显著性(P<0.01);TS组知识、分类、算术、数字广度及图片排列分测验值均低于对照组(P<0.05)。TS患儿的病程以及抽动严重度与智商无明显相关性。结论TS儿童的智商低于正常儿童,且智力结构存在损伤。TS患儿的病程以及抽动严重度对智力发育无明显影响。     

慢性酒精中毒患者认知功能与事件相关电位研究

目的 探讨慢性酒精中毒患者的认知功能和事件相关电位(ERP)的变化,并评价ERP(P300)在认知功能障碍测评中的应用.方法 对100例慢性酒精中毒患者和70名正常对照进行韦氏成人智力量表、韦氏记忆测验中文版测评和ERP检测.结果 慢性酒精中毒患者的言语智商[(90.77±15.34)分]、操作智商[(91.72±15.30)分]、总智商[(91.05±19.73)分]、Stroop-C时间[(173.81±12.35)s]、Stroop-CW时间[(1176.21±40.92)s]、逻辑记忆测验[(10.32±3.39)s]、视觉再生测验成绩低于对照组(P<0.05,P＜0.01).慢性酒精中毒患者ERP的P3a、P3b波的潜伏期延长,波幅降低,与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01).慢性酒精中毒患者智力测验的智力障碍检出率43%,明显低于ERP的检出率56%(χ2＝7.17,P<0.01).结论 慢性酒精中毒患者的认知功能受到损害.P300变化在发现认知功能损害方面比智力测查更敏感.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.