氨基酸聚合物/硫酸钙生物工程骨的生物相容性研究

目的 评价氨基酸聚合物[poly(amino acid),PAA]/硫酸钙(calcium sulfate,CaSO4)生物工程骨的生物相容性.方法 制备PAA/CaSO4.通过急性毒性实验、溶血实验、微核实验、热原实验、皮内刺激实验、细胞毒性实验研究该复合材料的生物相容性.结果 急性毒性实验中各组小鼠活动正常,7 d内小鼠无死亡,各组动物未见中毒症状或不良反应,7 d 后各组小鼠体质量日平均增加差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).材料浸提液的溶血率为2.01%,符合<5%的国家标准.微核实验中3个实验组与阴性对照组微核率无明显差异(各组的微核率均介于0.4～0.6之间),材料无潜在致突变性.热原实验中3只动物中体温升高最高为0.4℃,体温升高的总数为1.1℃,符合热源实验国家标准.皮内刺激实验观察显示,注射材料生理盐水浸提液和生理盐水处无明显红斑、水肿和皮肤坏死,PII 为0.01～0.02,属极轻微刺激.细胞毒性实验中A、B、C组的BMSC的相对增殖率均>90%,细胞毒性为0～1级,材料无细胞毒性.结论 PAA/CaSO4具有良好的生物相容性.     

纳米羟基磷灰石/聚氨基酸复合材料生物安全性评价

目的 初步评价新型骨修复材料纳米羟基磷灰石/聚氨基酸(nano-hydroxyapatite and poly-amino acid, n-HA/PAA)的生物安全性.方法 按照ISO10993-1标准中规定以自制n-HA/PAA为实验组进行以下实验: ①体外细胞毒性实验:采用L929成纤维细胞,完全培养基为阴性对照,苯酚为阳性对照,通过细胞形态学、MTT试验以及流式细胞进行细胞毒性评价;②全身急性毒性实验:以生理盐水为阴性对照组观察2组小鼠腹腔注射材料浸提液和生理盐水后72 h内有无中毒和死亡现象;③致敏试验:白化豚鼠30只均分3组,以生理盐水为阴性对照组、二硝基氟苯丙酮溶液为阳性对照组观察各组动物致敏区有无红肿和红斑,并记分;④溶血实验:生理盐水作为阴性对照组,灭菌蒸馏水为阳性对照组,分别加入抗凝兔血后计算溶血率;⑤热源实验:新西兰大白兔3只,按10 ml/kg注射材料浸提液,测量正常体温与注射后连续 3 h 内每小时体温的差值;⑥遗传毒性实验:KM小鼠30均分3组,分别按100 g/kg间隔24 h注射材料浸提液、环磷酰胺及生理盐水2次,观察骨髓嗜多染红细胞及含微核小体的骨髓嗜多染红细胞,并计算微核率.结果 体外细胞毒性实验观察材料对细胞形态与生长无明显影响,MTT检测实验组细胞毒性为1级,流式细胞仪检测材料不会引起细胞凋亡;全身急性毒性实验显示实验组动物无中毒及死亡;致敏试验显示致敏区无水肿及红斑;溶血实验表明材料溶血率为0.71%,符合小于5%的实验标准;热源实验显示实验动物无明显体温升高;遗传毒性实验显示材料微核试验阴性,无遗传毒性.结论 n-HA/PAA复合材料具有良好的生物安全性.     

新型人工髓核材料果胶/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶生物相容性研究

目的对新型人工髓核材料果胶/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶（Pectin/PVA composite hydrogel,CoPP）进行生物组织相容性评价。方法按照国家标准GB/T16886的评价要求,对CoPP人工髓核材料进行致敏试验和遗传毒性试验等毒理学测试。结果注射CoPP材料浸提液豚鼠各观察时点均未见皮肤出现红斑、水肿等皮肤刺激反应,表明CoPP髓核材料浸提液对皮肤无致敏性。CoPP人工髓核材料浸提液各剂量组对TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102的回变菌落数,在加与不加大鼠肝微粒体酶（S9）条件下,均与自发回变数相近,也未呈现剂量反应关系。CoPP髓核材料浸提液各剂量组中微核出现率和染色体畸变率与阴性对照组比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论 CoPP人工髓核材料无致敏性和遗传毒性,具有良好的生物相容性。     

壳聚糖球形多孔微载体的组织相容性评价

目的：构建壳聚糖球形多孔微载体,通过细胞毒性试验、全身急性毒性试验、热原试验和皮肤刺激试验来评价壳聚糖球形多孔微载体的组织相容性。方法：利用液氮冷冻干燥技术成功构建浓度为1%,2%,3%的壳聚糖球形多孔微载体。选择健康成年新西兰兔和ICR小鼠为宿主,采用细胞毒性试验、全身急性毒性试验、热原试验和皮肤刺激试验来对其的组织相容性进行评价。结果：3种浓度的微载体浸提液对L-929细胞增殖活性无明显的抑制作用,细胞的毒性级别为0;3种浓度的微载体浸提液和生理盐水在注射后24h、48h和72h,所有试验小鼠无死亡,体重无明显变化（P〉0.05）,未观察到眼睑下垂、呼吸困难、发绀、腹部刺激症、腹泻、运动减少、震颤等全身急性毒性反应;3种浓度的微载体的热原试验中兔体温变化范围在-0.2～0.4之间,每只兔体温升高度数均〈0.6℃,三只兔体温升高总合在0.0～0.4之间,各组均〈1.4℃;3种浓度的微载体皮肤刺激试验区未见明显发红、皮疹和水肿等反应。结论：本研究证实壳聚糖球形多孔微载体无细胞毒性、无全身急性毒性、无致热原性和无皮肤刺激致敏性,表明壳聚糖球形多孔微载体具有良好的组织相容性。     

生物活性负压封闭吸引材料的生物学评价

目的:对制备的生物活性聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖复合泡沫材料进行生物学评价,为临床应用提供实验依据.方法:对该材料进行细胞毒性试验、急性全身毒性试验、溶血试验、皮肤刺激试验、热源试验和微核试验.结果:该材料的细胞毒性为Ⅰ级,对细胞生长和增殖无明显抑制作用,无急性全身毒性反应,无溶血反应,无皮肤刺激性,无热源反应,无致突变作用.结...     

基于MEMS技术的压力感应内藏式膀胱造瘘器的设计与安全性检测

目的:研制一种基于微电子机械系统(Micro electro-mechanical system, MEMS)技术设计,能实时监测膀胱压力又安全的新型内藏式的膀胱造瘘器。方法:运用计算机辅助下MEMS技术设计膀胱造瘘器;按照GB/T16886国家医疗机械生物学评价标准进行细胞毒性实验及致敏实验,评价其安全性。结果:细胞毒性实验显示,实验组细胞毒性反应级别均≤1级,细胞溶解率均<10%,与阴性对照组无明显差别;皮肤刺激实验显示,实验组中,生理盐水浸提液和橄榄油浸提液的原发性刺激指数分别为0.375±0.440与0.375±0.209,对皮肤刺激程度均为极轻微,与空白对照组无明显差别(P分别为0.568与0.765)。结论:该膀胱造瘘器在实验条件下无细胞毒性及致敏性,可进行临床试用,进一步评价其安全性及临床实用性。     

壳聚糖豚鼠皮肤过敏试验

目的 通过豚鼠皮肤重复接触1%壳聚糖溶液,观察壳聚糖对豚鼠皮肤有无致敏性。方法 按照国家颁发的皮肤过敏试验标准进行。结果 受试组及空白对照组豚鼠皮肤无红斑、水肿形成,阳性对照组中有8只豚鼠皮肤出现不同程度的红斑、水肿;受试组及空白对照组反应平均值皆为0、致敏率为0,无过敏反应;阳性对照组豚鼠皮肤反应平均值3.6、致敏率为80%,具有高度致敏性。结论 1%壳聚糖溶液对豚鼠皮肤无致敏性。     

聚氨酯-BaFe12O19复合微粒血管内栓塞材料的生物相容性

目的 探讨包裹聚氨酯的聚氨酯-BaFe12O19复合型微粒栓塞材料的生物相容性.方法 对聚氨酯-BaFe12O,19复合微粒材料进行一系列生物相容性实验,包括Ames致突变实验、细胞毒性实验、全身急性和亚急性毒性实验、溶血实验、出血和凝血时间测定、凝血功能实验等.结果 Ames实验:该颗粒浸提液各组的MR值均小于2,无致突变性;细胞毒性实验:不同浓度浸提液对L929细胞的细胞毒性均为Ⅰ级;全身急性、亚急性毒性实验:动物一般情况良好,未见异常病理表现;溶血实验中实验组的溶血率为2.43%,符合ISO规定不大于5%的标准;出、凝血时间在实验组与对照组无显著性差异:实验组与对照组的凝血功能未见显著差异(P>0.05).结论 聚氨酯-BaFez1219复合微粒材料无致突变性,无毒性,对出血和凝血时间无显著性影响,不引起溶血和凝血功能的改变.聚氨酯-BaFe12O19微粒具有良好的生物相容性.     

人工气管材料体外细胞毒性和生物相容性研究

目的 :对自行研制的人工气管材料进行体外细胞毒性和生物相容性研究 ,以便为该植入材料应用于临床提供实验依据。方法 :参照 ISO10 993- 1:1992医疗器械生物学评价标准和要求 ,对人工气管材料进行了体外细胞与材料共培养试验、细胞毒性试验、溶血试验、急性全身毒性试验、致敏和热源试验。 结果 :(1)人工气管材料表面的细胞黏附生长良好 ,该材料对体外培养的细胞形态不构成损害 ,对细胞的生长和增殖均无明显抑制作用 ,细胞增殖指数和增殖指数百分率与空白对照组比较无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,而与阳性参照材料组比较差异具有显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ;(2 )溶血率均低于 5 %的国家标准 ,在体外不引起溶血反应 ;(3)该组分材料也无急性全身毒性反应、致敏和热源作用。结论 :该人工气管材料无细胞毒性和热源作用 ,不引起溶血反应和急性全身毒性反应 ,对细胞形态、生长和增殖不构成损害 ,具有良好的生物相容性。     

羊脱细胞真皮基质的体内外毒性实验

目的：利用溶血反应、热原反应和细胞毒性反应实验了解羊脱细胞真皮基质(acellular dermal matrix,ADM)在动物体内外的毒性反应强度。方法：溶血反应: 分别制作交联型和非交联型羊ADM的浸提液,为交联组和非交联组; 并设置阳性对照组10 mL灭菌注射用水,阴性对照组10 mL 0.9%氯化钠溶液。 将新鲜抗凝稀释兔血加入实验组和对照组试管中,离心后取上清液测量吸光度值,计算溶血度。热原实验：按照条件入选16只新西兰兔,分为初试A,B两组各3只和复试C,D两组各5只。分别将交联与未交联的两种ADM浸提液注射入两组新西兰兔体内,注射后每隔0.5 h测量一次体温,共测量6次,以6次中最高一次减去正常体温即为该兔的体温升高度数。据此判断是否符合生物制品热原实验的评价标准。MTT实验：收集对数期的小鼠成纤维细胞细胞,种植于含有不同浓度羊ADM浸提液的培养基,测量吸光度值进行细胞活力测定。结果：实验A,B组溶血度均小于5%,热原反应测得新西兰兔体温升高之和低于1.8 ℃。MTT实验显示10%~90%羊ADM浸提液培养基对体外细胞的毒性为1级,100%的羊浸提液对体外细胞的毒性为2级,交联型与非交联型组的浸提液对体外细胞的毒性的无显著性差异(P>0.05)。均对体外细胞的增殖影响轻微。结论：羊ADM植入新西兰兔体内引起的溶血反应和热原反应在评价标准之内,在体外对细胞的增殖和活力影响不明显。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.