H3K27M突变型弥漫性中线胶质瘤MRI表现

目的 探讨H3K27M突变型弥漫性中线胶质瘤MRI表现,以提高对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析8例经病理证实的H3K27M突变型弥漫性中线胶质瘤临床、影像资料,探讨病变的发病部位、形态表现、信号特征和强化方式.结果 本组8例H3K27M突变型弥漫性中线胶质瘤,其中丘脑2例,脑桥2例,第三脑室2例,松果体区1例,颈段脊髓1...     

弥漫性中线胶质瘤伴H3K27M突变的MRI表现

【摘要】目的：探讨弥漫性中线胶质瘤伴H3 K27M突变的MRI影像学特点。方法：回顾性分析经手术或活检病理证实的37例弥漫性中线胶质瘤伴H3 K27M突变患者的临床及影像资料。对肿瘤的部位、形态、囊变坏死、出血、瘤周水肿、扩散受限、强化程度及脑脊液播散等影像学特点进行分析。结果：15例位于脑干,7例位于丘脑,1例位于第三脑室,6例中线部位多发病灶并累及一个或多个脑叶,8例位于脊髓。18例形态较为规则,边界较清楚;19例形态不规则,边界不清楚。18例可见不同程度囊变或坏死,6例内部可见出血。3例可见轻度瘤周水肿。12例行DWI检查,3例无明显扩散受限,9例轻度不均匀扩散受限。增强后强化方式不一,9例无强化,15例呈斑点、斑片状轻度强化,9例呈花环状明显强化,4例呈条片状明显强化。8例髓内肿瘤,5例存在脑脊液播散。结论：弥漫性中线胶质瘤伴H3 K27M突变的MRI表现具有一定共性特征,肿瘤多位于中线结构,囊变或坏死多见,瘤周水肿少见,增强后多无强化或点片状轻度强化,坏死可见环形强化。这些磁共振征象可为临床诊断提供参考。     

弥漫性中线胶质瘤H3K27M突变型的CT及MRI表现

目的 探讨弥漫性中线胶质瘤H3K27M突变型的CT及MRI表现,提高对该病的认识.方法 选取经手术病理证实的弥漫性中线胶质瘤H3K27M突变型8例;男性5例,女性3例,年龄9～48岁,平均年龄24岁;8例均行MRI检查,3例同时行CT检查.结果 8例弥漫性中线胶质瘤中5例位于丘脑,2例位于脑干,1例位于胼胝体;病灶直径...     

基于全域ADC直方图评估儿童高级别弥漫性中线胶质瘤H3K27M突变

目的 探讨表观扩散系数(ADC)直方图参数在评估儿童高级别弥漫性中线胶质瘤(DMG) H3K27M突变价值。方法 回顾性搜集经本院病理证实为DMG的54例患者临床病理和影像资料。根据H3K27M突变状态分为H3K27M突变型组(n=39)和H3K27M野生型组(n=15)。应用Firevoxel软件在ADC图像勾画每层整个病变感兴趣区(ROI)进行全域直方图分析。生成的ADC直方图参数包括ADC最小值(ADC_min)、ADC平均值(ADC_mean)、ADC最大值(ADC_max)、偏度、峰度、标准差、变异度、变异系数、熵、ADC第1百分位数(ADC1%)、ADC第10百分位数(ADC10%)、ADC第50百分位数(ADC50%)、ADC第90百分位数(ADC90%)和ADC第99百分位数(ADC99%)。采用Mann-Whitney U检验对这些直方图参数进行组间比较。差异存在统计学意义(P≤0.05)的参数绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)并计算曲线下面积(AUC)、灵敏度、特异度和约登指数。结果 H3K27M突变型的AD...     

多模态磁共振成像预测弥漫性中线胶质瘤H3 K27M基因突变状态的研究进展

【摘要】WHO第4版《中枢神经系统肿瘤分类》将H3 K27M改变弥漫性中线胶质瘤列为新的胶质瘤亚型,属于WHO 4级胶质瘤。H3 K27M基因状态对于该肿瘤的诊断、靶向药物治疗具有重要作用。目前对于H3 K27M基因状态的确定主要是通过免疫组织化学法测定,而获得肿瘤组织存在有创和假阴性等缺点。多模态磁共振成像已经广泛应用于胶质瘤的诊断分级、预后判断、疗效评价、基因分子标记物预测等方面。因此,本文主要就多模态磁共振成像在预测弥漫性中线胶质瘤组蛋白H3 K27M基因突变状态的应用进行综述,为临床应用及研究提供新思路。     

H3K27M突变型与野生型儿童弥漫内生型脑桥胶质瘤的MRI鉴别诊断

目的:探讨MRI在儿童弥漫内生型脑桥胶质瘤(DIPG)H3K27M突变型与野生型鉴别诊断中的价值.方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的54例突变型和9例野生型DIPG的临床资料和MRI影像学特征,分析比较两组病例的临床及影像学特征,对存在统计学差异的特征进一步采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线确定其最佳诊断点、灵敏度、特异度、阳...     

基于临床影像特征和多参数MRI影像组学特征评估儿童弥漫中线胶质瘤H3K27M突变

【摘要】目的:探讨基于临床影像特征和多参数MRI影像组学特征评估儿童弥漫中线胶质瘤(DMG)H3K27M突变状态的应用价值。方法:回顾性纳入经病理诊断为DMG的98例患儿,包括74例H3K27M突变型和24例H3K27M野生型。按照大约7:3的比例分为训练集（n=68）和测试集（n=30）。基于T2WI和增强T1WI(cT1WI)序列提取影像组学特征。应用最大相关最小冗余(mRMR)和最小绝对收缩算子(LASSO)在训练集中筛选最优影像组学特征并计算影像组学评分(Rad-Score)。将临床影像特征和Rad-Score纳入多因素logistics回归筛选独立风险因素。联合筛选出的临床影像特征和Rad-Score构建联合模型以预测DMG的H3K27M状态,应用列线图对联合模型进行可视化。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估模型的诊断效能,使用决策曲线(DCA)评估模型的临床应用价值。结果:基于T2WI和cT1WI序列共提取1648个影像组学特征,最终选取5个影像组学特征用于构建影像组学模型,该模型在训练集和测试集中均表现出良好的预测能力,曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.844和0.758。多因素logistics回归显示环形强化和最小表观扩散系数(ADCmin)是H3K27M状态相关的临床影像特征风险因素（P均<0.05）,两者构建的临床影像模型具备一定的预测H3K27M状态的能力,训练集和测试集的AUC分别为0.802和0.720。由环形强化、ADCmin和Rad-Score构建的联合模型评估H3K27M状态表现出最佳的预测效能,训练集和测试集的AUC分别为0.863和0.851。结论:基于临床影像特征和多参数MRI影像组学特征构建的联合模型可用于无创性评估儿童DMG的H3K27M突变状态,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

弥漫性中线胶质瘤H3K27改变型的影像特征

目的：总结分析脑弥漫性中线胶质瘤H3K27改变型的CT和MRI影像学特征,以提高对本病的认识。方法：回顾性分析89例经手术病理诊断为脑弥漫性中线胶质瘤伴H3K27改变型患者的临床和影像学资料。结果：32例（36.0%）位于丘脑,36例（40.4%）位于脑干,其余位于脊髓、松果体、第三脑室、第四脑室、桥臂、小脑、基底节区;66例（74.2%）形态规则,边界较清;75例（91.5%）无或轻度瘤周水肿。肿瘤实性部分CT平扫呈等低-稍高密度,磁共振T1WI呈等-稍低信号,T2WI呈等-稍高或高信号;29例（32.6%）伴不同程度囊变或坏死,6例伴出血,7例伴点状或边缘线样钙化。46例行弥散加权成像（DWI）检查,28例（60.9%）无或轻度受限,18例（39.1%）局部明显受限;30例行磁共振波谱（MRS）检查,28例（93.3%）呈高代谢改变。86例行MRI增强,50例（58.1%）呈局部花环状高强化,22例（25.6%）为整体轻度/无强化,12例（14.0%）呈局部斑片或结节状明显高强化,2例为整体不均匀明显强化。肿瘤易包绕邻近血管,“基底动脉包绕征”最常见（18例）;29例（32.6%）...     

A curious case of T2-FLAIR mismatch in H3K27M mutant glioma

Diffuse midline gliomas are a rare relatively new classification of primary central nervous system tumors which include astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and glioblastomas. The T2-FLAIR mismatch sign is regarded as a highly specific imaging feature of IDH-mutant, 1p/19q non-codeleted astrocytomas. The case presented herein demonstrates this sign, however, in a non-IDH mutated diffuse midline glioma with a H3K27M mutation, a World Health Organization Grade IV neoplasm. Although preoperative diagnosis can provide important treatment and prognostic information, it is often quite difficult particularly in primary central nervous system tumors.     

MRI在颅内恶性胶质瘤放疗中的应用进展

随着放疗技术的发展,MRI在颅内恶性胶质瘤放射治疗中的应用越来越广泛,尤其是在颅内恶性胶质瘤的预后判断、放疗定位与靶区勾画、肿瘤复发与坏死鉴别等方面。在放疗计划方面,由于MRI具有优越的软组织分辨能力,因此已广泛用于靶区勾画中,目前多采用与CT融合进行靶区勾画,而完全采用MRI进行定位及靶区勾画的研究方兴未艾。在肿瘤复...     

胼胝体胶质细胞瘤的MRI诊断

目的:探讨胼胝体胶质细胞瘤的MRI表现,提高对胼胝体胶质细胞瘤的认识。方法:对2 4例胼胝体胶质细胞瘤的MRI资料进行回顾性分析,并与病理结果作对照。结果:胼胝体胶质细胞瘤累及嘴、膝部15例,体部6例,压部3例。病理类型为星形细胞瘤18例,少支胶质细胞瘤4例,脑神经胶质瘤病2例。MRI表现为T1WI低信号、T2 WI高信号,信号均匀或不均匀,伴有水肿及占位效应,Ⅲ～Ⅳ级肿瘤多伴有坏死、囊变和出血,增强扫描根据肿瘤病理类型的不同可出现不同程度的强化。少支胶质细胞瘤伴斑片状钙化为其特征,脑神经胶质瘤病表现为多部位侵犯。胼胝体胶质细胞瘤可侵犯两侧或一侧大脑半球,形成“蝴蝶征”或“半蝴蝶征”,此二种征象有助于定位诊断。结论:胼胝体胶质细胞瘤是颅内特殊部位的肿瘤,MRI对其诊断具有重要临床价值。     

Imaging characterization of an adult H3 K27M-altered diffuse midline glioma of the medulla oblongata with a confounding steroid response

We report an uncommon, infratentorial localization of adult H3 K27M-altered diffuse midline glioma arising in a particularly rare site (medulla oblongata). In addition to this unusual presentation, the lesion exhibited a substantial contrast enhancement and size decrease after dexamethasone, generating diagnostic dilemmas. Histology, molecular details, advanced Magnetic Resonance imaging features and differential diagnoses are here described and discussed, as well as common misconceptions about steroid-sensitive mass lesions, and practical difficulties for clinicians involved in the process of making diagnosis.     

Diagnostic potential of short echo time MR spectroscopy of gliomas with single-voxel and point-resolved spatially localised proton spectroscopy of brain

Accurate neuroimaging grading of gliomas is useful for management, but techniques such as MRI and CT are not sufficiently reliable. Necrosis is a consistent, decisive prognostic factor and the key diagnostic criterion for glioblastoma multiforme. MR spectroscopy (MRS) allows noninvasive measurement of metabolites in brain tumours and mobile lipids reflect necrosis. However, short echo-time (TE) spectroscopy has been required for reliable assessment of lipids, since their relaxation times are very short. Recent advances have made it possible to perform short-TE MRS. We attempted to evaluate the significance of short TE spectroscopy as part of routine imaging for diagnosis and grading of gliomas. We performed TE 30 ms MRS in 25 patients with gliomas (grade II six; grade III three; grade IV, 16) and in 19 areas of healthy white matter using proton brain examination/single voxel (PROBE/SV) and point-resolved spatially localised spectroscopy (PRESS). With short-TE spectroscopy, lipid signals were detected in all 16 tumours of grade IV, one grade II (P = 0.0002) and none of grade III (P = 0.001). TE 136 ms MRS, carried out in 20 of these cases, showed lipid signals in only four of 14 grade IV tumours and in none of the other six. N-acetylaspartate/choline (NAA/Cho) ratios were always more than 1.0 in healthy tissues and less than 1.0 in all but one of the gliomas. The mean creatine (Cr)/Cho ratio in each tumour grade was significantly lower than in the healthy tissues. The mean Cr/Cho ratio was also significantly lower in grade IV than in grade II tumours (P < .0005). Considerable overlap in Cr/Cho ratio was observed between grade II and grades III and IV gliomas at long but less so at short-TE MRS. We conclude that short-TE MRS with PROBE/SV and PRESS is of value in grading gliomas. Received: 25 June 2000 Accepted: 1 September 2000     

Hypocaeruloplasminaemia with heteroallelic caeruloplasmin gene mutation: MRI of the brain

We present two patients with hypocaeruloplasminaemia and a heteroallelic caeruloplasmin gene mutation (HypoCPGM). These patients had diabetes mellitus and tremor of the hands, respectively. T2-weighted fast spin-echo MRI showed mildly reduced intensity of the putamen, much more marked on echo-planar imaging. Received: 26 May 1998 Accepted: 10 August 1998     

正常股骨中下段骨髓MRI定量及1H-MRS研究

目的探讨正常股骨中下段骨髓磁共振成像（MRI）信号强度和氢质子磁共振波谱（^1H—MRS）随年龄增长的变化特点,为临床评价骨髓病变提供正常参考依据。资料与方法将70名2．30岁正常受检者按年龄分为6组：A组（2—5岁）9例,B组（6-10岁）10例,C组（11—15岁）10例,D组（16—20岁）13例,E组（21。25岁）13例,F组（26—30岁）15例。对股骨中下段分别采用矢状位SE T1WI和单体素激发回波序列（SVS-STEAM）进行MRI扫描和^1H-MRS采集。在T1WI上测量股骨干中段、下段和远侧干骺端骨髓及其相同水平相同层面邻近肌肉的信号强度,并计算各部位骨髓信号强度相对于肌肉的比值;同时分析3个相应股骨部位骨髓的^1H-MRS谱线。结果各年龄组中每一组内股骨干中段和下段骨髓信号强度之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,上述两个部位在B组与其他各任意年龄组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而在C-F组内任意两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,15岁以前骨髓信号强度与年龄呈明显正相关,其后随年龄增长信号强度变化不显著。股骨远侧干骺端骨髓信号强度在c组与A—F组中的任一组之间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但在AB两组间和D—F3组内差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,25岁以前骨髓信号强度与年龄呈明显正相关。股骨干中下段骨髓的^1H-MRS谱线在A组均为Lip1型,在B和C两组为Lip1型或Lip2型,在D—F组均为up2型。远侧干骺端骨髓的^1H-MRS谱线在所有年龄组为Lipl型,其中F组有up2型并存。结论不同年龄和不同股骨中下段骨髓的MRI信号强度和^1H-MRS的谱线不同,符合骨髓解剖生理学特点和骨髓转化规律,可作为股骨骨髓疾病分析的正常参考依据。     

IDH突变与高级别胶质瘤治疗后MRI表现及预后的关系

目的:探讨异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH)突变表型与高级别胶质瘤(HGG)治疗后MRI表现及患者生存预后的相关性.方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的70例HGG患者的临床及术后MRI资料.其中,IDH突变型26例,IDH野生型44例.临床资料主要包括年龄、性别、肿瘤的组织病理学分级和部位.MRI扫描序列包括平扫T1 WI、T2 ...     

高级别胶质瘤治疗后预后评估MRI形态学与DWI研究进展

高级别胶质瘤(HGG)发病率高,通常预后较差,但也有部分病人预后较好,总生存期相对较长。预测HGG治疗后预后有助于早期及时调整治疗方案,终止无效治疗,减少不良反应,有利于改善病人预后。近年对MRI形态学的术后残腔液体衰减反转恢复序列信号改变和增强T1WI强化形态,以及扩散加权成像(DWI)的直方图相关参数评估HGG治疗后预后的研究已取得较大进展,就MRI形态学与DWI这两种新技术评估HGG治疗后预后的研究现状予以综述。