Implantation of 125Ⅰ seeds for recurrence cervical node of head and neck tumor after external beam radiotherapy

Objective To summarize the efficacy and the feasibility of 125I seed implantation for recurrence cervical lymph node of head and neck tumor after radiotherapy or radiotherapy plus neck dissection. Methods Thirty-six patients with the recurrence cervical lymphnode of head and neck tumor after radiotherapy (17 patients) or radiotherapy plus neck dissection (19 patients) were treated with 125I seed implantation guided by ultrasound or CT under local anesthesia. The median number of seeds was 27( range from 3 to 78 ). Postoperative quality evaluation were routinely obtained for all patients. The actuarial D90 ranged from 90-160 Gy (median, 130 Gy). Results The follow-up rate was 100%. The number of the patients who were followed up over 1-and 2-year were 11 and 3. The overall response rate was 81%. The 1-and 2-year over local control rates, over survival rates were 69% and 35%, 50% and 22%, respectively.The 1-and 2-year local control rates in patients with recurrence node after radiotherapy plus neck dissection were 72% and 54%, while those were 67% and 50% in patients with recurrence node after radiotherapy,respectively (χ2=00,P=0.965). The 1-and 2-year survival rates in two groups were 48%, 13% , and 51%, 39%, respectively (χ2=0.17, P=0.676). Conclusions 125I seed implantation is a safe,minimal invasive with low morbidity and high efficacy salvage treatment method for cervical lymph node recurrence of head and neck tumor after radiotherapy with or without neck dissection.     

乳腺癌全乳腺切除术后胸壁电子束照射的研究

目的 探讨乳腺癌全乳腺切除术后胸壁电子束照射的疗效.方法 回顾分析1999-2007年间全乳腺切除术后进行胸壁6 MeV电子束照射及锁骨上下区淋巴结引流区6～8 MV X线和12～15 MeV电子束混合照射患者280例资料,并与同期胸壁6～8 MV X线切线野照射118例进行比较.结果 随访率为93.2%,随访满5、10年者分别为140、12例.电子束组和X线组的5、10年胸壁复发率分别为6.8%和5.0%、14.8%和10.1%(X2=1.12,P=0.290),5、10年无瘤生存率分别为60.6%和65.5%、47.6%和57.3%(X2=0.97,P=0.325),5、10年总生存率分别为77.5%和79.6%、48.4%和53.3%(X2=0.37,P=0.545),>2级皮肤急性不良反应率分别为10.4%和16.9%(X2=3.34,P=0.090),肺纤维化率分别为28.8%和22.1%(X2=1.27,P=0.300).结论 乳腺癌全乳腺切除术后胸壁电子束照射的肿瘤控制率及不良反应与胸壁切线野照射无差别.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effcacy of electron-beam chest-wall irradiation in patients with breast cancer after mastectomy.Methods From June 1999 to December 2007,280 women with localized breast cancer received postmastectomy radiotherapy using electron beam to chest wall.The effcacy and toxicity of these 280 women was compared with 118 women treated during the same period using tangential field with photon beam.Results The follow-up rate was 93.2%.140 patients had a minimum followed up time of 5 years and 12 patients had a minimum follow up time of 10 years.The 5-year and 10-year chest wall recurrence rates were 6.8%and 5.0%.14.8%and 10.1%for patients irradiated with electron and photon(X2=1.12,P=0.290).The corresponding 5-year and 10-year disease-free survival rates were 60.6%and 65.5%,47.6%and 57.3%(X2=0.97,P=0.325).The 5-year and 10-year overall survival rates were 77.5%and 79.6%,48.4%and 53.3%(X2=0.37,P=0.545).Grade Ⅱ or more acute skin toxicity occurred in 10.4%and 16.9%of patients irradiated with electron and photon(X2=3.34.P=0.090).Pulmonary fibrosis developed in 28.8%and 22.1% of patients irradiated with electron and photon(X2=1.27,P=0.300).Conclusion Electron-beam chest-wall irradiation is as effective as photon-beam irradiation in breast cancer after mustectomy.     

125Ⅰ粒子治疗头颈部肿瘤颈淋巴结放疗后复发的结果分析

目的 探讨125I粒子植入治疗头颈部肿瘤单纯放疗后淋巴结复发及颈清扫+放疗后淋巴结复发患者疗效.方法 2002年9月至2009年7月收治的36例患者入组,其中单纯颈部放疗后淋巴结复发17例,颈清扫+放疗后淋巴结复发19例.局部麻醉超声或CT引导下植入3～78个粒子.粒子针间距1 cm,后退式植入粒子间距为1 cm,距影像学边界外0.5 cm.术后剂量验证实际D90为90～160 Gy,中位数130Gy.结果 随访率为100%,随访满1、2年者分别为11、3例.总反应率为81%,1、2年局部控制率分别为69%、35%,生存率分别为50%、22%;颈清扫+放疗后复发组的1、2年局部控制率分别为72%、54%,单纯颈部放疗后复发组分别为67%、50%(χ2=0.00,P=0.965);生存率分别为48%、13%和51%、39%(χ2=0.17,P=0.676).结论 125I粒子植入治疗头颈部肿瘤单纯放疗后淋巴结复发及颈清扫+放疗后淋巴结复发患者是一种安全、有效的微创挽救治疗手段.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the efficacy and the feasibility of 125I seed implantation for recurrence cervical lymph node of head and neck tumor after radiotherapy or radiotherapy plus neck dissection. Methods Thirty-six patients with the recurrence cervical lymphnode of head and neck tumor after radiotherapy (17 patients) or radiotherapy plus neck dissection (19 patients) were treated with 125I seed implantation guided by ultrasound or CT under local anesthesia. The median number of seeds was 27( range from 3 to 78 ). Postoperative quality evaluation were routinely obtained for all patients. The actuarial D90 ranged from 90-160 Gy (median, 130 Gy). Results The follow-up rate was 100%. The number of the patients who were followed up over 1-and 2-year were 11 and 3. The overall response rate was 81%. The 1-and 2-year over local control rates, over survival rates were 69% and 35%, 50% and 22%, respectively.The 1-and 2-year local control rates in patients with recurrence node after radiotherapy plus neck dissection were 72% and 54%, while those were 67% and 50% in patients with recurrence node after radiotherapy,respectively (χ2=00,P=0.965). The 1-and 2-year survival rates in two groups were 48%, 13% , and 51%, 39%, respectively (χ2=0.17, P=0.676). Conclusions 125I seed implantation is a safe,minimal invasive with low morbidity and high efficacy salvage treatment method for cervical lymph node recurrence of head and neck tumor after radiotherapy with or without neck dissection.     

1030例早期乳腺癌术后放疗不同年龄组的预后分析

Objective To analyze the prognostic value of age in patients with early stage breast cancer. Methods The clinical characteristics of 1030 patients with early stage breast cancer (the number of positive axillary lymph nodes was less than 3) were retrospectively reviewed. Of all the patients, 468(stage Ⅰ, n = 227; and stage Ⅱ , n = 241) received breast conserving surgery (BCS) and 562 (stage Ⅰ, n =184; and stage Ⅱ, n= 378) received modified mastectomy. Patients were divided into young-age group (≤35,136 patients), middle-age group (> 35-≤60,738 patients) and old-age group (> 60,156 patients).The number of patients without postoperative radiation therapy after BCS is 16, 60 and 39 in the three groups, respectively. Two-dimensional conventional fractionated radiotherapy was administered. The prognostic value of the tumor size, status of axillary lymph nodes or hormonal receptors, postoperative radiation therapy were analyzed. Results The follow-up rate was 97.86%. Of 795 patients followed up more than 5 years, 110,569 and 116 patients were devided into the three groups, respectively. There were 40, 202 and 87 patients without radiation therapy in the three groups. The 5-year recurrence rates of the three groups were 6. 2%, 8. 7% and 10. 4% (χ2 = 1.14, P= 0.567). The 5-year distant metastasis rates were4.3% , 9.5 % and2. 5% (χ2 = 5.31 , P = 0. 070) . The5 - year survival rates were9l. 2% , 92. 6%and 82. 1% (χ2 = 6. 83, P = 0.033). The young-age group had more tumors smaller than 2. 0 cm (65.4%), less positive axillary lymph nodes (13.2%), poorer differential tumor and less positive hormone acceptors (48.0%). Of patients with tumor larger than 2. 0 cm who had no radiotherapy after BCS, the 5-year survival rates were 94%, 87% and 71% (χ2= 20.69, P= 0.000) in the three groups. The corresponding recurrence rates were 23%, 18% ,7%, (χ2 = 9. 97, P = 0. 007), and distant metastasis rates were23%, 25% and 10% (χ2 =8.51, P=0. 014). Conclusions The age is an important prognostic factor in patients with early stage breast cancer undergoing BCS, but not in those undergoing modified mastectomy.     

1030例早期乳腺癌术后放疗不同年龄组的预后分析

Objective To analyze the prognostic value of age in patients with early stage breast cancer. Methods The clinical characteristics of 1030 patients with early stage breast cancer (the number of positive axillary lymph nodes was less than 3) were retrospectively reviewed. Of all the patients, 468(stage Ⅰ, n = 227; and stage Ⅱ , n = 241) received breast conserving surgery (BCS) and 562 (stage Ⅰ, n =184; and stage Ⅱ, n= 378) received modified mastectomy. Patients were divided into young-age group (≤35,136 patients), middle-age group (> 35-≤60,738 patients) and old-age group (> 60,156 patients).The number of patients without postoperative radiation therapy after BCS is 16, 60 and 39 in the three groups, respectively. Two-dimensional conventional fractionated radiotherapy was administered. The prognostic value of the tumor size, status of axillary lymph nodes or hormonal receptors, postoperative radiation therapy were analyzed. Results The follow-up rate was 97.86%. Of 795 patients followed up more than 5 years, 110,569 and 116 patients were devided into the three groups, respectively. There were 40, 202 and 87 patients without radiation therapy in the three groups. The 5-year recurrence rates of the three groups were 6. 2%, 8. 7% and 10. 4% (χ2 = 1.14, P= 0.567). The 5-year distant metastasis rates were4.3% , 9.5 % and2. 5% (χ2 = 5.31 , P = 0. 070) . The5 - year survival rates were9l. 2% , 92. 6%and 82. 1% (χ2 = 6. 83, P = 0.033). The young-age group had more tumors smaller than 2. 0 cm (65.4%), less positive axillary lymph nodes (13.2%), poorer differential tumor and less positive hormone acceptors (48.0%). Of patients with tumor larger than 2. 0 cm who had no radiotherapy after BCS, the 5-year survival rates were 94%, 87% and 71% (χ2= 20.69, P= 0.000) in the three groups. The corresponding recurrence rates were 23%, 18% ,7%, (χ2 = 9. 97, P = 0. 007), and distant metastasis rates were23%, 25% and 10% (χ2 =8.51, P=0. 014). Conclusions The age is an important prognostic factor in patients with early stage breast cancer undergoing BCS, but not in those undergoing modified mastectomy.     

食管癌大体肿瘤靶区的体积分级与病理T分期的关系

Objective Using the volume calculating function of treatment planning system of 3DCRT to work out the value of GTV standard classifications and to provide the reference for clinical staging of esophageal carcinoma. Methods Six hundred and seven patients underwent radical resection of thoracic esophageal carcinoma in our hospital, and their pre-operative CT images were transmitted in digital format to the three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy planning system by the network. Esophageal lesion GTV targets were outlined, and their volumes were automatically computed by the planning system. Compared the differences of the GTV volumes in different pathological T stages, and analyzed the relationship between GTV volumes and pathological T stages. According to the median volume of GTV at different pathological T stages, divided the values of GTV volume coresponding to different T stages and selected the suitable classification standard of GTV volume. Results The esophageal carcinoma GTV length, maximum diameter and volume were related to pathological T staging and with a positive correlation (all P < 0. 001 ). The Spearman correlation coefficient (r) was 0.376, 0.466 and 0.464, respectively, P < 0.001. Except that the length, maximum diameter and volume of GTV in pathological T3 and T4 had no significant difference, other indicators of the pathological T stages showed significant differences between the groups (P < 0. 001 ). According to the median volume of GTV at different pathological T stages, the GTV volumes were divided into three grades; ≤5.0 cm3,5. 1-13.0 cm3,and > 13.0 cm3. When compared them with pathological T1, T2, and T3 -T4 stages, the coincidence rate was 73. 8%. The consistency was good between the GTV volume grades and pathological T stages ( Kappa = 0. 40, P < 0. 001 ). Hie overall 5-year survival rates of GTV grades 1,2,3 were 78. 1% , 31.5% and 33. 5% , respectively (P < 0. 0001). If the GTVs were divided into four grades; ≤5.0 cm3,5.1-13.0 cm3,13.1-39.0 cm3 ,and >39.0 cm3, the coincidence rate of GTV volume grades and pathology T staging was only 54. 7% , and the consistency was poor, Kappa = 0.24,P<0.001. The overall 5-year survival rate of GTV 1, 2, 3, 4 were 78. 1% , 31.5% , 36.2% and 27.5%, respectively ( P < 0.0001). Conclusion The length, maximum diameter and volume of esophageal carcinoma GTV are related to pathological T staging with a positive correlation. The classification that esophageal carcinoma GTVs divided into three grades has a good coincidence with the pathological T staging.     

287例盆腔及腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术与卵巢上皮性癌生存预后的临床分析

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy and the prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods: 287 patients suffering from primary epithelial ovarian cancer from 1995 to 2005 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The 3-, 5-, 10-year survival with systematic lymphadenectomy (SL) were slightly higher than those without SL, but there were no statistically significance (P ＞ 0.05). The 3-, 5-, 10-year survival of clinical stages without SL were lower than those with SL, but there were no significant difference either (P ＞ 0.05). The 3-,5-, and 10-year survival rates with SL were higher than those without SL with no statistically differences (P ＞ 0.05) among the subgroups such as absent, ≤ 2 cm and ＞ 2 cm residual tumor. The survival rates of the groups without residual tumor and the group with ≤ 2cm residual tumor were significantly higher than that of ＞ 2 cm (P ＜ 0.005). On multivariate analysis, patient staging (P = 0.01)and size of residual disease after primary cytoreductive surgery (P ＜ 0.001 and = 0.002, respectively) retained prognostic significance. SL was not proved to be an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.69). Conclusion: Systematic pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy can not improve and prolong the survival time significantly.     

The Eff ect of the Surgical Margins on the Outcome of Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Single Institution Experience

Objective To assess the impact of close or positive surgical margins on the outcome,and to determine whether margin status influence the recurrence rate and the overall survival for patients with head and neck cancers. Methods Records from 1996 to 2001 of 413 patients with primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) treated with surgery as the first line treatment were analysed.Of these patients,82 were eligible for the study.Patients were followed up for 5 years. Results Patients with margins between 5-10 mm had 50%recurrence rate(RR),those with surgical margins between 1-5 mm had RR of 59%and those with positive surgical margins had RR of 90%(P=0.004).The 5-year survival rates were 54%,39%and 10%,respectively(P=0.002). Conclusions Unsatisfactory surgical margin is an independent risk factor for recurrence free survival as well as overall survival regardless of the other tumor and patient characteristics.     

非手术治疗食管癌临床分期标准对225例放疗患者的预后评价

Objective To analyze the prognosis of 225 patients according with clinical staging of esophageal carcinoma treated with non-surgical methods, and investigate the practicality and predictive value of the clinical staging. Methods From March 2001 to July 2007, 225 patients with esophageal carcinoma received 3DCRT treatment. The prescribed doses were ranged from 5000 -7000 cGy with the median dose of 6400 cGy, 25 patients received accelerative radiation of 300 cGy per fraction after conventional radiotherapy of 3000 -4000 cGy, 57 patients received concurrent chemotherapy with or without consolidation chemotherapy. All the patients were divided into subgroups of different T stages, different N stages and different TNM stages. Local control rates, survival rates were observed and Cox regression analysis were performed to search valuable prognostic factors. Results The following-up rate was 99. 6%. The 3-and 5-years following-up number were 116 and 33 patients, respectively. The 1 -,3-,and 5-year local control rates were 77. 2% ,48.2% and 34. 5%, respectively. The 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival rates were 68.4% ,33.7% and 20. 8%, respectively. The median survival time was 20 months. There were significant difference between survival curves for T1-4 stages, N0-2 stages and Ⅰ - Ⅲ stages with x2 value of 13.07,20. 49 and 17.16, with P value of 0. 004,0. 000 and 0. 000, respectively. For the group of stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, the 1-,3-,and 5-year survival rates were 89.4% ,56. 1% ,and 37.8% ;69.6% ,32. 4% ,and 18.0%and 47. 2%, 19. 5%, and 13. 0%, respectively. According to the result of Cox regression analysis, the tumor length of CT scan, clinical N stage, short term restlt were most valuable predictive factors.Conclusions The clinical staging of esophageal carcinoma treated with non-surgical methods could predict the prognosis accurately, clinical N stage may have more closely association with prognosis, however, some details of the staging program need more consummate.     

Prognostic value and predictive threshold of tumor volume for patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving intensity-modulated radiotherapy

Background:Gross target volume of primary tumor (GTV?P) is very important for the prognosis prediction of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but it is unknown whether the same is true for locally advanced NPC patients treated with intensity?modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). This study aimed to clarify the prognostic value of tumor volume for patient with locally advanced NPC receiving IMRT and to ifnd a suitable cut?off value of GTV?P for prognosis prediction. Methods:Clinical data of 358 patients with locally advanced NPC who received IMRT were reviewed. Receiver oper?ating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the cut?off values of GTV?P for the prediction of different end?points [overall survival (OS), local relapse?free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis?free survival (DMFS), and disease?free survival (DFS)] and to test the prognostic value of GTV?P when compared with that of the American Joint Committee on Cancer T staging system. Results:The 358 patients with locally advanced NPC were divided into two groups by the cut?off value of GTV?P as determined using ROC curves: 219 (61.2%) patients with GTV?P≤46.4mL and 139 (38.8%) with GTV?P>46.4mL. The 3?year OS, LRFS, DMFS, and DFS rates were all higher in patients with GTV?P≤46.4mL than in those with GTV?P>46.4mL (allP<0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that GTV?P>46.4mL was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for patient survival. The ROC curve veriifed that the predictive ability of GTV?P was superior to that of T category (P<0.001). The cut?off values of GTV?P for the prediction of OS, LRFS, DMFS, and DFS were 46.4, 57.9, 75.4 and 46.4mL, respectively. Conclusion:In patients with locally advanced NPC, GTV?P>46.4mL is an independent unfavorable prognostic indi?cator for survival after IMRT, with a prognostic value superior to that of T category.     

肿瘤体积和放疗剂量对体部γ刀治疗肝细胞肝癌的预后影响

目的 探索GTV和放疗剂量对体部γ刀治疗肝细胞肝癌的预后影响。 方法 回顾分析2012—2015年间 69例体部γ刀治疗肝细胞肝癌患者临床资料。采用50%或60%等剂量曲线覆盖计划靶区,单次 4~5 Gy,边缘总剂量 36~50 Gy (中位数45 Gy)。观察其近期疗效、总生存期及不良反应。采用ROC曲线确定肿瘤体积最佳界值。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Logrank检验和单因素分析,Cox模型多因素分析。 结果 69例患者放疗近期总有效率为67%。1、2年生存率分别为62%、40%,中位生存期18.6个月。多因素分析显示GTV<93 cm³(P=0.013)及放疗近期有效(P=0.000)是影响生存的因素。GTV<93 cm³时患者≥45 Gy亚组预后明显好于<45 Gy亚组(P=0.019),而GTV≥93 cm³组患者中剂量大小对生存期无明显影响(P=0.665)。 结论 肿瘤体积是影响局部晚期肝癌患者生存的独立预后因素。小体积肿瘤行大剂量放疗患者生存获益。对肿瘤体积较大患者不宜强行追求高剂量照射。     

肿瘤局部相关因素对N0期食管癌IMRT预后影响

目的 探讨食管癌肿瘤局部相关因素对接受根治性放化疗N0期食管鳞癌患者GTV内复发的影响,并分析对10年长期生存的影响。方法 对河北医科大学第四医院2005-2010年收治的根治性放化疗临床N0期食管鳞癌患者374例进行回顾分析。284例累及野照射,90例择性淋巴结照射。69l例同期放化疗,38例序贯放化疗。Kaplan-Meier法生存分析,Cox模型多因素预后分析。结果全组患者出现GTV内复发143例(38.2%),GTV内复发者GTV最大横径(GTV-D)、GTV体积(GTV-V)和GTV-体积/长度(GTV-V/L)均显著长于GTV内未失败者(P=0.008、0.043、0.001)。ROC曲线分析结果显示GTV-D、GTV长度(GTV-L)、GTV-V和GTV-V/L判断GTV内复发的最佳诊断阈值分别为3.5cm、5.5cm、24.0cm³和4.6cm²(P=0.000、0.003、0.000、0.000),且其值较大者GTV内复发比率均大于其余组(P=0.000、0.002、0.001、0.000)。GTV-L和GTV-V/L为影响GTV内复发的因素(P=0.021、0.009)。全组3、5、10年生存率分别为42.9%、23.2%和7.9%,多因素分析结果显示年龄、T分期、联合化疗、GTV-D和GTV-V/L为影响生存的因素(P=0.027、0.000、0.018、0.009、0.034)。生存时间≥5年的主要死亡原因仍与肿瘤相关。结论 食管癌肿瘤局部相关因素对接受根治性放化疗临床N0食管鳞癌患者GTV内复发有显著影响,可作为GTV内复发的预测指标。GTV-D和GTV-V/L为显著影响患者10年生存的因素。     

肿瘤局部相关因素对N0期食管癌IMRT预后影响

目的 探讨食管癌肿瘤局部相关因素对接受根治性放化疗N0期食管鳞癌患者GTV内复发的影响,并分析对10年长期生存的影响。方法 对河北医科大学第四医院2005-2010年收治的根治性放化疗临床N0期食管鳞癌患者374例进行回顾分析。284例累及野照射,90例择性淋巴结照射。69l例同期放化疗,38例序贯放化疗。Kaplan-Meier法生存分析,Cox模型多因素预后分析。结果全组患者出现GTV内复发143例(38.2%),GTV内复发者GTV最大横径(GTV-D)、GTV体积(GTV-V)和GTV-体积/长度(GTV-V/L)均显著长于GTV内未失败者(P=0.008、0.043、0.001)。ROC曲线分析结果显示GTV-D、GTV长度(GTV-L)、GTV-V和GTV-V/L判断GTV内复发的最佳诊断阈值分别为3.5cm、5.5cm、24.0cm³和4.6cm²(P=0.000、0.003、0.000、0.000),且其值较大者GTV内复发比率均大于其余组(P=0.000、0.002、0.001、0.000)。GTV-L和GTV-V/L为影响GTV内复发的因素(P=0.021、0.009)。全组3、5、10年生存率分别为42.9%、23.2%和7.9%,多因素分析结果显示年龄、T分期、联合化疗、GTV-D和GTV-V/L为影响生存的因素(P=0.027、0.000、0.018、0.009、0.034)。生存时间≥5年的主要死亡原因仍与肿瘤相关。结论 食管癌肿瘤局部相关因素对接受根治性放化疗临床N0食管鳞癌患者GTV内复发有显著影响,可作为GTV内复发的预测指标。GTV-D和GTV-V/L为显著影响患者10年生存的因素。     

食管癌患者肿瘤体积对 T分期及预后的影响分析

目的：探讨食管癌患者大体肿瘤体积（ gross tumor volume,GTV）对T分期及预后的影响。方法收集198例行根治性切除治疗的食管癌患者的临床资料,观察不同GTV分级的病理T分期分布情况、5年生存情况以及局部区域复发率和远处转移率。结果 GTV 分级与T 分期总符合率为72．16％,一致性分析显示两者存在一致性（ Kappa ＝0．402,P＜0．01）。随着GTV分级升高T分期逐渐增加,且相邻T分期GTV分布有重叠现象;随着GTV分级升高食管癌患者整体生存率呈逐渐下降趋势,差异具有统计学意义（χ2＝21．900,P＝0．000）。 GTVⅠ级组和Ⅱ级组1、3、5年生存率及平均生存时间均显著高于GTVⅢ级组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。随着GTV分级升高食管癌患者整体局部区域复发率先下降后升高,差异具有统计学意义（χ2＝7．58,P＝0．023）;随着GTV分级升高食管癌患者整体远处转移率呈现逐渐升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义（χ2＝0．579,P＝0．797）。结论随着食管癌患者GTV增大T分期逐渐增加,5年生存率逐渐下降,局部复发率和远处转移率逐渐增加。     

食管癌大体肿瘤靶区的体积分级与病理T分期的关系

目的 拟定出食管癌大体肿瘤靶区(GTV)的体积分级界限值,为非手术治疗食管癌的临床分期提供依据.方法 将607例行根治性切除术的胸段食管癌患者的术前CT图像传输到三维适形放疗计划系统中,勾画出食管病变局部的GTV,并计算GTV的体积大小.比较术后不同病理T分期时GTV体积的差异,分析GTV体积与病理T分期的关系及其对预后的影响.以各病理T分期的GTV体积中位值为依据,并考虑生存曲线的分离程度,筛选出合适的GTV体积分级界限值.结果 食管癌GTV的长度、最大直径和体积均与术后病理T分期呈正相关(均P<0.001).除术后病理T3期与T4期的GTV长度、最大直径和体积差异未见统计学意义外,其他各病理T分期的上述指标间的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001).以术后不同病理T分期的GTV体积中位值为依据,将食管癌GTV体积分为3级,即≤5.0 cm3、5.1～13.0 cm3和>13.0 cm3,与病理T1、T2、T3～4期的符合率达73.8%,两者的一致性较好(Kappa=0.40).GTV体积1、2、3级患者的术后5年生存率分别为78.1%、31.5%和33.5%(P<0.0001).综合考虑预后情况后,将食管癌GTV体积分为4级,即≤5.0cm3、5.1～13.0 cm3、13.1-39.0 cm3和>39.0 cm3,与术后病理T分期的符合率仅为54.7%,GTV体积四分级与术后病理T分期间的一致性较差(Kappa=0.24).GTV体积1、2、3、4级患者的术后5年生存率分别为78.1%、31.5%、36.2%和27.5%(P<0.0001).结论 食管癌GTV长度、最大直径和体积均与术后病理T分期呈正相关关系,GTV体积的三分级标准与术后病理T分期的一致性较好.     

食管癌CT图像GTV与三维放疗预后关系分析

目的 观察食管鳞癌患者CT图像GTV与非手术T分期关系及各级GTV体积的生存率,探讨GTV体积对食管鳞癌三维放疗预后的影响。方法 回顾分析2003—2009年间无淋巴结及远处转移的食管鳞癌患者223例,三维放疗处方剂量50~70 Gy。依据不同百分位间距将GTV体积按3、4分级法分别划分为3、4个组。Spearman等级相关分析非手术T分期与GTV的关系。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并Logrank法检验。结果 随访率为98.2%,随访时间满3年者163例。非手术T₁₊₂、T₃、T₄期患者GTV体积中位数分别为19.31、33.69、41.25 cm³,呈正相关(P=0.000)。GTV 3分级3个组的3年生存率分别为59%、43%、24%(P=0.000),4分级4个组的分别为55%、51%、31%、24%(P=0.004)。GTV体积中位数≤35、>35 cm³患者首位死因均为局控失败(57.9%∶52.1%),大肿瘤死于未控及出血较多[21.9%∶9.4%(P=0.046)及13.8%∶3.1%(P=0.029)],2例治疗相关死亡。结论 食管癌放疗患者GTV体积与非手术T分期呈正相关,GTV体积3分级法和4分级法均可用于评价预后,3分级法与预后关系更为紧密。肿瘤体积较大者放疗后未控、出血率高于小肿瘤患者,治疗相关死亡风险高。     

548例食管癌3DRT的GTV受量分析与预后

目的 探讨食管癌患者3DRTGTV受量差异对食管癌放疗LC及生存的影响,为临床提供参考依据并指导治疗。方法 2004—2010年548例食管鳞癌患者接受60 Gy常规分割3DRT,根据治疗计划GTV实际受量差异进行分组。GTV高受量组201例,低受量组347例。Kaplan-Meier法计算LC、OS率并Logrank法检验和单因素分析,Cox模型多因素预后分析。结果 随访时间满5、7年样本数分别为456、216例。GTV高和低受剂量组1、3、5、7年LC率分别为83.5%、62.6%、57.5%、52.9%和71.3%、44.8%、41.7%、38.8%,OS率分别为79.6%、44.3%、34.0%、26.1%和66.3%,29.7%、21.8%、17.0%(P=0.000、0.000)。单因素分析显示GTVD_min、GTVD_mean、GTVD₁₀₀为预后影响因素(P=0.000、0.001、0.000),GTV低受量组与高受量组相比相对T分期偏晚(P=0.035)、肿瘤体积较大(38.2 cm³:48.1 cm³,P=0.002)。多因素分析显示肿瘤部位、GTV高低受量分组为预后影响因素。结论 食管癌3DRT计划GTV剂量学保障及优质计划为生存获益因素。GTVD_min、GTVD_mean、GTVD₁₀₀实际受量低于处方剂量者预后较差。     

残余瘤大小对Ⅲc~Ⅳ期卵巢透明细胞癌患者预后的影响

目的探讨术后残余瘤大小对Ⅲc~Ⅳ期卵巢透明细胞癌患者预后的影响。方法回顾性分析42例Ⅲc~Ⅳ期卵巢透明细胞癌患者的临床资料,按照残余瘤大小将患者分为3组,通过方差分析和卡方检验来判断临床特征在组别间的分布差异,用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线来评估患者的生存率,组间差异采用log-rank分析方法,并用COX单因素和多因素分析判断影响患者预后的独立危险因素。结果对患者的临床特征进行比较,发现腹水和无铂间期分布存在差异,其余因素的分布无统计学差异。生存分析发现无残余瘤组、残余瘤≤1 cm组和残余瘤>1 cm组患者的3年OS率分别为60.2%、10.7%和0.0%(P=0.023)以及1年PFS率分别为75.0%、44.3%和25.0%(P=0.000)。单因素分析发现残余瘤和无铂间期均影响患者的OS和PFS;COX多因素分析发现无铂间期是影响患者OS的独立危险因素,而影响患者PFS的独立危险因素为残余瘤和无铂间期。结论术后残余瘤≤1 cm可提高Ⅲc~Ⅳ期卵巢透明细胞癌患者的PFS,但只有在术后无残余瘤时才能提高患者的OS。     

原发性肝癌大分割三维适形放疗的预后因素分析

目的评价大分割三维适形放射治疗(3DCRT)对原发性肝癌的疗效,探讨其预后影响因素。方法对128例原发性肝癌进行大分割3DCRT。按UICC/AJCC分期,T3期83例,T4期45例,均为N0。合并有门脉癌栓(PVTT)34例,无PVTT94例。根据肝硬化Child-Pugh分级,A级108例,B级20例。大体肿瘤体积(GTV)为(458.92±429.8)cm3,中位值304.5cm3;每次分割剂量4~8Gy,照射次数7~15次;肿瘤剂量38~74Gy,每周3次,隔日一次。结果7例患者大分割3DCRT后3个月内死亡,诊断为放射性肝病,未能评价疗效。总有效(CR+PR)率为55.4%(67/121),1,2,3年生存率分别为65.0%、43.3%和33.1%。T分期、GTV、PVTT和Child-Pugh分级对预后的影响有统计学意义(P均<0.01),GTV和Child-Pugh分级是独立的预后因子(P=0.044和0.015,RR=1.001和2.528)。结论UICC/AJCCT分期和PVTT对肝癌大分割3DCRT的生存率有影响,GTV和Child-Pugh分级是独立预后因子。