替罗非班对血管内介入治疗急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后的影响

目的 探讨替罗非班对血管内介入治疗急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者预后的影响。方法选取2020年3月至2022年3月重庆市开州区人民医院和恩施土家族苗族自治州中心医院共同收治的102例AIS患者,随机分为观察组(51例)和对照组(51例)。对照组接受血管内介入术治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予替罗非班治疗。比较两组治疗有效率、药物安全性、治疗前后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、改良RANKIN量表(mRS)评分、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、神经生长因子(NGF)、S100 β及血小板功能指标。结果 观察组和对照组治疗总有效率分别为74.51%、60.78%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,观察组NIHSS评分、mRS评分、血清S100 β水平及血小板聚集率、血小板黏附率、最大聚集时间均低于对照组,而血清BDNF、NGF水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者任何出血、症状性颅内出血(sICH)、复发率及病死率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 替罗非班辅助血管内介入术治疗AIS可有效改善患者血小板功能,促进神经功能恢复,且安全性良好。     

阿替普酶静脉溶栓后联合替罗非班治疗急性缺血性脑卒中安全性及有效性的Meta分析

目的 评价阿替普酶(rt-PA)静脉溶栓后联合替罗非班治疗急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)的安全性及有效性.方法 检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane图书馆、万方数据库、中国知网中截至到2021年6月的AIS患者rt-PA静脉溶栓后联合替罗非班(联合用药组)与单纯rt-PA静脉溶栓治...     

血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂治疗急性缺血性卒中的研究进展

血小板活化在血栓形成中起着重要作用,虽然阿替普酶（alteplase,rtPA）静脉溶栓是治疗 急性缺血性卒中（acute ischemic stroke,AIS）的标准治疗,但国内外一直在探索联合或单独使用各类 抗血小板药物在治疗AIS中的作用。抑制血小板聚集过程最后共同通路的新型抗血小板药物血小板 糖蛋白（GP）Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂,在急性冠脉综合征（acute coronary syndrome,ACS）等心血管疾病 中的安全性和有效性已得到验证,但在AIS中的作用尚存争议,本文拟就相关临床研究作一综述。     

急性缺血性脑卒中机械取栓术中应用替罗非班效果的Meta分析

目的 系统评价急性缺血性脑卒中机械取栓术中应用替罗非班的安全性及疗效。方法 计算机检索中国知网、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane等数据库,检索急性缺血性脑卒中取栓术中机械使用替罗非班的随机对照试验,试验组机械取栓术中应用替罗非班,对照组术中不应用替罗非班。结局指标为治疗后血管再通率、出血率、3个月预后。采用ReVMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 纳入的6篇文献中,3篇为英文,3篇中文,共计642例,试验组266例,对照组376例。Meta分析结果显示,两组血管再通率、出血风险以及3个月预后良好率均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 急性缺血性脑卒中取栓术中应用替罗非班并不能显著提升血管再通率,但也未明显增加出血风险,对3个月预后也无显著影响,因此,不建议急性缺血性脑卒中取机械栓术中常规使用替罗非班。     

替罗非班在缺血性脑血管病治疗中的应用

<正>替罗非班(tirofiban)是一种非肽类的血小板糖蛋白IIb/IIIa(glycoprotein IIb/IIIa,GPIIb/IIIa)受体的可逆性拮抗剂。其发挥抗血小板聚集作用是通过阻止纤维蛋白原与血小板表面的IIb/IIIa受体结合实现的,从而抑制血栓生长,且通过与纤维蛋白原的竞争性抑制防止血栓再生,有利于内源性血栓溶解,比传统的抗血小板药物(阿司匹林或氯吡格雷)具有     

急性缺血性脑卒中血管内治疗21例临床分析

目的探讨急性缺血性脑卒中血管内治疗的方法、疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析血管内治疗的大血管闭塞的急性缺血性脑卒中患者21例。10例为阿替普酶静脉溶栓后桥接血管内治疗,11例直接行血管内治疗。其中机械取栓12例,机械取栓+支架植入3例,单纯颈动脉支架植入3例,机械取栓+动脉溶栓1例,机械取栓+动脉溶栓+支架植入1例,单纯动脉溶栓1例。评估术中mTICI再通等级、并发症及术后随访第90天m RS评分,分析疗效与安全性。结果21例患者前循环卒中18例,后循环卒中3例。NIHSS评分平均15. 81±6. 44分。20例患者术后血管再通达mTICI 2 b-3级。术中并发出血1例,术后大量颅内出血1例,无症状少量颅内出血4例。术后高灌注综合征8例,其中4例行去骨瓣减压术,最终死亡5例(23. 81%)。术后随访第90天mRS评分0～2分8例。结论经充分评估并及时采取适宜的单一或多种血管内治疗方法对于大血管闭塞导致的急性缺血性脑卒中患者安全有效。     

替罗非班联合强化降血压在急性缺血性脑卒中机械取栓术后应用的临床分析

目的 探讨替罗非班联合强化降血压治疗在急性缺血性卒中(acute ischemic stroke, AIS)机械取栓术后应用的有效性及安全性。方法 前瞻性分析2020年1月至2022年1月湖南省郴州市第一人民医院神经内科收治的接受直接脑动脉机械取栓术的AIS患者共120例,随机分为强化降压组(60例)及对照组(60例),两组患者机械取栓术后接受相同的抗血小板方案：术后静脉泵入替罗非班,术后24 h口服阿司匹林肠溶片(100 mg, 1次/d)联合氯吡格雷(75 mg, 1次/d),术后28 h停用替罗非班。强化降压组术后静脉泵入降压药物将收缩压控制在100～120 mmHg,对照组术后将收缩压控制在120～140 mmHg。比较两组患者机械取栓术后24 h脑水肿加重程度,住院期间症状性脑出血发生率、脑血管再闭塞发生率,取栓后90 d患者改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分0～2分者比例。结果 强化降压组脑水肿加重程度、症状性脑出血发生率显著低于对照组(均P<0.05);取栓后90 d mRS评分0～2分者比例高于对照组(P<0.05);两组间比较脑血管再闭塞发生率差异无统计学...     

血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb／Ⅲa受体拮抗剂在缺血性脑卒中应用的现状

血小板糖蛋白（GP）Ⅱh／Ⅲa受体拮抗剂是一类新型抗血小板聚集药物,它通过抑制纤维蛋白原（Fg）与GPⅡb／Ⅲa特异性结合,有效地阻止各种途径诱导的血小板聚集,从而达到最大程度的抗血小板作用。在心血管领域已有大量的临床循证医学证据表明,GPⅡb／Ⅲa受体拈抗剂在急性冠脉综合征（ACS）和经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）抗栓中的疗效和安全性。近年来,国外开始陆续有GPⅡb／Ⅲa受体拮抗剂应用于缺血性脑卒中的报道,而国内的研究几乎是空白。藉此,本文就这一方面的相关研究综述如下。     

替罗非班治疗进展性脑梗死临床观察

目的 探讨替罗非班治疗进展性脑梗死疗效及安全性,尤其对进展性脑梗死的效果最佳。方法 统计郑州大学附属郑州中心医院2017-01—2018-12所有接受静脉溶栓的进展性缺血性脑梗死患者,根据患者是否应用替罗非班分为2组,观察组为接受替罗非班治疗,并根据患者的责任血管分型(大动脉粥样硬化型或小动脉闭塞型),对照组为未接受替罗非班治疗。根据美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分及改良Rankin评分(modified Rankin Scale,mRS),观察应用替罗非班前后各个时间点的进展性脑梗死患者NIHSS评分及3个月后mRS评分,评估静脉溶栓后病情仍进展的脑梗死患者应用替罗非班的疗效、安全性及替罗非班对进展性缺血性脑卒中的疗效最佳。结果 观察组1h、2h、12h、24h及7d的NIHSS评分均低于对照组,2组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组3个月的mRS评分低于对照组,2组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组中小动脉闭塞型1h、2h、12h、24h及7d的NIHSS评分低于大动脉粥样硬化型,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。3个月的mRS评分低于大动脉粥样硬化型,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 替罗非班可改善进展性脑梗死患者神经功能缺损症状,且出血风险低,尤其对小动脉闭塞型进展性脑梗死患者效果最佳。     

Factors affecting the outcomes of tirofiban after endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke: Experience from a single center

Aims

To investigate the predicted factors influencing the outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who received tirofiban after endovascular treatment (EVT) and the optimal administration of tirofiban.

Methods

In this retrospective study, AIS patients who received EVT followed by tirofiban between January 2017 and October 2021 were enrolled. The dose and duration of tirofiban were adjusted by trained clinicians according to the patient's clinical status. A reduction of at least four points on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) after tirofiban compared with that before tirofiban was defined as an effective response. A modified ranking scale (mRS) of 0–2 was defined as a favorable outcome at a 90-day follow-up.

Results

A total of 260 consecutive patients were enrolled, and 36.5% of patients achieved a favorable outcome. The modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) 2b-3 occurred in 93.5% of patients. Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) occurred in 6.2% of patients, and the mortality at 90-day follow-up was 16.9%. Duration of tirofiban >24 h (adjusted OR: 2.545; 95% CI: 1.008–6.423; p = 0.048) and effective response to tirofiban (adjusted OR: 25.562; 95% CI: 9.794–66.715; p < 0.001) were related to the favorable outcome (mRS 0–2). Higher NIHSS (adjusted OR: 0.855; 95% CI: 0.809–0.904; p < 0.001) and glucose level on admission (adjusted OR: 0.843; 95% CI: 0.731–0.971; p = 0.018) were predictive for the unfavorable outcome (mRS 3–6).

Conclusions

An effective response to tirofiban is an independent factor in predicting the long-term efficacy outcome, and extending the duration of tirofiban is beneficial for neurological improvement.     

Endovascular reperfusion therapy in acute ischaemic stroke

Objectives –  Endovascular reperfusion therapy in acute ischaemic stroke comprises a number of pharmacological and mechanical procedures. Mechanical embolectomy offers the promise of efficacious treatment for patients in whom pharmacological thrombolysis is contraindicated or might be ineffective. The purpose of this review is to outline endovascular reperfusion therapy in acute ischaemic stroke with focus on mechanical embolectomy.
Materials & methods –  Data on endovascular reperfusion therapy were acquired through searches in MEDLINE 1990–2006 by cross referencing relevant key words.
Results –  Mechanical embolectomy works well on large-volume proximal occlusions for which there was previously no effective treatment. Early safety trials are promising, efficacy in terms of recanalisation is substantial, and both safety and efficacy is expected to improve with further advances in technology.
Conclusions –  Intravenous thrombolysis with tPA revolutionised acute stroke treatment a decade ago. Endovascular reperfusion therapy now offers the promise of a second revolution, expanding the number of patients eligible and the time window open for specific stroke treatment.     

Local intraarterial tirofiban after formation of anterograde flow in patients with acute ischemic stroke: Preliminary experience and short term follow-up results

Objective

Despite the risk of intracranial hemorrhage, combination therapy with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and intraarterial mechanical thrombolysis can be effective for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. We investigated the feasibility and safety of intraarterial tirofiban following formation of anterograde flow after mechanical thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke.

Methods

We analyzed data from consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke, who underwent treatment with intraarterial thrombolysis. All patients were evaluated immediately and 7 days later by computed tomography scanning and magnetic resonance imaging scanning with magnetic resonance angiography. For clinical outcome analysis, we followed up the NIHSS score and modified Rankin Scale score during a period of 3 months.

Results

Sixteen patients underwent treatment. The mean baseline NIHSS score was 16.1 ± 4.4 points. 75.1% of patients showed angiographic improvement; 43.8% and 31.3% had complete and partial recanalization, respectively. 53.3% and 56.3% showed clinical improvement and favorable outcome at 24 h and 3 months, respectively. One patient had symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that administration of local intraarterial tirofiban after anterograde flow formation is a viable treatment strategy for patients of acute ischemic stroke for reducing the risk of reocclusion after intraarterial thrombolysis.     

Lack of improvement following endovascular therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke

Background: Recent randomized trials have consistently demonstrated a clinical benefit of endovascular therapy (ET) over best medical therapy (including intravenous (IV) thrombolysis in eligible patients) or IV thrombolysis only in selected patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to proximal occlusion in the carotid territory. Previous study demonstrates that lack of improvement (LOI) at 24 hours is an independent predictor of poor outcome and death at 3 months in patients with AIS treated with IV alteplase. However, LOI at 24 hours following ET has not been studied systematically. The purpose of this study is to identify predictors of LOI at 24 hours in patients with AIS after ET as well as the relationship between LOI and unfavorable outcome at 3 months. Methods: A total of 98 consecutive patients with AIS treated with ET in two separate stroke centers from 2010 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Data on demographics, preexisting vascular risk factors, occlusion site, pre- and post-treatment modified Treatment in Cerebral Ischemia (mTICI) classification, collaterals and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission as well as 24 hours after the endovascular procedurals were collected. LOI was defined as a reduction of 3 points or less on the NIHSS at 24 hours compared with baseline. A 3-month functional outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Unfavorable outcome was prespecified as a score of more than 2 on the mRS. The onset-to-reperfusion time (ORT) was defined as time to mTICI 2b or 3 or end of procedure. Long ORT was defined as time to reperfusion beyond 6 hours. Poor reperfusion was defined as mTICI ≦2a. The pretreatment collateral circulation extent was graded as poor (grades 0–1) or good (grades 2–4). Results: Among the 98 patients with AIS who were treated with ET, LOI was present in 48 (49%) subjects. Multivariate analysis indicated that poor collaterals (odds ratio [OR] 3.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–8.19; p = 0.012) and long ORT (OR 3.97, 95% CI: 1.66–9.54; p = 0.002) were independent predictors of LOI. LOI (OR 7.18, 95% CI: 2.39–21.61; p < 0.001) was independently associated with unfavorable outcome at 3 months. Conclusion: Among patients with AIS treated with ET, as an independent predictor of unfavorable outcome, LOI at 24 hours is associated with poor collaterals and long ORT.     

急性缺血性脑卒中血管内治疗的临床研究进展

急性缺血性脑卒中发病率和致残率高,及早恢复血流有助于改善患者的预后,机械取栓因其时间窗相对宽以及血管再通率高而备受关注。机械取栓在医疗器械上经历了从MERCI取栓系统到Solitaire FR支架、Revive SE取栓器、3D支架取栓器和Penumbra系统等的改进,取栓成功率和90 d良好预后率（改良Ranking评分低于2分）逐渐得到提高。对取栓治疗失败的补救措施进行研究。而且对特殊人群（醒后卒中、儿童、高龄、妊娠）脑卒中的取栓应用也有成功使用的研究报道。总之,机械取栓能够有效开通急性闭塞的脑部大血管,从而及时恢复急性缺血脑组织的血液供应,达到改善急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后的效果。随着取栓医疗器械和技术的不断进步,效果越来越好。