Impact of obesity on hospitalizations and mortality,due to COVID-19: A systematic review

The aim of the current review was to assess whether there was an association between obesity and higher levels of hospitalization, poor outcomes and mortality due to the disease of novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Methodology: A systematic review of articles on the novel coronavirus, containing information on obesity and its association with COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. In the bibliographic research, four databases were used, with the terms ['COVID-19′] AND ['hospitalization'] AND ['obesity'] AND ['mortality']. Studies published from 12/01/2019 until 05/01/2020 were included. The research contains inclusive criteria targeting studies of humans adults infected by Sars-Cov-2, with or without comorbidities. This research was selected from publications in Spanish and English languages. Results: 96 articles were identified, 15 being presented in two databases. Twenty articles were included, with a population total estimated from 1 to 7671 patients, with a prevalence of obesity ranging from 13.3% to 68.6%. The association of obesity and mortality has been observed in at least 4 studies, that 85.3% of the population was hospitalized. Among 19 of the 20 studies, more severe forms of the disease were observed and in 14 of them, higher rates of complications among obese people infected with the new coronavirus. Limitation differences in the definition of obesity was observed among publications, of which obesity was considered from a body mass index >25 kg/m². Conclusions: In the current review, obesity and overweight were represented an unfavorable factor for infection of novel coronavirus, where the higher the BMI the worse the outcomes. This occurred by worsening the infection itself, as well as increasing the prevalence of hospitalizations, worst outcomes and greater lethality; especially when co-occurring with other chronic conditions and in the elderly as well. Given this evidence, greater attention is suggested to the obese and overweight population in the face of the current pandemic.     

Association of obesity with illness severity in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study

BackgroundAlthough recent studies have shown an association between obesity and adverse coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient outcomes, there is a paucity in large studies focusing on hospitalized patients. We aimed to analyze outcomes associated with obesity in a large cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study at a tertiary care health system of adult patients with COVID-19 who were admitted between March 1 and April 30, 2020. Patients were stratified by body mass index (BMI) into obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2) and non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m 2) cohorts. Primary outcomes were mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, intubation, and 30-day readmission.ResultsA total of 1983 patients were included of whom 1031 (51.9%) had obesity and 952 (48.9%) did not have obesity. Patients with obesity were younger (P < 0.001), more likely to be female (P < 0.001) and African American (P < 0.001) compared to patients without obesity. Multivariable logistic models adjusting for differences in age, sex, race, medical comorbidities, and treatment modalities revealed no difference in 60-day mortality and 30-day readmission between obese and non-obese groups. In these models, patients with obesity had increased odds of ICU admission (adjusted OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.07?1.76; P = 0.012) and intubation (adjusted OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.04?1.80; P = 0.026).ConclusionsObesity in patients with COVID-19 is independently associated with increased risk for ICU admission and intubation. Recognizing that obesity impacts morbidity in this manner is crucial for appropriate management of COVID-19 patients.     

重症新型冠状病毒肺炎患者死亡风险因素研究

目的 分析重症新冠病毒肺炎住院期间死亡患者临床及实验室特点,研究死亡相关危险因素,为进一步制定新冠病毒肺炎防治策略及优化医疗资源配置提供理论依据。 方法 回顾性收集武汉市两家三甲医院重症新冠病毒肺炎患者一般临床资料、实验室检查指标,通过多因素logistic回归分析死亡相关危险因素。 结果 1002例重症新冠病毒肺炎患者中,死亡142例,健康出院860例,高血压（36.7%）及糖尿病（15.3%）是最常合并的基础疾病。多因素logistic回归分析提示:高龄（OR=1.07,95%CI: 1.04～1.09）、 中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）（OR=1.10,95%CI: 1.06～1.13）、降钙素原（PCT）大于0.5ng/ml（OR=2.17,95%CI: 1.09～4.31）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）大于300U/L（OR=2.20,95%CI: 1.23～3.91）、高敏肌钙蛋白I大于0.1ng/ml（OR=2.30,95%CI: 1.12～5.11）及C-反应蛋白（CRP）大于30mg/L（OR=3.33,95%CI: 1.95～5.71）均是重症新冠病毒肺炎死亡的独立危险因素。结论 高龄、NLR、PCT大于0.5ng/ml、LDH大于300U/L、高敏肌钙蛋白I大于0.1ng/ml及CRP大于30mg/L等入院指标为重症患者早期死亡危险因素,密切关注这些危险因素可帮助临床医务人员进行疾病死亡风险评估及判断预后。     

32例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者流行病学和临床特征分析

 目的 探讨武汉外新型冠状病毒肺炎（简称为新冠肺炎）患者流行病学和主要临床特征。方法 收集2020年1月22日—2月28日在某院收治的新冠肺炎确诊病例资料,详细询问患者接触史,比较输入病例与本地病例的临床特征以及实验室检测、影像学检查结果。结果 共纳入32例新冠肺炎确诊患者,包括14例（43.75%）输入病例和18例（56.25%）本地病例。27例（84.38%）患者具有明确的接触史,5例（15.62%）患者接触史不明。家庭聚集（66.67%）为主要传播途径。患者年龄中位数为42（32.5,50.5）岁,女性19例（59.37%）。首发症状主要为干咳（23例,71.88%）、发热（16例,50.00%）和咳痰（13例,40.63%）。潜伏期中位数为6.5（0,9）d,首发症状到确诊中位数为7（4.5,9）d,确诊到出院中位数为12（9,16）d。实验室异常指标包括白细胞计数、淋巴细胞绝对计数、清蛋白、CD4⁺和CD8⁺T淋巴细胞计数降低,C反应蛋白、D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原增高。81.25%（26例）患者肺部双侧受累。输入病例和本地病例的淋巴细胞绝对计数差异具有统计学意义（P=0.044）,其他实验室检查结果无差异（均P>0.05）。32例患者均已治愈出院。结论 该市新冠肺炎疫情处于低流行,主要表现为家庭聚集性传播,输入病例和本地病例的临床特征差异不明显。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎病例流行特征及临床特征分析

目的 分析新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）流行病学特征、临床特点及CT影像变化,为当地疫情防治提供参考依据。方法 收集商城县人民医院和罗山县人民医院2020年1月23日至2月23日收治的所有COVID-19确诊病例的病历资料及影像学资料。采用描述流行病学分析方法进行分析。结果 共收治确诊COVID-19病例50例,男女性别比为1.38∶1,平均年龄为（50.92 ± 14.63）岁,其中45~64岁31例（占62%）。39例（占78%）具有流行病学暴露史,11例（占22%）无明确的流行病学暴露史。有6起家族聚集发病现象,共涉及13例病例。潜伏期1~23 d,平均为（5.95 ± 4.24）d。发热（占84%）和咳嗽（占72%）是该病例人群主要症状。入院时43例（占86%）白细胞计数正常或者淋巴细胞计数绝对值减少,40例（占80%）红细胞沉降率增快,26例（占52%）C反应蛋白升高。15例（占30%）合并原发基础疾病。40例（占80%）使用2种及以上抗病毒药物。入院2周后40例（占80%）CT显示病灶逐渐吸收。结论 多数患者具有明确的流行病学暴露史,存在家族聚集性发病现象,临床症状以发热、咳嗽为主,白细胞正常或者减少、血沉增快较多见,对临床诊断具有参考价值,CT表现病灶面积呈先扩大后逐渐吸收的变化趋势,积极抗病毒及对症治疗症状多能好转。     

北京市新发地市场新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情相关病例的流行病学特征分析

目的:分析并比较北京市新发地市场疫情中新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）确诊病例与无症状感染者的流行病学特征。方法:收集并整理传染病报告信息管理系统中北京市新发地市场疫情中COVID-19感染者数据和流行病学调查报告资料,应用SPSS 19.0 软件分析并比较确诊病例和无症状感染者的流行病学特征。结果:2020年6月...     

Association between metabolic syndrome and mortality in patients with COVID-19: A nationwide cohort study

ObjectivesWe investigated the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and mortality among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Korea.MethodsWe analyzed 3876 individuals aged ≥ 20 years who were confirmed with COVID-19 from January 1 to June 4, 2020 based on the Korea National Health Insurance Service (NHIS)-COVID-19 database and had undergone health examination by NHIS between 2015 and 2017. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed.ResultsOf total participants, the prevalence of MetS was 21.0% (n = 815). During 58.6 days of mean follow-up, 3.1 % (n = 120) of the participants died. Compared to individuals without MetS, COVID-19 patients with MetS had a significantly increased mortality risk after adjusting for confounders in total participants (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.68, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–2.47) and women (HR: 2.41, 95 % CI: 1.17–4.96). A low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in total participants (HR: 1.63, 95 % CI: 1.12–2.37) and hyperglycemia in women (HR: 1.97, 95 % CI: 1.01–3.84) was associated with higher mortality risk. The mortality risk increased as the number of MetS components increased among total participants and women (P for trend = 0.009 and 0.016, respectively). In addition, MetS groups had higher mortality risk in aged ≥ 60 years (HR: 1.60, 95 % CI: 1.07–2.39), and never-smokers (2.08, 1.21–3.59).ConclusionsThe presence of MetS and greater number of its components were associated with increased mortality risks particularly in female patients with COVID-19. Managing MetS may contribute to better outcomes of COVID-19.     

湖南省新型冠状病毒肺炎流行特征与临床特征

目的 探讨湖南省新型冠状病毒肺炎（coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19）的流行病学与临床特征。 方法 对确诊病例的流行病学和临床特征及其影响因素进行描述与分析。 结果 湖南省累计报告COVID-19确诊病例1 019例。从2020年1月21日确诊首例输入性病例至4月1日,病例的增长首先经历快速增长期,在2月中旬病例数趋于稳定,2月下旬至3月14日,为治愈病例数持续增长的消退期。前期病例以输入性病例为主,2月2日后本地病例新增数超过了输入性病例新增数。52.7%的病例临床首发症状为发热,但部分病例为腹泻恶心等消化道症状。聚集性病例代间距为5（2,9）d,一代病例中位潜伏期为7.5（5,11）d,二代病例中位潜伏期为10（7,14）d,各地市的累计发病率与对应城市的迁徙指数呈正相关,相关系数r=0.628（P=0.016）。 结论 湖南省COVID-19的总体疫情已经得到控制,但防控境外输入性病例的压力较大,且企业复工与学生复学增加了人员的流动性,近期疫情防控形势依然严峻。     

郑州市新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情流行病学分析

目的 对郑州市新型冠状病毒肺炎流行情况及态势进行分析,评价防控措施效果。方法 收集确诊病例流行病学信息,采用描述流行病学方法对病例的发病时间、病例属性、人群特征等进行描述。结果 郑州市共报告157例确诊病例,其中输入病例91例,本土病例66例。2020年1月25日发病人数最多。2020年1月30日以后,每日新发病例以本土病例为主。累计报告30起聚集性疫情,其中家庭聚集性25起,医院聚集2起。发病至首次就诊时间间隔平均天数为2天,发病至住院隔离时间间隔平均天数为4天。结论 “外防输入,内防扩散”的防控策略正确而有效,郑州市疫情整体上呈现下降趋势。     

山西省新型冠状病毒感染肺炎流行病学分析

目的了解山西省新型冠状病毒感染肺炎的发病特征,分析发病趋势。方法收集2020年1月22日-2020年2月13日山西省卫生健康委员会网站每日公布的疫情信息进行流行病学描述性分析。主要包括:确诊、疑似、危重症病例数,治愈、死亡人数,区域分布,临床症状和接触史等内容。结果 1月22日-2月13日,山西省累计确诊病例数与尚有疑似病例数呈现先上升后下降的趋势。疑似病例和确诊病例的环比增长率呈下降趋势。在累计确诊病例中,危重症和重症患者出现先上升后下降的趋势。无死亡病例。累计治愈人数逐日增加。本地与外省返回确诊人员之间的差距逐渐减少,累计本省常住人口确诊病例数已超过累计外地来并人口确诊病例数。相关确诊病例接触史的比例逐渐减少。临床症状中,非发热症状患者比例高于发热症状患者。男性多于女性,各个年龄段均有确诊患者。晋中市确诊病例数最多。结论山西省新型冠状病毒感染肺炎的发病率趋缓,但也面临复工人口返城高峰的压力,应引起足够的重视。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎患者死亡风险列线图模型的构建与验证

目的构建列线图模型以预测新型冠状病毒病2019(COVID-19)的死亡风险,以早期筛选死亡高危患者。 方法收集2020年1月至2020年4月武汉大学人民医院(东院)和2022年4月至2022年5月上海市第九人民医院(北院)收治COVID-19患者的临床资料。以武汉大学人民医院患者(166例)作为训练集,上海市第九人民医院患者(52例)作为验证集。采用先单因素后多因素Logistic回归分析确定死亡的独立危险因素,应用R语言构建列线图模型。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)、C指数及校准曲线评估列线图模型的预测准确性及判断能力,决策曲线分析评估模型的临床应用价值。通过验证集对模型进行外部验证。 结果本研究共纳入重型/危重型COVID-19患者218例,其中67例(30.73%)死亡,多因素Logistic回归分析显示,≥3种基础疾病、APACHE Ⅱ评分(5~40分)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞(0~90)、乳酸(0~16mmol/L)均是死亡的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析显示,训练集的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.869(95%CI：0.811~0.927),验证集AUC为0.797(95%CI：0.671~0.924),训练集与验证集校准曲线经Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验(P＝0.473,P＝0.421)。临床决策曲线分析表明,该列线图预测模型的临床应用价值高。 结论本研究构建COVID-19患者死亡风险列线图模型预测效能良好,可个体化、可视化、图形化预测,有助于医师早期做出合适临床决策及诊疗。     

一起新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情流行病学调查

目的 对广西某县一起新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID - 19）聚集性疫情进行流行病学调查,旨在了解COVID - 19的流行病学特征,为疫情防控提供更多科学依据。方法 采用描述性研究方法对该聚集性病例进行时间、地区、人群等三间分布描述。结果 本起聚集性疫情共报告确诊病例19例,无症状感染者2例,临床诊断病例1例（发病未确诊）。 暴露场所主要为家庭（16例,占72.73%）、休闲广场（2例,占9.09%）、超市（4例,占18.18%）,病例分布在4个乡镇,并波及5个家庭,产生家庭四代病例传播。感染病例年龄分布在10月龄～85岁之间,年龄中位数为39.5岁,病例潜伏期为1～14 d,中位数为7 d,发病 - 就诊时间间隔为0～11 d,中位数3 d。结论 家庭暴露和公共场所暴露是导致此次新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情的关键,早期采取严格的封控措施,加强密切接触者管控可以有效阻止聚集性疫情的扩散。     

Background rates of all-cause mortality,hospitalizations, and emergency department visits among nursing home residents in Ontario,Canada to inform COVID-19 vaccine safety assessments

BackgroundNursing home (NH) residents are prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination. We report monthly mortality, hospitalizations, and emergency department (ED) visit incidence rates (IRs) during 2010–2020 to provide context for COVID-19 vaccine safety assessments.MethodsWe observed outcomes among all NH residents in Ontario using administrative databases. IRs were calculated by month, sex, and age group. Comparisons between months were assessed using one-sample t-tests; comparisons by age and sex were assessed using chi-squared tests.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2019, there were 83,453 (SD: 652.4) NH residents per month, with an average of 2.3 (SD: 0.28) deaths, 3.1 (SD: 0.16) hospitalizations, and 3.6 (SD: 0.17) ED visits per 100 residents per month. From March to December 2020, mortality IRs were increased, but hospitalization and ED visit IRs were reduced (p < 0.05).ConclusionWe identified consistent monthly mortality, hospitalization, and ED visit IRs during 2010–2019. Marked differences in these rates were observed during 2020, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic.     

甘肃省新型冠状病毒肺炎流行病学特征分析

目的 对甘肃省确诊的新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）病例进行流行病学特征分析,探索疫情流行的阶段性特征。方法 通过流行病学调查收集甘肃省COVID-19病例资料,包括基本资料、流行病学史、发病、就诊和确诊时间、临床表现等信息。结果 截至2020年2月25日,甘肃省共报告91例确诊病例,COVID-19流行分为输入病例期、输入病例与本地病例并存期、本地病例为主期3个阶段。聚集性疫情病例共63例（69.23%）。医务人员有3例,均为非职业暴露感染。首发症状为发热、咳嗽和乏力的比例分别为54.95%（50/91）、52.75%（48/91）和28.57%（26/91）,且在3个阶段中的比例呈下降趋势,但只有发热与乏力症状的差异有统计学意义（趋势χ²值分别为2.20和3.18,P<0.05）;3个阶段的重型/危重型病例比例分别为42.86%（6/14）、23.73%（14/59）和16.67%（3/18）,呈下降趋势（H=6.40,P<0.05）;潜伏期随着疫情的3个阶段有延长的趋势（F=51.65,P<0.01）;发病到就诊、发病到确诊的时间间隔随着疫情进展有缩短的趋势（F值分别为5.32和5.25,P<0.01）;基本再生数（R₀）从输入病例期的2.61降至本地病例为主期的0.66。结论 甘肃省COVID-19流行早期均为湖北省输入,聚集性疫情占三分之二,未发现医务人员职业性暴露感染。总体流行呈阶段性变化特征,随着疫情进展有首发症状不明显和潜伏期延长的特点,并提示体温监测不能作为单一的早期筛查手段。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎患者出院管理的流行病学探讨

目的分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)患者出院后的传染风险。方法收集整理分析郴州市40例确诊病例、6例无症状感染者诊断、住院治疗、出院及复查的资料,判定患者出院后是否安全。结果截至2020年5月31日,按照《诊疗方案》(试行第六版)解除隔离和出院标准,40例确诊病例全部治愈出院,确诊后住院天数7~29 d,平均12.50 d,≤14 d 29例,>14 d 11例;6例无症状感染者均治愈出院,确诊后住院天数6~16 d,平均14 d,≤14 d 5例,>14 d 1例;均经过两次以上咽拭子核酸检测阴性。6例确诊病例出院后复检核酸阳性。结论新冠肺炎患者出院后,可能仍有传染风险,建议完善出院标准,加强患者出院后管理,及时规范随访、复诊。     

Risk factors associated with COVID-19 infection and mortality in nursing homes

ObjectiveThe aim of this paper was to analyse the association of demographic, clinical and pharmacological risk factors with the presence of SARS-COV-2 virus infection, as well as to know the variables related to mortality from COVID-19 in nursing home (NH) residents.DesignRetrospective case–control study. The study variables of those residents who acquired the infection (case) were compared with those of the residents who did not acquire it (control). A subgroup analysis was carried out to study those variables related to mortality.SiteNursing homes in the region of Guipúzcoa (Spain).Participants and interventions4 NHs with outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 between March and December 2020 participated in the study. The infectivity and, secondary, mortality was studied, as well as demographic, clinical and pharmacological variables associated with them. Data were collected from the computerised clinical records.Main measurementsInfection and mortality rate. Risk factors associated with infection and mortality.Results436 residents were studied (median age 87 years (IQR 11)), 173 acquired SARS-CoV-2 (39.7%). People with dementia and Global Deterioration Scale ≥6 were less likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2 virus [OR = 0.65 (95% CI 0.43–0.97; p < .05)]. Overall case fatality rate was 10.3% (a mortality of 26% among those who acquired the infection). COVID-19 mortality was significantly associated with a Global Deterioration Scale ≥6 (OR = 4.9 (95% CI 1.5–16.1)), COPD diagnosis (OR = 7.8 (95% CI 1.9–31.3)) and antipsychotic use (OR = 3.1 (95% CI 1.0–9.0)).ConclusionsAdvanced dementia has been associated with less risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection but higher risk of COVID-19 mortality. COPD and chronic use of antipsychotics have also been associated with mortality. These results highlight the importance of determining the stage of diseases such as dementia as well as maintaining some caution in the use of some drugs such as antipsychotics.     

荆州市新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例流行病学特征及临床严重程度影响因素分析

目的 分析荆州市新型冠状病毒肺炎（简称新冠肺炎）确诊病例流行病学特征和临床严重程度影响因素,为疫情防控和病例救治提供参考依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息管理系统收集2020年1月1日至3月10日荆州市新冠肺炎确诊病例基本资料,通过现场流行病学调查获得病例临床资料和既往危险因素暴露史,描述性分析病例流行病学和临床严重程度。结果 荆州市共报告新冠肺炎确诊病例1 365例,报告发病率24.19/10万,感染呈单峰暴发模式。聚集性疫情中的确诊病例占所有确诊病例总数的31.06%,93.94%聚集性疫情发生在家庭。病例男女性别比为1.12∶1;病例年龄主要集中在30~59岁,占确诊病例总数的62.93%;离武汉最近的洪湖市报告感染率最高达46.73/10万。有79.56%的病例发病前14 d到过武汉或接触过武汉回来的人,27.25%的确诊病例发病前14 d接触过确诊病例或无症状感染者。确诊病例中有发热或咳嗽症状的分别占75.60%和56.26%。确诊病例的年龄越大、从发病到入院的时间越长、既往病史比例越高的病例群体,临床分型越严重（P<0.01）。结论 新冠肺炎疫情防控中,要早发现、实施单独隔离,防止家庭聚集性疫情发生,必要时要限制疫区人员流动,以控制大范围播散。病例救治时,要早发现,缩短病例从发病到入院的时间,重点关注年龄大、有既往病史的病例,以降低重症及危重症的比例。     

广西新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情流行病学特征分析

目的 分析广西新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情流行特征,为防控提供依据.方法 采用描述性流行病学方法,通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2020年1月22日至3月23日广西报告的252例境内COV-ID-19确诊病例资料,对病例的三间分布、暴露史和聚集性疫情特征进行回顾性分析.结果 发病主要集中在20～59岁人群...     

1 052例新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性病例流行病学特征分析

目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性病例的流行病学特征,探讨家庭因素以及集体活动等对本病传播的影响。方法 于2020年1月19日至2月25日每日从中国6个省份公布聚集性病例的36个地市官方平台收集积聚性病例数量、个案信息,采用描述性统计方法、χ²检验以及曲线拟合对聚集性病例的流行病学特征进行分析。结果 共收集聚集性病例366起1 052例,家庭聚集性病例占86.9%（914/1 052）;1 046例有性别信息的聚集性病例中,男性513例（49.0%）,女性533例（51.0%）;病例以18～59岁青壮年为主,占68.5%（711/1 038）。在366起聚集性疫情中,有47.0%（172/366）聚集性疫情的首例确诊病例曾有武汉市或湖北省旅居史。1月19日至2月3日,首例确诊病例有武汉市或湖北省旅居史占66.5%;2月4-25日聚集性病例首例确诊病例有武汉市或湖北省旅居史仅占18.2%。一代病例与二代病例发病时间间隔M为5（2～8）d,首发病例的发病—确诊时间间隔M为6（3～9）d,续发病例的发病—确诊时间间隔M为5（3～8） d。结论 聚集性疫情在武汉市和湖北省以外多地市普遍出现,家庭密切接触是造成家庭内传播的主要原因之一。2月4日后聚集性病例以当地一代或二代以后的病例传播为主,确诊时间缩短。