Rathke囊肿的CT和MRI诊断

目的:分析Rathke囊肿之CT及MRI表现.材料和方法:回顾性分析7例(男3例,女4例,平均年龄32.4岁)经手术病理证实的Rathke囊肿的CT及MRI表现.结果:7例Rathke囊肿中,单纯位于鞍内者3例,直径均小于1.2cm;鞍内鞍上者4例,直径均大于1.2cm.CT及MRI表现根据囊液成分的不同变化多样,增强扫描一般无增强,囊壁极少钙化.结论:垂体Rathke囊肿术前较难明确诊断,仔细分析其CT及MRI表现,有助于提高本病的正确诊断率.     

Rathke囊肿:CT、MRI表现与病理对照研究

目的：探讨Rathke囊肿的影像学表现与病理组织学之间的关系。材料和方法：病理证实的Rathke囊肿20例，男12例，女8例。年龄11—70岁，平均44岁。18例行CT检查，其中7例增强；12例行MRI检查，其中7例增强；20例中CT和MRI检查均进行有10例。分析所有CT、MRI片，并与手术病理对照。结果：10例Rathke囊肿位于鞍内，9例位于鞍内伴鞍上延伸，1例位于鞍上。Rathke囊肿因其囊液成分不同而有不同的影像学表现。少数伴出血。一般无强化，少数可见囊壁的强化。结论：Rathke囊肿影像学表现多样，CT和MRI有一定的价值，确诊需结合病理分析。     

鞍区Rathke囊肿MRI诊断

目的:探讨鞍区Rathke囊肿的MRI表现,以提高对该病的认识。方法:回顾性分析11例经手术病理证实的鞍区Rathke囊肿MRI表现。结果:囊肿位于鞍内4例,鞍内向鞍上延伸6例,完全位于鞍上1例,多呈圆形、卵圆形或哑铃形,边界清楚,囊壁菲薄。T1WI、T2WI示囊液均为高信号2例;T1WI上呈高信号、T2WI上呈低信号2例;其余7例,T1WI呈等信号2例,呈低信号5例,T2WI均为高信号。囊内可见漂浮结节影5例,囊壁见线样增强1例。结论:典型鞍区Rathke囊肿MRI表现有一定特征性,结合临床表现,术前正确诊断是可能,但不典型病例需与鞍区垂体腺瘤、颅咽管瘤相鉴别。     

Rathke囊肿囊内结节的MRI表现及诊断价值

目的：研究Rathke囊肿的囊内结节MRI表现特点及意义。方法：回顾性分析27例经手术病理证实的Rathke囊肿的MRI表现,观察囊内结节的发生率、大小、信号特点及有无强化。其中男11例,女16例,平均年龄33.4岁。所有患者均行MRI平扫及增强扫描。结果：10例Rathke囊肿内出现结节,T1WI表现为高、等或稍低信号,T2WI表现为低信号。结节大小为0.3-1.1 cm,平均0.6 cm。增强扫描囊内结节无强化。结论：鞍区囊性占位内出现囊内结节,显示特征性信号并且无强化,有助于Rathke囊肿的诊断。     

鞍区Rathke囊肿的MRI表现

目的 总结垂体Rathke囊肿的MRI表现，以提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析17例经手术和病理证实的Rathke囊肿的MRI表现。结果 17例Rathke囊肿多呈圆形或类圆形，边界清楚，10例位于鞍内，7例位于鞍内和鞍上。MR信号在T1WI和T2WI上表现为：7例长T1、长T2，6例短T1、长T2，2例等T1、等T2，1例等T1、长T2，1例短T1、短T2。6例行增强扫描，3例无增强，3例囊肿边缘增强。结论 垂体Rathke囊肿表现为鞍内或鞍内和鞍上的囊性占位，MRI信号多样，但结合MRI形态、临床表现和其他影像学表现可作出正确诊断。     

鞍区Rathke囊肿的MRI表现

目的总结垂体Rathke囊肿的MRI表现,以提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析26例经手术和病理证实的Rathke囊肿的MRI表现。结果 26例Rathke囊肿多呈圆形或卵圆形,边界清楚,10例位于鞍内,16例位于鞍内和鞍上。10例T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号,6例T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈高信号,9例T1WI和T2WI均呈高信号,1例T1WI和T2WI均呈等信号,其中5例T2WI上囊内显示类圆形低信号结节,16例行增强扫描,仅4例囊肿边缘出现轻度增强。结论垂体Rathke囊肿表现为鞍区的囊性占位,仔细分析其MRI表现,有助于术前对本病做出正确诊断。     

垂体Rathke囊肿的MRI表现

目的:分析垂体Rathke囊肿的MRI表现,提高该病的诊断水平。方法:收集经手术及病理证实的垂体Rathke囊肿16例,均行常规及动态增强MRI检查。结果:2例囊肿位于鞍内,14例位于鞍内及鞍上,多呈圆形或椭圆形。根据囊肿内容物的不同表现为多种MRI信号,其中9例呈短T1、长T2信号,3例呈短T1、等T2信号,2例呈长T1、长T2信号,2例呈等T1、长短混杂T2信号;增强扫描仅1例囊肿边缘轻度强化。结论:垂体Rathke囊肿虽然少见,但仔细分析其MRI表现,有助于该病的正确诊断。     

不典型Rathke裂囊肿的MRI诊断

目的:探讨不典型Rathke裂囊肿的MRI特征性表现及鉴别诊断.方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的Rathke裂囊肿28例,其中18例影像学表现不典型,总结其部位、信号、囊壁、胶样小体及强化方式的的诊断价值.结果:11例病变位于鞍内,17例位于鞍内及鞍上,呈圆形或类圆形,边界清楚;囊内容物信号表现多样,其中等T1长T2信号3例,短T1长T2信号7例,短T1短T2信号5例,短T1等T2信号1例,混杂T1、T2信号2例;囊内可见漂浮结节者6例;垂体窝内可见受压的正常垂体组织者16例.增强MRI:4例无强化,10例可见囊壁周围区域呈断续的线样强化.结论tMRI平扫能够清楚显示病变,但对于不典型Rathke裂囊肿的的诊断有一定的局限性;增强MIU有利于同鞍区其它病变的鉴别诊断.     

Rathke囊肿的影像诊断及误诊分析

目的研究Rathke囊肿的影像学表现。资料与方法回顾性分析经病理证实的13例Rathke囊肿的CT和MRI表现。结果 13例病变均同时位于鞍内及鞍上。5例诊断正确;5例误诊为垂体瘤;3例误诊为颅咽管瘤。结论 Rathke囊肿的CT和MRI表现具有一些特点:密度或信号多变但均匀、囊内结节、无强化或环状强化、较少钙化,为诊断提供有价值的鉴别依据。     

鞍区囊性病变的MRI诊断

目的:探讨鞍区囊性病变的MR影像学表现,以提高认识和诊断水平。方法:32例经手术及病理证实的鞍区囊性病变包括16例垂体腺瘤囊变5、例Rathke囊肿、6例颅咽管瘤、3例垂体脓肿、2例表皮样囊肿,所有病例均行MRI平扫,22例行增强扫描。结果:囊性垂体腺瘤主要表现为长T1、长T2信号,14例有囊壁环形强化;Rathke囊肿、颅咽管瘤、垂体脓肿信号多变,与囊内容物有关;表皮样囊肿显示为与脑脊液信号相等的信号。结论:鞍区囊性病变的临床和MRI表现特点对提高诊断的正确性是有帮助的。     

Rathke囊肿的病理与临床、影像对照分析

目的 探讨Rathke囊肿病理与临床和CT、MRI表现的相关性.方法 回顾分析经手术病理证实的Rathke囊肿43例的病理和CT、MRI表现及临床特征.结果 27例位于鞍内和鞍上,16例位于鞍内.CT平扫囊肿多呈边界清晰的"类圆形"或"哑铃"状肿物,其中9例低密度,9例高密度,8例等或稍高混杂密度,1例囊壁钙化;CT增强扫描有6例囊壁呈环形或边缘强化,其余无强化.MR检查18例T1WI呈低或等信号,T2WI呈高信号,6例T1WI和T2WI均显示高信号,4例T1WI高信号,T2WI呈混杂信号.4例囊肿内结节,T1WI呈高信号,T2WI呈低或混杂信号.MR增强检查有9例囊壁的外缘增强.术中见肿物呈囊状,10例囊液呈脑脊液样清亮液体,15例为胶冻状咖啡色黏液,12例呈豆渣样黏稠液,6例为深褐色油状黏液.组织学分析显示部分囊液中含有脂肪结晶和脱落皮屑样物,11例HE染色可见胆固醇裂隙、凝血及肉芽组织,16例PAS染色阳性,囊液内含有黏多糖和蛋白质类物质.结论 典型的Rathke囊肿术前可以明确诊断,非典型Rathke囊肿的CT、MRI表现缺乏特异性.随着囊液组织成分的变化,影像学表现有一定的变化规律.     

Rathke cleft cysts: correlation of enhanced MR and surgical findings.

PURPOSETo describe the gadolinium-enhanced MR findings of Rathke cleft cyst correlate them with the surgical findings, and define those preoperative findings that differentiate this lesion from other sellar and juxtasellar tumors.METHODSWe studied 18 patients who were diagnosed as having Rathke cleft cyst pathologically. These patients were imaged with T1- and T2-weighted coronal and sagittal spin-echo sequences. Fifteen of these patients received gadopentetate dimeglumine.RESULTSIn eight patients, the cyst showed low intensity on T1-weighted images and high intensity on T2-weighted images. At surgery, the cyst fluid was cerebrospinal fluid-like or light brown in five patients, motor oil-like in one patient, and milky in two patients. In 10 patients, cysts showed isointensity to high intensity on T1-weighted images and had various intensity on T2-weighted images. All 10 contained milky fluid. In three patients the intensity of fluid was heterogeneous. A waxy nodule was found in two patients. The position of the normal pituitary gland confirmed by surgery in all cases coincided with enhancement on MR imaging. The variable position of the normal pituitary gland was clearly identified in the sagittal images. The cyst walls showed no enhancement by gadopentetate dimeglumine.CONCLUSIONSBecause Rathke cleft cysts show variable intensities on MR, the diagnosis is often difficult when based on MR signal intensity values alone. MR imaging with gadopentetate dimeglumine does assist in the diagnosis of Rathke cleft cysts. Diagnostic clues include the lack of cyst wall enhancement and displacement of the normal pituitary gland.     

Rathke cleft cysts: CT, MR imaging, and pathologic features

The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in seven patients with pathologically proved Rathke cleft cysts. All the cysts were located in the anterior sella turcica or the anterior suprasellar cistern. Five cysts had both intra- and suprasellar components, one was entirely intrasellar, and the other was predominantly suprasellar in location. The size of the cysts ranged from 8 to 20 mm. CT scans demonstrated low-density homogeneous lesions in four cases. On MR images of three of these four cases, the cysts had the same intensity as cerebrospinal fluid on T1- and T2-weighted images, while in the fourth case, the cyst was hyperintense on the T1-weighted images. In the remaining three cases, CT showed slight hyperdensity relative to brain parenchyma, suggestive of contrast enhancement. MR showed signal heterogeneity of these lesions with focal components of diminished signal intensity of T2-weighted images. These same foci appeared iso- to slightly hyperintense on T1-weighted images.     

Pituitary cysts in childhood evaluated by MR imaging

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pituitary cysts are common findings on pathologic examination and imaging studies. They are generally considered to be rarer in children than in adults; however, no good data exist to substantiate this opinion. We reviewed MR imaging studies to evaluate the frequency and imaging features of pituitary cysts in children. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed T1-weighted sagittal images in 341 patients <15 years of age to evaluate for pituitary cysts. Paramagnetic contrast was administered in 86 of the 341 patients. Sagittal or coronal fast spin-echo T2-weighted images were performed in 166 patients. For patients having pituitary cysts, pituitary function was examined by assessing blood levels of pituitary hormones. RESULTS: A cystic pituitary lesion was recognized in 4 patients (1.2%) aged 1-4 years. None of the 4 manifested endocrinologic signs or symptoms or were the results of their laboratory studies abnormal. All the lesions were sharply demarcated and situated just posterior to the anterior pituitary lobe. All were iso- or hypointense compared with the pons on T1-weighted images without contrast enhancement, suggesting a Rathke cleft cyst. MR imaging of a patient with probable low-grade gliomas in the left hypothalamic region and optic chiasma showed complete resolution of a pituitary cyst at a 1-year follow-up study. CONCLUSION: The frequency of pituitary cysts on MR imaging in childhood is almost equal to that of Rathke cleft cysts, as assessed in autopsy studies of subjects aged 10 to 29 years. These cysts are common in children and should be considered, in the absence of signs or symptoms of pituitary dysfunction, as incidental findings.     

鞍区囊性病变的MRI影像学表现

目的：探讨鞍区囊性病变的MRI影像学表现,以提高对此类病变的诊断水平。方法：37例鞍区囊性病变包括垂体腺瘤囊变16例、囊性颅咽管瘤5例、Rathke＇s囊肿5例、表皮样囊肿3例、蛛网膜囊肿5例、垂体脓肿3例。所有病例均行MRI平扫,其中32例行增强扫描。结果：鞍区病变以垂体瘤囊变最常见,主要表现为T1WI低信号,T2WI高信号,囊壁强化;颅咽管瘤、Rathke＇s囊肿信号较复杂,与囊内容物有关;蛛网膜囊肿、表皮样囊肿显示为与脑脊液信号;垂体脓肿增强扫描囊壁呈明显环形强化。结论：鞍区不同囊性病变具有一定MRI表现特点,结合临床病史多数病变可做出正确诊断。     

新生儿鳃裂囊肿的CT与MRI表现

目的 探讨新生儿鳃裂囊肿的CT与MRI表现及鉴别诊断. 资料与方法对13例经手术和病理证实的新生儿鳃裂囊肿的CT和MRI表现进行回顾性分析,并结合文献进行讨论.结果 13例均为第2鳃裂囊肿.根据Bailey分型,Ⅰ型4例,Ⅱ型9例.CT与MRI表现为颈侧部圆形或椭圆形,壁薄、均质的囊性肿块,胸锁乳突肌受压向后或后外移位,颈动脉鞘内大血管向内或内后移位,颌下腺向前移位,囊壁强化的厚度取决于感染的程度.结论 CT与MRI可定位、定性诊断鳃裂囊肿,其中"气-液征"是新生儿期鳃裂囊肿特有的征象.