神经内镜辅助锁孔手术治疗前循环动脉瘤

目的 探讨神经内镜辅助锁孔手术治疗颅内动脉瘤的可行性及其意义。方法 对9例前循环动脉瘤病人,应用内窥镜辅助锁孔手术进行颅内动脉瘤夹闭术。经翼点锁孔开颅后,应用手术显微镜初步显露动脉瘤后,置入硬性神经内镜了解动脉瘤颈及周围结构的局部解剖,动脉瘤夹闭后再次用内镜了解夹闭情况。结果 术后9例全部治愈出院,结论 应用神经内镜辅助锁孔开颅进行颅内动脉瘤显微手术,可明显增加动脉瘤及其周围结构的可视范围,使颅内动脉瘤的手术效果明显提高,手术时间缩短,术后病人恢复快,且不影响美容。     

神经内镜辅助锁孔手术治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效及适用条件探讨

目的探讨神经内镜辅助锁孔手术治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效及适用条件。方法神经内镜辅助锁孔手术治疗颅内动脉瘤26例和传统开颅手术行颅内动脉瘤夹闭29例,对两组病人的术前、术中及术后情况进行评价。结果26例锁孔手术病人术后均恢复良好,远期随访无神经功能障碍;29例传统开颅手术病人远期恢复良好25例,发生动眼神经麻痹1例,轻度残疾3例。结论神经内镜辅助锁孔手术治疗颅内动脉瘤可充分暴露动脉瘤与周围局部解剖结构的关系,减少神经结构及穿支血管的损伤,从而降低神经功能障碍的发生率。     

应用硬性神经内窥镜辅助颅内动脉瘤显微手术

目的对颅内动脉瘤的局部解剖有更全面的了解,探讨内窥镜与手术显微镜结合治疗颅内动脉瘤的可行性及其意义.方法对23例颅内动脉瘤病人,26个颅内动脉瘤应用内窥镜辅助手术显微镜进行颅内动脉瘤夹闭术.应用手术显微镜初步显露动脉瘤后,置入硬性神经内窥镜了解动脉瘤颈及周围结构的局部解剖,动脉瘤夹闭后再次用内窥镜了解夹闭情况.结果术后19例恢复良好.2例后循环动脉瘤及1例颈内-后交通动脉瘤出现暂时性动眼神经麻痹.1例前交通动脉瘤术后脑积水,另1例多发动脉瘤术后由于血管痉挛脑缺血出现右侧肢体不完全性瘫痪.术后并发症与应用神经内窥镜无关.结论应用硬性神经内窥镜辅助颅内动脉瘤显微手术,可明显增加动脉瘤及其周围结构的可视范围,使颅内动脉瘤的手术效果有明显提高.     

眶上锁孔神经内镜下前循环动脉瘤夹闭手术

目的 探讨眶上锁孔入路神经内镜下夹闭前循环动脉瘤的可行性及其临床意义.方法 对13例前循环动脉瘤病人经眉弓小切口眶上锁孔入路进行夹闭手术,全程应用神经内镜.13例病人中,男性,8例,女性,5例;年龄：43～71岁.13例病人共14个动脉瘤,3个后交通动脉瘤,7个前交通动脉瘤,4个大脑中动脉瘤.3个未破裂动脉瘤,11个破裂动脉瘤.根据病人手术前的临床表现进行Hess-Hunt分级：1级2例;2级10例,3级1例.结果 手术中均能广视角显露动脉瘤、载瘤动脉及周围的走行血管,无误夹闭、载瘤动脉狭窄及夹闭不全情况发生.结论 眶上锁孔入路可以提供充分的手术空间,神经内镜下夹闭前循环动脉瘤,可以广视角观察动脉瘤及其周围的解剖结构,提高颅内动脉瘤的手术效果.     

内镜辅助锁孔入路夹闭颅内动脉瘤的初步经验

目的 评价锁孔入路和内镜辅助显微神经外科应用在前组循环动脉瘤夹闭手术中的作用.方法 回顾性分析我科2001年1-12月期间采用内镜辅助锁孔入路夹闭手术治疗颅内动脉瘤12例，着重于动脉瘤的部位、大小、手术技巧、手术结果和并发症。结果尽管骨窗小，术中显露可提供足够的空间进行颅内操作，保护脑和其他重要结构。本组病人出院时恢复良好，没有与入路相关的术后并发症，术后脑血管造影复查显示动脉瘤均消失，载瘤动脉通畅。结论 锁孔入路结合内镜辅助显微外科技术和脑脊液引流，是有经验的神经外科医生用于治疗前循环动脉瘤安全和有效的方法。     

神经内镜辅助锁孔入路显微手术治疗颅内前循环动脉瘤

目的探讨神经内镜辅助锁孔手术治疗颅内前循环动脉瘤的手术入路及显微手术技术。方法采用神经内镜辅助锁孔入路显微手术治疗颅内前循环动脉瘤41例。根据影像学诊断结果,制定个体化手术方案。手术经由头皮小切口,作直径约3cm的骨窗开颅,在充分释放脑脊液脑组织回缩后,从脑外间隙抵达深部病变;通过有序地解剖蛛网膜下腔,显露病变,行动脉瘤夹闭术。结果本组41次手术成功夹闭43个动脉瘤。无手术死亡及严重手术并发症。结论神经内镜辅助的锁孔入路较常规显微手术入路更为微创、精细、准确、安全,是夹闭颅内前循环动脉瘤的一种较好的技术。     

内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路显微手术治疗前循环动脉瘤

目的探讨内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路显微手术治疗前循环动脉瘤的临床效果及可能存在的风险与对策。方法对28例前循环动脉瘤病人经眶上锁孔入路在显微镜引导下置入内镜观察动脉瘤颈与周围结构的局部解剖关系,辅助分离瘤颈与周边的粘连,夹闭瘤颈,此后再次用内镜观察了解夹闭情况。结果28例动脉瘤均成功准确夹闭,27例恢复良好,1例中残。结论内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路手术可明显增加动脉瘤及周围结构的可视范围,减少对脑组织的牵拉或无效脑暴露,创伤小,减少和避免了重要结构的损伤,并发症少,提高了动脉瘤的手术夹闭率,     

锁孔显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的探讨锁孔显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤的可行性和临床疗效。方法回顾性分析391例共415个的动脉瘤病人的临床资料,均采用锁孔显微手术治疗。经眉弓锁孔入路127例,经翼点锁孔入路257例,经颞下锁孔入路2例,经纵裂锁孔入路5例。术中予以神经电生理监测103例,予以神经内镜辅助15例。结果术后随访2周～84个月,动脉瘤成功夹闭399个(96.1%),单纯包裹8个,孤立5个,孤立加切除3个。根据GOS评估标准,恢复良好366例(93.6%),12例(3.1%)有不同程度的残疾,死亡13例(3.3%)。结论锁孔显微手术是治疗颅内动脉瘤的理想方法,术中辅以神经电生理监测和神经内镜可增加手术成功率和安全性。     

内镜辅助下颅内动脉瘤夹闭(附12例报告)

目的探讨前、后交通动脉瘤的内镜辅助显微手术夹闭方法及可能的风险和对策。方法对经过DSA造影证实的12例前交通、后交通动脉瘤病人,在显微镜的引导下置入内镜,观察瘤颈与周边血管、神经的关系,辅助分离瘤颈与周边的黏连;瘤颈夹闭后观察动脉瘤夹与周围结构的关系。结果10例成功夹闭,2例因黏连致密而包裹治疗。结论内镜辅助的显微神经外科是颅内动脉瘤外科治疗的重大进步,可有效显露动脉瘤周边的结构,提高动脉瘤的手术夹闭率。     

神经内镜辅助夹闭颅内动脉瘤临床研究

目的 探讨神经内镜辅助夹闭颅内动脉瘤的价值。方法 2000年2月至2002年12月，神经内镜辅助颅内动脉瘤手术夹闭78例患79个动脉瘤，前循环系统动脉瘤72例(73个动脉瘤)，后循环系统动脉瘤6例。动脉瘤体直径5—40mm，平均12．5mm。术前分级：Hunt—Hess分级0级8例，Ⅰ级32例，Ⅱ级33例，Ⅲ级5例。结果 本组无手术死亡，手术后出现并发症6例(7．7％)，其中肢体偏瘫4例(1例合并语言障碍)，伪膜性肠炎及视力下降各1例。本组未出现与内镜有关的并发症。结论 神经内镜辅助动脉瘤外科提高了手术效果，但神经内镜设备仍有待改进。     

翼点锁孔入路鞍区神经内镜下解剖应用

目的 研究翼点锁孔入路鞍区各间隙的神经内镜解剖，为内镜辅助下该入路显微手术提供解剖学依据。方法15例尸头经翼点锁孔入路开颅后，神经内镜对鞍区五个间隙进行解剖结构观察。结果利用神经内镜可以更广泛清晰地显示鞍区不同间隙内的解剖结构，尤其是对细微结构如垂体上动脉及穿通动脉，利用成角内镜可“绕过”神经、血管观察其背后的结构。结论运用神经内镜可以消除翼点锁孔入路鞍区显微手术的显微外科解剖死角，减少术中脑组织及重要颅底血管、神经的牵拉，减少并发症的发生，从而提高鞍区手术的疗效。     

神经内镜辅助远外侧锁孔入路显微解剖学研究

目的探讨神经内镜辅助远外侧部分经髁锁孔入路的可行性及内镜解剖学特点。方法采用成人福尔马林固定汉族成人尸体连颈头颅湿标本8例(16侧),在手术显微镜、神经内窥镜下模拟神经内镜辅助远外侧部分经髁锁孔手术入路进行解剖。结果使用神经内镜进行观察以及操作,扩大了手术视角,充分暴露延髓腹外侧、部分小脑后下动脉以及舌下神经全段,椎动脉和小脑后下动脉移行处、后组颅神经以及进入颈静脉孔处,面听神经。结论神经内镜辅助远外侧部分经髁锁孔入路是可行的,神经内窥镜的应用,可以减少有创操作。     

锁孔手术切除鞍区肿瘤及垂体柄的保护

目的 探讨锁孔手术切除鞍区肿瘤的效果,以及术中垂体柄的保护方法。方法 回顾性分析2014年6月至2017年3月采用锁孔手术切除的36例鞍区肿瘤临床资料,采用眶上锁孔入路和翼点锁孔入路。结果 术后病理证实,垂体腺瘤13例,脑膜瘤14例,颅咽管瘤9例。肿瘤全切除33例,近全切除3例。垂体柄全保留32例,部分保留3例,术中未发现垂体柄1例。近全切除3例术后行伽玛刀治疗。所有病例术后随访3个月~2年,均未见肿瘤复发。结论 锁孔手术治疗鞍区肿瘤,既安全、便捷、微创,又能达到切除肿瘤、保护垂体柄等重要结构的目的。     

锁孔手术切除颅内肿瘤

目的 探讨锁孔手术切除颅内肿瘤的手术技巧和适应证。方法 分别经眶上、翼点、眉间、纵裂、侧脑室和枕下乙状窦后锁孔入路采用显微外科技术或内窥镜辅助的显微外科技术切除颅内肿瘤42例。结果 本组采用显微外科技术切除肿瘤30例，内窥镜辅助的显微外科技术切除肿瘤12例。肿瘤全切除27例，次全切除11例，大部分切除4例。无锁孔入路相关严重并发症和手术死亡。结论 锁孔入路显微手术切除颅内肿瘤具有刨伤小、恢复快的优点，适合于颅底肿瘤、脑室内肿瘤和镰旁脑膜瘤。     

内镜下手术治疗颅内囊性病变

目的：探讨应用神经内镜手术治疗颅内囊性病变的手术适应证和手术方法。方法：采用单纯神经内镜下及神经内镜辅助显微镜下手术切除肿瘤、囊肿,囊肿－脑室和囊肿－脑池造瘘等方法治疗颅内囊性肿瘤、颅内蛛网膜囊肿、透明隔囊肿、侧脑室内囊肿等囊性病变51。结果：囊性肿瘤全切9例,囊肿切除6例,蛛网膜囊肿囊壁部分切除加囊腔－脑池造瘘23例,囊肿脑室造瘘13例,25例于术后3个月复诊,疗效较好。结论：应用神经内镜可以通过颅骨钻孔或小的骨瓣开颅手术治疗颅内囊性病变,手术副损伤小,疗效可靠。     

Endoscope-assisted microneurosurgery for anterior circulation aneurysms using the angle-type rigid endoscope over a 3-year period

INTRODUCTION: The use of the endoscope (fiberscope) to assist the microsurgical clipping of cerebral aneurysm was first reported by Fischer and Mustafa in 1994. The rigid endoscope has been increasingly used during aneurysm surgery in which structures around the aneurysm can be detected with high quality imaging. Our 3 years of its use now allows us to assess the endoscope's efficacy and limits in standard surgery with a pterional approach in aneurysms of the anterior circulation. The endoscope can carry out a supportive role in planning surgical manoeuvres and in verifying whether clipping has been performed correctly or not. In our view, among the aneurysms of the anterior circulation, the endoscope is particularly useful in those of the internal carotid and the anterior communicating arteries. In many cases of these aneurysms the posterior communicating artery, choroidal artery or one of the distal cerebral arteries is hidden behind the aneurysm dome. Dome retraction is often required in order to see these vascular structures with the microscope. Thus an endoscope with a 30 degrees view angle becomes very useful. The concealed areas are identified without retraction, which prevents the possibility of the aneurysm being ruptured and also reduces the use of temporary clipping. From its early use as a supportive measure that is sometimes useful in surgery for "easy" aneurysms, the endoscope has now become almost indispensable for the "difficult" aneurysms, including the large and giant ones before and after clipping. Thus, the endoscope should be kept ready for use in the operating theatre for any eventuality. OBJECTIVE: We assess the advantages and disadvantages of the use of the endoscope in the microsurgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: During our 3 years of experience, 52 patients with 48 ruptured and 10 unruptured aneurysms of the anterior circulation (including 6 cases of two-fold aneurysms) underwent clipping with endoscope support through a pterional approach. All ruptured aneurysms produced a Hunt and Hess Grade I or II subarachnoid haemorrhage. The endoscope was inserted before and after clipping in order to observe the conditions surrounding the aneurysm and to receive immediate confirmation that clipping had been performed correctly. RESULTS: In all cases general anatomy visualization was provided by the endoscope, and the correct clip positioning and vessel conditions were easily checked. In 4 cases the endoscope showed that the clip had been positioned incorrectly. Additional clipping was performed in these cases: in 2 cases the clip was re-applied correctly and in another case a clip was added. Only the fourth patient with a large communicating artery died (1.9%) of cerebral infarction. This was due to post-clipping stenosis of one distal cerebral artery in which it was not possible to re-position the clip correctly because of the presence of arteriosclerotic calcific plaque near the aneurysm neck. In 3 cases there was an intraoperative ruptured aneurysm dome that was not caused by the endoscope insertion. No further complications were caused by the endoscope. CONCLUSION: In certain cases endoscopic-assisted microsurgery is an exceptional aid to the surgeon and must become part of the operating theatre equipment and kept on hand ready for use. The endoscope is, in our opinion, particularly useful in certain aneurysm localisations (internal carotid artery-anterior communicating artery [ICA-ACOMA]).     

Endoscopic assisted microneurosurgery for cerebral aneurysms.

While there have been many advances in the field of microneurosurgery, the clipping of aneurysms remains an intricate procedure. Technical complications include residual aneurysm, perforator injuries, parent artery occlusion and cranial nerve injuries. The neuroendoscope is a useful tool and adjunct to the microsurgical clipping of these aneurysms. We study the usefulness of the neuroendoscope in enhancing visualisation during surgery. Twenty-four cases of ruptured cerebral aneurysms were operated on over a duration of 6 months in which a 1mm diameter rigid endoscope was used. We discuss our preliminary results and examine the advantages of the neuroendoscope. These include the ability to look around corners and behind obstructions. While this provides an additional view to the surgeon, the high magnification gives good definition of the surrounding structures. With less brain retraction, smaller operative exposures and yet better visualisation offered, neuroendoscopy may reduce operative morbidity.