慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者社会支持状况及对生命质量的影响

目的：调查慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）患者社会支持状况,并分析社会支持对其生命质量的影响。方法：６０例ＣＯＰＤ患者和６０例健康者应用个人资源询问表进行社会支持评分,同时对ＣＯＰＤ患者应用ＣＯＰＤ的生命质量问卷作评估。结果：ＣＯＰＤ患者的社会支持评分低于健康对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。年龄、病程和通气功能与ＣＯＰＤ患者的社会支持评分呈显著相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）;社会支持评分与ＣＯＰＤ患者的生命质量中生活能力、社会和抑郁症状评分相关性有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：加强社会支持有可能提高ＣＯＰＤ患者的生命质量。     

慢性阻塞性肺病病情程度与血液流变学变化特点的观察

为了解慢性阻塞性肺病（ＣＯＰＤ）病程各阶段血液流变学变化的特点，本研究观察了２０例正常健康人及６０例ＣＯＰＤ患者病情严重程度与血液流变学改变的关系，结果表明，随着ＣＯＰＤ病情的进行，八项血清流变学指标进行性增高，与ＣＯＰＤ病情程度呈显著的正相关（γ值０．７５～０．９４，Ｐ〈０．０１）但在ＣＯＰＤ早期慢性支气管炎（慢支）阶段与正常组相比血液流变学指标无明业差异（Ｐ〉０．０５），ＣＯＰＤ病人血液流变学     

汉族原发性胆汁性胆管炎患者抗线粒体抗体 Ｍ２ 亚型 抗原表位分布及其临床价值

目的 探讨汉族原发性胆汁性胆管炎（ＰＢＣ）患者抗线粒体抗体 Ｍ２ 亚型（ＡＭＡ?Ｍ２）抗原表位分布情况及其临床价值。 方法 采用 Ｒｅｄ ／ ＥＴ 重组技术制备 ＡＭＡ?Ｍ２ 抗原表位蛋白 ＰＤＣ?Ｅ２、ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２ 和 ＯＧＤＣ?Ｅ２，建立相应的 ＥＬＩＳＡ 检测方法，对 ３７４ 例 ＰＢＣ 患者抗原表位分布进行分析。 比较 ＡＭＡ?Ｍ２ 主要抗原表位组合模式间清蛋白－胆红素评分（ＡＬＢＩ）结果的差异，熊 去氧胆酸（ＵＤＣＡ）药物生化应答和不应答患者抗原表位分布的差异。 结果 ３７４ 例 ＰＢＣ 患者血清与 ＰＤＣ?Ｅ２、ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２ 和 ＯＧＤＣ?Ｅ２ 抗原表位有反应率分别为 ８６．６％、８８．０％和 ３５．０％。 与 ＰＢＣ 患者血清有反应性的常见抗原表位模式（ ＰＤＣ?Ｅ２＋ ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２＋ＯＧＤＣ?Ｅ２、ＰＤＣ?Ｅ２＋ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２、ＰＤＣ?Ｅ２ 和 ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２）间 ＡＬＢＩ 结果的差异有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＵＤＣＡ 生 化不应答患者血清与 ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２ 的反应率（ ８９． ９％） 高于应答患者（ ７７． ９％），差异有统计学意义（ Ｐ ＜ ０． ０５）。 结论 与 ＡＭＡ?Ｍ２抗原表位 ＰＤＣ?Ｅ２、 ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２ 和 ＯＧＤＣ?Ｅ２ 同时有反应性的 ＰＢＣ 患者疾病预后不佳的风险较高， ＰＤＣ?Ｅ２ 和 ＢＣＯＡＤＣ?Ｅ２抗原表位可能与 ＵＤＣＡ 治疗应答相关。     

冠状动脉病变程度与血脂及其亚组分、超氧化物歧化酶关系的研究

目的：探讨血脂、脂蛋白及超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）与冠状动脉病变程度的关系。方法：选择冠状动脉造影患者３０例，分为正常组（１１例）、单支组（１０例）和多支组（９例）；测定胆固醇、甘油三酯、脂蛋白及其亚组分和ＳＯＤ含量。结果：３组患者间血清甘油三酯和胆固醇水平相近；多支组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇／低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬＣ／ＬＤＬＣ）比值低于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。单支组和多支组ＨＤＬＣ均低于正常组（Ｐ均＜０．０１），而ＬＤＬＣ均高于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）。正常组ＳＯＤ为（２０３．４±５７．７）ｋＵ／Ｌ，高于单支组〔（１２９．４±７１．６）ｋＵ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０５〕和多支组〔（９５．９±５３．３）ｋＵ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１〕。ＳＯＤ与ＬＤＬ呈中度负相关（ｒ＝－０．４４８，Ｐ＜０．０５），ＳＯＤ与ＨＤＬ（ｒ＝０．６９６，Ｐ＜０．０１）和ＳＯＤ与ＨＤＬＣ（ｒ＝０．３９９，Ｐ＜０．０５）均呈正相关。结论：血脂、脂蛋白、脂蛋白亚组分及ＳＯＤ与冠状动脉病变程度有一定的联系，ＨＤＬ、ＨＤＬＣ、ＬＤＬ、ＬＤＬＣ和ＨＤＬＣ／ＬＤＬＣ是预测冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病发病的重要易患因子。     

老年慢性阻塞性肺病患者气道阻力与最大呼气流量——容积曲线关系探讨

１７１例老年慢性阻塞性肺病（ＣＯＰＤ）患者，３６例正常人（其中１２例正常老年人）气道阻力及最大呼气流量－容积曲线（ＭＥＦＶ）测定结果表明，正常老年人呼气流速校正常中青年降低（Ｐ〈０．０５），而安静呼吸对气道阻力与中青年无明显差异（０．２０〈Ｐ〈０．５０），老年ＣＯＰＤ患者尚处于病变早期ＣＯＢ阶段，气道阻力即比正常老年人明显增高（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＭＭＥＦ明显降低，随病情程度加重，呼气流速指标更明显下     

慢性阻塞性肺病合并呼吸衰竭患者免疫状况的研究

为了研究慢性阻塞性肺病（ＣＯＰＤ）合并呼吸衰竭患者免疫状状况,对ＣＯＰＤ合并呼衰（Ａ组）,３３例,单纯ＣＯＰＤ（Ｂ组）２７例患者进行免疫球蛋白Ｇ,Ａ,Ｍ（ＩｇＧ,ＩｇＡ,ＩｇＭ）Ｔ细胞亚群（ＣＤ３,ＣＤ４,ＣＤ８,ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８）,可溶性白介素－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）测定。结果：ＩｇＧ,ＩｇＡ,ＩｇＭ两组无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）,而Ａ组ＣＤ３,ＣＤ４,ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８显著下降（Ｐ〈０．０５～Ｐ〈０     

原发性肝癌患者多头自控射频仪治疗前后免疫功能的变化

实验采用流式细胞仪和单向琼脂扩散法,检测３０例原发性肝癌（ＨＣＣ）患者经间砂自动控制射频治疗仪治疗前后,其细胞免疫和体液免疫功能,结果显示ＨＣＣ患者ＣＤ４＾＋细胞降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）,ＣＤ８＾＋细胞升高（Ｐ〈０．０５）;ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ含量与正常对照组相比地明显变化,治疗后,ＣＤ４＾＋细胞升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＣＤ８＾＋细胞降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）,ＩｇＧ,ＩｇＡ,ＩｇＭ的含量稍微升高,与治疗前相比无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）,说明ＨＣＣ患者经自动控制射频治疗仪治疗后细胞免疫指标有所改善。     

营养状况对慢性阻塞性肺病患者肺通气功能的影响

为了解营养状况对慢性阻塞性肺病（ＣＯＰＤ）患者通气功能的影响，对１５０例ＣＯＰＤ患者进行肺通气功能测定，其中９３例体重正常，５７例体重明显减轻（营养不良）。结果显示营养不良组与体重正常组比较，其中ＭＶＶ，ＦＶＣ，Ｖ７５，ＰＥＦ等反映呼吸肌力以及大气道功能的指标相差非常显著（Ｐ〈０．００１），而ＭＭＥＦ，Ｖ５０Ｖ２５等反映小气道功能的指标两组无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．２）。并且两组在ＣＯＰＤ病程同一阶段     

稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的家庭护理干预

摘要：目的 提高稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）患者治疗依从性及生活质量。方法 将６０例稳定期ＣＯＰＤ患者随机分为对照组和干预组各３０例，出院前对两组患者发放健康教育资料并进行健康指导，干预组在此基础上，对患者进行戒烟、心理支持、运动训练、营养指导等家庭护理干预。比较两组干预前后患者的临床症状、生活质量、治疗依从性及肺功能改善情况。结果 干预后干预组临床症状及生命质量评分显著低于对照组，而治疗依从性显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论 家庭护理干预能显著提高稳定期ＣＯＰＤ患者对疾病的认识程度，对延缓其肺功能下降和提高生活质量有积极的作用。关键词：慢性阻塞性肺疾病；　家庭护理干预；　治疗依从性；　生活质量中图分类号：Ｒ４７３．５；Ｒ４７３．２　　文献标识码：Ｂ　　文章编号：１００１-４１５２（２００７）１７-００６６-０３     

范可尼贫血互补群 Ｄ２ 基因突变与卵巢上皮癌患者行 新辅助化疗疗效及预后的相关性

摘要：目的 分析范可尼贫血互补群 Ｄ２（ｆａｎｃｏｎｉ ａｎｅｍｉａ ｃｏｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ ｇｒｏｕｐ Ｄ２，ＦＡＮＣＤ２）突变与卵巢上皮癌（ｅｐｉｔｈｅｌｉａｌ ｏｖａｒ ｉａｎ ｃａｎｃｅｒ，ＥＯＣ）患者行新辅助化疗（ｎｅｏａｄｊｕｖａｎｔ ｃｈｅｍｏｔｈｅｒａｐｙ，ＮＡＣＴ）后的疗效及预后的相关性。方法 选取２０１７ 年４ 月至 ２０１９ 年 ４ 月兵器工业五二一医院收治的 １８４ 例 ＥＯＣ 患者为研究对象，取穿刺活检组织并提取 ＤＮＡ，采用实时荧光定量 ＰＣＲ 检测患者 ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 基因的突变情况，分析 ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 基因突变与 ＥＯＣ 患者临床病理参数的相关性；进一步分析 ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 突变 与 ＮＡＣＴ 治疗４ 周后的疗效及预后的关系。结果 实时荧光定量 ＰＣＲ 结果表明，ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 基因突变率为４２．３９％。ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 突 变型与野生型 ＥＯＣ 患者的肿瘤病灶直径、ＥＣＯＧ 评分、分化程度和病理分型比较的差异具有统计学意义（Ｐ 值分别为 ０．０２４， ０．０３７，＜０．００１，０．００２）。ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 突变型 ＥＯＣ 患者的疾病控制率（ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｒａｔｅ，ＤＣＲ）显著低于 ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 野生型 ＥＯＣ 患者 （６６．６７％ ｖｓ ８３．９６％，χ２ ＝ ７．５０６，Ｐ＝ ０．００６）。１８４ 例 ＥＯＣ 患者的总体生存率为 ６５．２２％，ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 突变型 ＥＯＣ 患者的 ２ 年生存 率显著低于 ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 野生型（３２．０７％ ｖｓ ４２．３１％，ｌｏｇ ｒａｎｋ χ２ ＝ ４．１５２，Ｐ＝ ０．０４２）。Ｃｏｘ 风险比例模型多因素显示，分化程度和病 理分型是 ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 突变的独立影响因素（Ｐ＜０．０５）。运用 Ｋａｐｌａｎ Ｍｅｉｅｒ 法对患者进行单因素生存分析发现，肿瘤大小（Ｐ ＝ ０．０３１）、肿瘤病理分型（Ｐ＜０．００１）、分化程度（Ｐ＜０．００１）、突变型 ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 的表达（Ｐ＝ ０．０４２）与患者的总生存期密切相关。Ｃｏｘ 风险比例模型多因素分析显示，肿瘤病理分型、分化程度和 ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 突变是 ＥＯＣ 患者预后的独立影响因素（Ｐ 值分别为０．０１４， ０．０３５，０．０３６）。结论 ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 基因突变与 ＥＯＣ 患者 ＮＡＣＴ 疗效相关，肿瘤病理分型、分化程度、ＦＡＮＣＤ２ 突变是 ＥＯＣ 患者预 后的独立影响因素。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Structure and function of "metalloantibiotics"

Although most antibiotics do not need metal ions for their biological activities, there are a number of antibiotics that require metal ions to function properly, such as bleomycin (BLM), streptonigrin (SN), and bacitracin. The coordinated metal ions in these antibiotics play an important role in maintaining proper structure and/or function of these antibiotics. Removal of the metal ions from these antibiotics can cause changes in structure and/or function of these antibiotics. Similar to the case of "metalloproteins," these antibiotics are dubbed "metalloantibiotics" which are the title subjects of this review. Metalloantibiotics can interact with several different kinds of biomolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, receptors, and lipids, rendering their unique and specific bioactivities. In addition to the microbial-originated metalloantibiotics, many metalloantibiotic derivatives and metal complexes of synthetic ligands also show antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-neoplastic activities which are also briefly discussed to provide a broad sense of the term "metalloantibiotics."