连续性静脉静脉血液滤过对多脏器功能障碍综合征患者脏器功能的影响

对ICU的多脏器功能障碍综合征（MODS）21例患者行床旁连续性静脉静脉血液滤过（CVVH）,观察CVVH治疗前后MODS患者的临床指标、实验室检查结果及APACHEⅡ评分,对患者各脏器病理生理的影响进行评估。结果21例患者CVVH治疗后心率、平均动脉压、pH、氧合指数、血尿素氮、血肌酐、血钾、血钠、APACHEⅡ评分均有显著改善（P〈0．05）,外周血白细胞、血小板、血红蛋白、血胆固醇及甘油三脂、血清总胆红素及谷丙转氨酶、心肌酶谱包括肌酸激酶及其同工酶、乳酸脱氢酶和α-羟丁酸脱氢酶、Glasgow昏迷评分均无变化（P〉0．05）。认为CVVH可使MODS患者循环稳定,提高肺氧合水平,改善肾功能,纠正酸中毒及电解质紊乱,而对肝、脑、心等重要脏器无不良影响。     

连续性静脉静脉血液滤过治疗肝肾综合征的临床研究

目的:观察连续性静脉静脉血液滤过(continuous venovenous hemofiltration,CVVH)治疗肝肾综合征(hepatorenal syndrome,HRS)的疗效。方法:32例HRS患者随机分为两组,治疗组16例采用CVVH治疗,对照组16例采用单纯药物治疗,两组患者均接收一般内科治疗。结果:治疗后治疗组患者肾功能、电解质、平均动脉压的改善水平与对照组相比,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);生存率较对照组高,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:CV-VH是治疗肝硬化并发HRS的有效方法。     

连续性血液净化在多器官功能障碍综合征中的应用

目的探讨连续性血液净化（CBP）用于多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）患者的效果。方法 MODS患者39例,予高容量连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过（HV-CVVH）模式治疗。于CBP前、CBP开始后4 h、12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h测定心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、中心静脉压（CVP）、心排血量指数（CI）、氧合指数（PaO2/FiO2）、血BUN、Scr、G lu、Na＋、K＋及乳酸水平;比较治疗前、治疗后24 h、48 h、72 h急性生理功能和慢性健康状况（APACHEⅡ）评分。结果与CBP前比较,血Na＋、G1u水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;PaO2/FiO2、CI在CBP开始后4 h明显升高（P〈0.05）;BUN、Scr、HR及血乳酸和K＋明显降低（P〈0.05）。CBP治疗24 h、48 h、72 h后APACHEⅡ评分明显下降（P〈0.05）。结论 CBP能改善MODS患者的氧合功能,维持内环境稳定,在MODS患者的抢救中有一定的疗效。     

高容量连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过治疗多脏器功能障碍综合征(13例临床分析)

目的：探讨高容量连续性静脉－静脉血液滤过治疗多脏器功能障碍综合征的效果。方法：１３例多脏器功能障碍综合征患者接受３．０～４．０Ｌ／ｈ置换液输入速度的连续性静脉－静脉血液滤过技术，平均治疗时间为６２．３ｈ。结果：１３例患者死亡６例，存活７例；９例治疗前需用升压药维持血压的患者治疗后３０ｍｉｎ平均动脉压有显著上升，心率则有显著下降；治疗后１２ｈ血清Ｎａ＋、Ｃｌ－、Ｃａ２＋和动脉血气中的ｐＨ、ＨＣＯ－３、ＰＯ２、ＰＣＯ２均无显著变化，而血清ＢＵＮ、Ｃｒ、Ｋ＋则有显著下降；血浆ＩＬ－１β、ＴＮＦ－α水平在治疗后１２ｈ也有显著下降；治疗后３０ｍｉｎＩＬ－１β、ＴＮＦ－α的筛系数显著低于治疗后１２ｈ的筛系数。结论：高容量连续性静脉－静脉血液滤过能清除大量的细胞因子，改善血流动力学，可用于多脏器功能障碍综合征的治疗     

连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过透析和连续静脉-静脉血液滤过对危重心肾综合征患者的临床疗效比较

危重心肾综合征( SCRS)患者均呈现重度心力衰竭和肾衰竭,临床上常出现少尿、无尿、高度浮肿、端坐呼吸、心律失常或电解质紊乱,常规的利尿剂和正性肌力药物往往难以奏效,连续性血液净化(CBP)在治疗中起到了关键作用危重心肾综合征临床上尚无统一的诊断标准[1],我们对连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过透析( CVVHDF)和连续静脉静脉血液滤过(CVVH)对27例SCRS患者的临床疗效进行比较.     

间歇性血液滤过对多器官功能障碍综合征作用的探讨

目的 观察和探讨间歇性血液滤过对多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)的疗效.方法 选择我院34例MODS患者,行间歇性血液滤过治疗,比较治疗前后BUN、CRE、K+、血pH水平的变化以及治疗前后平均动脉压、中心静脉压、心率的变化并进行APACHⅡ评分.结果 间歇性血液滤过治疗后患者上述指标均有显著变化,治疗后与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 间歇性血液滤过能有效清除溶质,调整离子和酸碱平衡,稳定血液动力学,改善APACHEⅡ评分,是一种有效的器官功能支持方法.     

高容量连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过的进展

高容量血液滤过（ＨＶＨＦ）近几年才出现在临床上,但已显示出在治疗败血症、多脏器功能衰竭等方面的特殊优点。现就近年文献作一介绍。　　高容量血液滤过的临床前试验Ｇｒｏｏｔｅｎｄｏｒｓｔ［１］首次研究内毒素引起休克猪模型,１８只猪麻醉后用呼吸机通气支持,半小时内输入内毒素０．５ｇ／ｋｇ,４小时后用快速反应血液稀释技术观察右室射血分数（ＲＶＥＦ）。发现输入大剂量内毒素后产生严重低血压,治疗组以置换液６Ｌ／ｈ速度与未治疗组和假治疗组（夹住超滤线不超滤,血液通过滤过器）对比研究,观察ＨＶＨＦ４小时后引起的血…     

连续静脉-静脉血液滤过对多脏器功能障碍综合征血流动力学的影响

目的 :探讨连续静脉 静脉血液滤过对多脏器功能障碍综合征 (MODS)患者血流动力学的影响。方法 :选择MODS患者 19例 ,应用连续静脉 静脉血液滤过 (CVVH)进行治疗 ,治疗期间用Swan Ganz漂浮导管监测血流动力学变化。结果 :与CVVH前比较 ,CVVH治疗后 ,体血管阻力指数明显改善 ,平均动脉压回升 ,心率下降 ,肺动脉楔压也明显降低。结论 :CVVH可改善MODS患者的全身血流动力学状况 ,提高患者的氧供 ,但对氧摄取率无明显影响     

脓毒症与血液灌流联合连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过治疗的研究进展

脓毒症是全球危重症的主要致死原因之一,目前面临着提高抢救成功率、缩短ICU住院时间、降低病死率、减少相关住院费用的巨大挑战。如能通过早期干预和阻断脓毒症患者的一系列炎症级联反应,可以提高脓毒症患者的抢救成功率,缩短ICU住院时间,降低病死率等,对患者和社会均具有重要的社会效益和经济效益。目前研究发现血液灌流联合连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过治疗可能通过更好地清除炎性介质、调节细胞免疫、改善内环境等机制为脓毒症的治疗带来新的希望。该文就其相关研究概况进行综述。     

ICU多脏器功能衰竭综合征患者应用乌司他丁联合连续性血液滤过治疗的临床研究

目的观察乌司他丁联合连续性血液滤过（CVVH）对多脏器功能衰竭综合征（MODS）患者细胞因子及血管内皮影响。方法将56例MODS患者随机分为两组。两组均采用CVVH治疗，连续4d，观察组在此基础上采用乌司他丁治疗。两组分别于治疗前、治疗后4d，7d观察TNF-α、IL6、IL-8、CEC。结果治疗后4d，两组TNF—α、IL-6、IL-8、CEC比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。治疗后7d比较，观察组TNF—d、IL-6、IL-8、CEC值低于对照组（P〈0．05，或P〈0．01）。结论乌司他丁结合CVVH治疗MODS，通过持续有效的清除血液中的炎症因子，从而达到保护血管内皮，发挥治疗作用的目的。     

Influence of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration on the course of acute pancreatitis

AIM: To investigate whether continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) in different filtration rate to eliminate cytokines would result in different efficiency in acute pancreatitis, whether the saturation time of filter membrane was related to different filtration rate, and whether the onset time of CVVH could influence the survival of acute pancreatitis. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients were classified into four groups randomly. Group 1 underwent low-volume CVVH within 48 h of the onset of abdominal pain (early CVVH, n = 9). Group 2 received low-volume CVVH after 96 h of the onset of abdominal pain (late CVVH, n = 10). Group 3 underwent high-volume CVVH within 48 h of the onset of abdominal pain (early CVVH, n = 9). Group 4 received high-volume CVVH after 96 h of the onset of abdominal pain (late CVVH, n = 9). CWH was sustained for at least 72 h. Blood was taken before hemofiltration, and ultrafiltrate was collected at the start of CVVH and every 12 h during CVVH period for the purpose of measuring the concentrations of TNPα, IL-1β and IL-6. The concentrations of TNPα, IL-1β and IL-6 were measured by swine-specific ELISA. The Solartron 1 255 B frequency response analyzer (British) was used to observe the resistance of filter membrane. RESULTS: The survival rate had a significant difference (94.44% vs 68.42%, P<0.01) high-volume and low-volume CVVH patients. The survival rate had also a significant difference (88.89% vs 73.68%,P<0.05) between early and late CVVH patients. The hemodynamic deterioration (MAP, HR, CVP) was less severe in groups 4 and 1 than that in group 2, and in group 3 than in group 4. The adsorptive saturation time of filters membranes was 120-180 min if the filtration rate was 1 000-4 000 mL/h. After the first, second and third new hemofilters were changed, serum TNF-α concentrations had a negative correlation with resistance (r: -0.91, -0.89, and -0.86, respectively in group 1; -0.89, -0.85, and -0.76, respectively in group 2; -0.88, -0.92, and -0.82, respectively in group 3; -0.84, -0.87, and -0.79, respectively in group 4). The decreasing extent of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 was significantly different between group 3 and group 1 (TNF-α P<0.05, IL-1β P<0.05, IL-6 P<0.01), between group 4 and group 2 (TNF-α P<0.05, IL-1β P<0.05, IL-6 P<0.01), between group 1 and group 2 (TNP-α P<0.05, IL-1β P<0.05, IL-6 P<0.05), and between group 3 and group 4 (TNF-α P<0.01, IL-1β P<0.01, IL-6 P<0.05), respectively during CVVH period. The decreasing extent of TNF-α and IL-1β was also significantly different between survival patients and dead patients (TNF-α P<0.05, IL-1β P<0.05). In survival patients, serum concentration of TNF-α and IL-1β decreased more significantly than that in dead patients. CONCLUSION: High-volume and early CVVH improve hemodynamic deterioration and survival in acute pancreatitis patients. High-volume CVVH can eliminate cytokines more efficiently than low-volume CVVH. The survival rate is related to the decrease extent of TNF-α and IL-1β. The adsorptive saturation time of filter membranes are different under different filtration rate condition. The filter should be changed timely once filter membrane adsorption is saturated.     

高容量血液滤过治疗脓毒症并发多器官功能障碍综合征RIFLE标准应用研究

目的探讨RIFLE标准衡量高容量血液滤过(HVHF)治疗脓毒症并发多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)的治疗时机及其对预后的影响。方法回顾性分析成都军区总医院2006年1月至2010年12月行HVHF治疗的脓毒症并发MODS患者52例,采用RIFLE标准分A组(AKIⅠ期)、B组(AKIⅡ期)和C组(AKIⅢ期),比较各组的病死率、平均ICU住院时间、平均机械通气时间、平均连续血液滤过治疗时间,并将HVHF治疗前和治疗24 h后的APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、血浆白介素(IL)-6、氧合指数、血肌酐(Scr)及平均动脉压(MAP)等指标。结果 (1)C组HVHF治疗前APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、血浆IL-6及病死率均明显高于A、B组(P<0.01);(2)A、B组HVHF治疗前APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分及病死率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但B组HVHF治疗前IL-6及平均ICU住院时间、平均机械通气时间、平均连续血液滤过治疗时间明显高于或长于A组(P<0.01);(3)HVHF治疗24 h后血浆IL-6、氧合指数、Scr、MAP均明显改善,但C组IL-6仍高于A、B组(P<0.01),B组IL-6仍高于A组(P<0.01);A、B组HVHF治疗24 h后APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分显著降低(P<0.01),C组无变化(P>0.05)。结论 HVHF能有效辅助治疗脓毒症并发MODS;RIFLE标准及IL-6对判断预后有指导意义;早期(AKIⅠ期和Ⅱ期)行HVHF可明显改善脓毒症并发MODS的预后,而AKIⅠ期行HVHF的疗效更好。     

Efficacy of separated system continuous venovenous hemofiltration in critical acute kidney injury

Integrated system continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH), the most popularly utilized mode for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), needs a sophisticated and expensive machine that is available only in limited critical care units. Separated system CVVH, which can be simply set up, might be an effectively alternative to CRRT. A one-year prospective observational study regarding the efficacy of separated system CVVH was conducted with 192 critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. All patients underwent separated system CVVH with the pre-dilution mode and a mean CVVH dose of 34.9±2.7mL/kg/h. The APACHEII score was 23.2±8.4 and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was 12.0±4.3. No complications, including air-embolism or circuit clotting, were observed and the survival rate was 32.3%. Separated system CVVH is simple, safe, and efficient and could provide cheaper treatments than the integrated system. It could thus be an effective, alternative treatment for critical acute kidney injury patients when the integrated mode is unavailable.     

连续性血液净化治疗重症急性胰腺炎合并多器官功能障碍综合征的效果观察

目的观察连续性血液净化(CBP)对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)合并多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者血清炎症介质的影响。方法选取2008年4月-2013年12月成都军区总医院收治的SAP合并MODS患者65例,采用非随机同期对照试验方法按治疗方式不同分为两组,其中对照组(n=33)接受内科综合治疗,治疗组(n=32)在内科综合治疗基础上给予CBP治疗。监测患者CBP治疗前后APACHEⅡ评分、MODS评分以及血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)α、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、血小板衍化生长因子(PAF)、白细胞介素(IL)6、IL-18、一氧化氮(NO)水平变化。计量资料组间比较采用成组t检验,同组治疗前后比较采用配对t检验;计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。结果两组患者治疗后,APACHEⅡ、MODS评分及血清TNFα、CRP、IL-6、IL-18、PAF、NO水平均较治疗前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05),且治疗组较对照组降低更为明显(P值均0.001);治疗组患者存活率为90.6%(29/32),对照组患者存活率为78.8%(26/33),两组存活率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.749,P=0.186)。结论 CBP能够有效清除SAP合并MODS患者血清中的炎症介质,从而阻断炎症反应,改善脏器功能,是治疗SAP的有效方法之一。     

Regional citrate anticoagulation reduces polymorphonuclear cell degranulation in critically ill patients treated with continuous venovenous hemofiltration

Citrate which chelates ionized calcium can be used as regional anticoagulation in continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH). This is the first study conducted to examine the potentially additive benefit effect of regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) on polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell degranulation of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and cytokines production in patients with critically acute kidney injury (AKI) undergoing CVVH treatment. This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in 20 critically ill patients with AKI who underwent CVVH. The patients were randomized into regional citrate group (n=10) and heparin group (n=10). The pre-dilution CVVH with polyethersulfone dialyzers were utilized in both groups. The levels of pre-filter and post-filter MPO as well as inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured at baseline, 6h, and 24 h after initiating CVVH. In the heparin group, the post-filter serum MPO levels were significantly higher than the pre-filter (median 49.0 vs. 60.5 ng/mL, P<0.05) at 6 h. There were no significant differences between pre- and post-dialyzer MPO levels in the citrate group. Citrate could significantly decrease systemic pre-filter serum MPO levels from baseline at 6 h (median 43.5 vs. 17.3 ng/mL, P<0.01) as well as IL-8 levels (P<0.05) whereas heparin provided only significant TNF-α reduction (P<0.05). The CVVH circuit survival in the citrate group was longer than the heparin group. In conclusion, citrate, utilized as a regional anticoagulant in CVVH, can reduce both membrane bioincompatibility-induced and systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, and can prolong CVVH circuit survival time.     

Efficacy of continuous venovenous hemofiltration with chemotherapy in patients with Burkitt lymphoma and leukemia at high risk of tumor lysis syndrome

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a potentially fatal metabolic complication of chemotherapy for Burkitt lymphoma. It has not been established whether chemotherapy should be delayed in patients with spontaneous TLS, and several studies have shown poor prognoses in this group. This retrospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) with prephase chemotherapy using the modified LMB-89 regimen in patients with Burkitt lymphoma and leukemia (BL/L) at a high risk of developing TLS from February 1998 to February 2007. The chemotherapy regimen was followed by the modified LMB-89 protocol. CVVH was applied to all patients before prephase chemotherapy or within 2 h of chemotherapy. The median follow-up was 19.7 months (range 1–97.8). Eight patients had Burkitt lymphoma and three had Burkitt leukemia; their median age was 48 years. The international prognostic indices were >3 for all patients. Seven patients had spontaneous TLS and four patients were at a high risk of TLS. CVVH was continued for 109 h (range 70.5–157.5). No patient had fatal metabolic complications related to TLS. Renal function had recovered fully before induction chemotherapy in all but one patient. The 1-year event-free survival and overall survival rates were both 82%. In conclusion, chemotherapy combined with CVVH might be effective and safe in patients with advanced Burkitt lymphoma and leukemia at a high risk of developing TLS.     

Clinical effects of continuous high volume hemofiltration on severe acute pancreatitis complicated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

AIM: To investigate the efficiency of continuous high volume hemofiltration (HVHF) in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) complicated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).METHODS: A total of 28 SAP patients with an average of 14.36±3.96 APACHE Ⅱ score were involved. Diagnostic criteria for SAP standardized by the Chinese Medical Association and diagnostic criteria for MODS standardized by American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) and Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) were applied for inclusion. HVHF was started 6.0±6.1 (1-30) days after onset of the disease and sustained for at least 72 hours, AN69 hemofilter (1.2 m2)was changed every 24 hours. The ultrafiltration rate during HVHF was 4 000 mi/h, blood flow rate was 250-300 mi/min,and the substitute fluid was infused with pre-dilution. Low molecular weight heparin was used for anticoagulation.RESULTS: HVHF was well tolerated in all the patients, and lasted for 4.04±3.99 (3-24) days. 20 of the patients survived,6 patients died and 2 of the patients quited for financial reason.The ICU mortality was 21.4%. Body temperature, heart rate and breath rate decreased significantly after HVHF.APACHE Ⅱ score was 14.4±3.9 before HVHF, and 9.9±4.3after HVHF, which decreased significantly (P＜0.01). Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood before HVHF was 68.5±19.5 mmHg, and increased significantly after HVHF,which was 91.9±25 mmHg (P＜0.01). During HVHF the hemodynamics was stable, and serum potassium, sodium,chlorine, glucose and pH were at normal level.CONCLUSION: HVHF is technically possible in SAP patients complicated with MODS. It does not appear to have detrimental effects and may have beneficial effects.Continuous HVHF, which seldom disturbs the hemodynamics and causes few side-effects, is expected to become a beneficial adjunct therapy for SAP complicated with MODS.     

连续静脉-静脉血液滤过对高龄老年多器官功能衰竭患者的疗效

目的 探讨连续静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗高龄老年多器官衰竭(MOFE)患者的效果与安全性。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2020年12月东部战区总医院老年病房诊治的多器官功能衰竭33例患者的临床资料。按照存活时间是否超过15d,分为存活组(18例)和死亡组(15例)。收集患者的年龄、衰竭器官数量、血生化指标、动脉血气、治疗方法及死亡时间等指标。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据分析。结果 所有患者均为股静脉置管,有4例发生导管感染。存活组与死亡组患者的年龄、CVVH前的血尿素氮、肌酐、电解质、脑利钠肽前体、动脉血pH值、全血剩余碱比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);存活组与死亡组乳酸[(2.32±1.17)和(5.00±4.35)mmol/L]、24h尿量[(501.17±229.62)和(220.33±191.68)ml]、衰竭器官个数[(3.33±1.14)和(4.33±1.15)个]比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。CVVH治疗前后尿素氮[(34.27±13.54)和(15.77±9.15)mmol/L]、血肌酐[(347.57±170.22)和(165.55±89.32)μmol/L]、脑利钠肽前体[(2128.27±1416.08)和(1181.86±1 305.17)pmol/L]、血钾[(4.78±1.03)和(4.12±0.56)mmol/L]、动脉血pH值[(7.28±0.12)和(7.33±0.12)]比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),治疗前后血钠、钙、磷、全血剩余碱及乳酸变化不明显(P>0.05)。结论 CVVH治疗有助于改善高龄老年多器官功能衰竭患者的预后,能明显减轻高龄患者心脏负荷、加快小分子毒素的清除、维持电解质和酸碱度的平衡。