去骨瓣减压术后硬膜下积液的形成原因及治疗

去骨瓣减压术是抢救重度颅高压及脑疝患者常用的手术方法,术者在术中为求减压彻底多取较大骨瓣,术后易并发硬膜下积液,如未能及时发现并做出正确处理,也会危害患者的生命健康。现将我科2002年1月至2010年1月出现的56例病例资料总结分析如下。一、对象与方法     

经皮穿刺引流术治疗开颅去骨瓣减压术后硬膜下积液的疗效分析

目的探讨经皮穿刺引流术治疗开颅去骨瓣减压术后硬膜下积液的疗效分析。 方法选择爱德堡医院神经外科自2008年8月至2018年5月收治的60例开颅去骨瓣减压术后硬膜下积液患者为研究对象。根据患者病情及其家属意愿将采用经皮穿刺引流术治疗的患者设为观察组（30例）,采用腰椎穿刺引流术治疗的患者设为对照组（30例）,比较2组患者的治疗总有效率、治愈时间以及并发症的发生情况。 结果同对照组治疗总有效率（70.00%）比较,观察组的治疗总有效率（96.67%）获得明显提升（P<0.05）。对照组治愈时间为（12.69±2.13）d,观察组治愈时间为（7.78±1.24）d,观察组明显短于对照组（t=8.912,P=0.000）。2组患者术后均未发生颅内积气及感染,对照组出现穿刺点脑脊液漏3例,观察组出现头皮切口漏液2例,对症处理后均消失,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论开颅去骨瓣减压术后硬膜下积液患者选择经皮穿刺引流术治疗,可以获得明显减压效果。     

颅脑损伤去骨瓣减压术后硬膜下积液的危险因素分析

目的探讨影响颅脑损伤去骨瓣减压术后硬膜下积液发生的独立危险因素。方法回顾性分析2012年2月至2014年2月149例颅脑损伤去骨瓣减压术患者的临床资料,其中术后发生硬膜下积液47例（积液组）,未发生硬膜下积液102例（非积液组）。对其危险因素进行单因素分析和多因素Logistic回顾分析。结果两组患者入院时GCS评分、手术时机、血肿位置、血肿量、基底池受压、中线结构位移≥10 mm、蛛网膜下腔出血及脑积水发生率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,入院时GCS评分≤5分、血肿量〉40 ml、中线结构位移≥10 mm、蛛网膜下腔出血、脑积水、基底池受压是颅脑损伤去骨瓣减压术后硬膜外积液的独立危险因素。结论损伤严重、血肿量大、CT表现为基底池受压和中线结构位移≥10 mm、并发蛛网膜下腔出血及脑积水的颅脑损伤患者在去骨瓣减压术后发生硬膜下积液的风险较高,应给予重视。     

早期不同时点加压包扎预防去骨瓣减压术后硬膜下积液临床研究

目的评价开颅去骨瓣减压(DC)术后不同时点加压包扎预防硬膜下积液的疗效。方法选择2014年10月~2015年9月在我院接受DC手术的患者77例,按随机数字表分为早期组37例和晚期组40例,分别在DC术后第3 d和第7~10 d对骨窗进行加压包扎,直至颅脑组织恢复至正常解剖位置,评价两组硬膜下积液的发生率和临床预后。结果早期组和晚期组分别有3例和5例患者死亡,但总体GOS评分和住院时间组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组分别有17例和8例患者出现硬膜下积液,晚期组发生率低于早期组(P0.05);治疗后两组颅内压(ICP)均有一定程度下降,但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 DC术后第7~10 d加压包扎有助于预防硬膜下积液的形成,但对临床预后无明显影响。     

Spinal subdural hematoma following cranial surgery: a case report and review of the literature

Spinal subdural hematoma (SDH) following a cranial surgery is extremely rare. We described a 26-year-old patient who developed an SDH at L3-S1 level after the excision of intraventricular meningioma. He was surgically treated with an excellent outcome. It is postulated that the SDH resulted from downward migration of intracranial hematoma.     

Postraumatic subdural collections: case report and review of the literature

Posttraumatic and postcraniectomy subdural fluid collections have been usually described with the general term of hygroma. Recently, different clinical entities have been described, such as simple or complex hygroma, subdural effusion or external hydrocephalus, based on the mechanisms of formation of the fluid collection, its biochemical composition or the characteristics exhibited in modern imaging studies. However, there is no agreement in the literature regarding the use of these terms. We report a new case of a mixed posttraumatic and postcraniectomy subdural fluid collection and review the literature concerning these entities.     

去骨瓣减压术后硬膜下积液的治疗措施分析

目的探讨开颅去大骨瓣减压术后并发硬膜下积液的治疗方法。 方法回顾性分析双流区第一人民医院神经外科自2017年1月至2019年12月收治的20例去大骨瓣减压术后并发硬膜下积液患者的临床资料,待脑水肿高峰期渡过后给予弹力帽外固定包扎、Omaya囊置入穿刺抽吸、塑形钛网修补、高压氧治疗。观察硬膜下积液量、神经功能障碍症状、改良Rankin量表评分情况。 结果本组20例患者中,6例为双侧额颞顶硬膜下积液,2例为大脑镰旁纵裂池内积液,12例为同侧额颞顶硬膜下积液,其中2例为同侧进展型硬膜下积液,放置Omaya囊抽吸;20例患者均给予弹力帽外固定包扎,后期均予以塑形钛网修补及高压氧治疗（3个疗程,30次）。所有患者术后随访6个月,复查头颅CT未见硬膜下积液复发。 结论去骨瓣减压术后并发硬膜下积液,通过应用弹力帽外固定包扎、抽吸、早期颅骨修补、高压氧手段治疗,可取得较好的效果。     

Chronic subdural hematoma after endoscopic third ventriculostomy: a case report and literature review

Chronic subdural hematoma is a very rarely observed complication after endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). A 21-year-old male patient was admitted to our clinic with complaining of headache, weakness and tremor. The fundoscopic examination revealed slightly indistinct border of the papilla and neurological examination findings were normal. The cranial computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings demonstrated three-ventricular hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis and ETV was performed. The symptoms got better after the operation. At 1? month postoperatively the patient reapplied to our clinic with a symptom of severe headache. Cranial BT imaging demonstrated enlargement of subdural hematoma. The hematoma was treated by burr-hole evacuation and drainage and totally disappeared in the postoperative period. The follow-up CT scan was evaluated as normal. Nowadays, ETV is accepted as a safe and an alternative method for the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus instead of shunt operation. Chronic subdural hematoma is a rarely observed complication after ETV.     

Spinal subdural Staphylococcus aureus abscess: case report and review of the literature

Spinal subdural abscesses (SSA) are rare and to date only 57 cases have been reported. The exact incidence of the SSA is unknown. The most affected region is the thoraco-lumbar spine and the most common bacterial source is Staphylococcus aureus. The timing for magnetic resonance imaging is very important in these patients. Because early diagnosis and emergent treatment is vital to prevent the formation or progression of neurologic deficits.     

Arachnoid cyst rupture with subdural hygroma: case report and literature review

Arachnoid cyst rupture causing subdural hygroma is rare. Twenty-one cases have been previously reported in the literature. We report a case of a 9-year-old boy presenting signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure due to the rupture of a type III arachnoid cyst causing subdural hygroma. The clinical and radiological findings as well as the management of the patient are discussed in relation to the pertinent literature.     

Vasospasm after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: a case report and review of the literature

Vasospasm, so commonly described after aneurysmal rupture, is very rare after surgery for brain tumors. Its occurrence after transsphenoidal surgery is extremely uncommon with only three cases reported as per the authors' review of the literature. The authors report a case of pituitary macroadenoma in a 34-year-old female who underwent transsphenoidal tumor decompression and developed angiographically documented vasospasm during the course of her illness. The rarity of the occurrence of vasospasm after transsphenoidal surgery makes its management very challenging, frequently leading to a delay in diagnosis and a poor outcome. The key to successful management is a high index of suspicion and early proactive management.     

颅脑外伤去骨瓣减压术后继发硬膜下积液的危险因素分析

目的分析颅脑外伤去骨瓣减压术后继发性硬膜下积液的危险因素。方法回顾性分析我院2014年1月至2016年6月间的138例颅脑外伤去骨瓣减压术患者的临床资料和影像学资料。根据术后是否发生硬膜下积液分为积液组和非积液组,通过单因素t检验、卡方检验和多因素Logistic回归分析总结颅脑外伤去骨瓣减压术后发生硬膜下积液的影响因素。结果 138例患者中,85例患者发生硬膜下积液,发生率为61.6%。单因素分析结果显示两组患者在性别、年龄、术前GCS评分、环池受压、术前是否合并脑疝、硬膜外血肿、脑内血肿、脑室内出血、蛛网膜下腔出血、骨瓣的前后径大小、骨瓣的最高径大小、去骨瓣减压的侧别均无统计学意义(p0.05)。去骨瓣减压术后硬膜下积液和中线移位大于5 mm、皮层切开、硬膜下血肿、骨瓣边缘距中线距离小于2 mm有明显关联。多因素分析结果显示只有中线移位大于5 mm和皮层切开是危险因素。结论颅脑外伤去骨瓣减压术后继发性硬膜下积液和中线移位大于5mm、皮层切开有明显关联,应引起重视。     

Electroconvulsive therapy after coil embolization of cerebral aneurysm: a case report and literature review

ABSTRACT: We report a case of an uneventful course after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) of a patient who had undergone coil embolization for an intracranial aneurysm 37 days earlier. There have been no reports until now of ECT after coil embolization. According to histopathologic examinations, it takes approximately 2 weeks after coil embolization for the aneurysm to become fixed. The ECT can be a therapeutic option even in patients with a previous history of coil embolization, as long as it is performed under proper anesthetic management.     

Intraventricular tension pneumocephalus after transsphenoidal surgery: a case report and literature review

Tension pneumocephalus is a rare complication of transsphenoidal approaches. The case of a 37 year old woman with a transsphenoidal resection of a pituitary adenoma who presented self-limited rhinoliquorrhea postoperatively is reported. Three days later the patient developed progressive decreased consciousness, amnesia and headache, showing an intraventricular tension pneumocephalus on CT scan. Urgent treatment with bilateral external ventricular drainage and anterior nasal tamponade was performed with good clinical outcome. Later transsphenoidal sealing of the dural defect was achieved without recurrence. Tension pneumocephalus following transsphenoidal surgery usually occurs after the presentation of a cerebrospinal fluid leak due to an incomplete sealing of the sphenoid sinus. The postoperative insertion of a lumbar drainage seems to be a predisposing condition for this complication. The combined approach of tension pneumocephalus with external ventricular drainage and repair of the sphenoid sinus offers optimal results solving the acute neurological deterioration and avoiding recurrence.     

Factors involved in the development of subdural hygroma after decompressive craniectomy for traumatic brain injury. A systematic review and meta-analysis

Subdural hygroma (SDG) represents a common complication following decompressive craniectomy (DC). To our knowledge we present the first meta-analysis investigating the role of clinical and technical factors in the development of SDG after DC for traumatic brain injury. We further investigated the impact of SDG on the final prognosis of patients. The systematic review of the literature was done according to the PRISMA guidelines. Two different online medical databases (PubMed/Medline and Scopus) were screened. Four articles were included in this meta-analysis. Data regarding age, sex, trauma dynamic, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), pupil reactivity and CT scan findings on admission were collected for meta-analysis in order to evaluate the possible role in the SDG formation. Moreover we studied the possible impact of SDG on the outcome by evaluating the rate of patients dead at final follow-up and the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at final follow-up. Among the factors available for meta-analysis only the basal cistern involvement on CT scan was associated with the development of a SDG after DC (p < 0.001). Moreover, patients without SDG had a statistically significant better outcome compared with patients who developed SDG after DC in terms of GOS (p < 0.001). The rate of patients dead at follow-up was lower in the group of patients without SDH (8.25%) compared with patients who developed SDG (11.51%). SDG after DC is a serious complication affecting the prognosis of patients. Further studies are needed to define the role of some adjustable technical aspect of DC in preventing such a complication.     

Valproic acid-induced eosinophilic pleural effusion: a case report and review of the literature

We present a case of eosinophilic pleural effusion due to valproic acid (VPA), a rare adverse event that has been reported previously. A 30-year-old male patient presented with respiratory symptoms and right-sided pleuritic pain, within days of initiation of VPA treatment for a generalized seizure. Chest radiography revealed a moderate-sized right-sided pleural effusion, which was an exudate with a pH of 7.54 and 48% eosinophils. Symptoms resolved soon after discontinuation of the drug, as did the effusion in a repeat radiograph 3 weeks later. The likelihood that VPA was the cause of the effusion is examined.     

Distal calcarine fusiform aneurysm: a case report and review of literature

A 50 year old female who was operated for atrial septal defect 8 years back, presented with clinical features suggestive of subarachnoid haemorrhage (grade I, Hunt and Hess). CT scan of brain revealed haemorrhage in all the supratentorial basal cisterns, sylvian cistern and small haematoma in the left occipital lobe. Conventional CT and MR angiography revealed aneurysm in relation to distal part of the calcarine branch of the left posterior cerebral artery (PCA). Left occipital craniotomy in prone position followed by deep dissection in the occipital lobe showed fusiform aneurysm of the distal part of the calcarine branch. PCA aneurysms constitute only 0.2 to 1% of all intracranial aneurysms and among them distal PCA aneurysms are most rare, constituting only 1.3%. They too are mostly seen at the bifurcation of the PCA. The present case however, is unique in the sense that it has developed as a fusiform aneurysm in the distal part of the calcarine branch. To the best of our knowledge this is rare among the rarest.     

Obscure manifestations of Salmonella subdural empyema in children: case report and literature review

Purpose  

Salmonella intracranial infections, including subdural empyema and brain abscess, are rare clinical manifestations in children. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical course of Salmonella subdural empyema in infants and children.