介入栓塞术治疗大咯血（附32例分析）

目的研究大咯血的介入栓塞临床价值。方法对32例大咯血患者行介入性胸部支气管动脉及相关动脉造影,用聚乙烯醇颗粒（PVA）或明胶海棉颗粒对出血动脉进行栓塞治疗。结果近期（两周内）成功止血率达100%,2例分别在2周及6个月后复发咯血,再次介入栓塞或外科手术治疗而痊愈。结论介入性栓塞术治疗大咯血是及时有效的抢救患者生命的重要手段。     

大咯血的急诊栓塞治疗

目的 探讨动脉栓塞在大咯血治疗中的临床意义.方法 对19例大咯血患者进行支气管动脉或/和肋间动脉的栓塞治疗,在造影明确病变血管后,对靶血管进行明胶海绵颗粒或/和弹簧铜圈栓塞.结果 19例患者共栓塞支气管动脉22支,肋间动脉6支.所有病例于栓塞后0.5一1h咯血即停止,即时止血均成功.1月内复发率约为10.5%(2/19).未有截瘫等脊髓动脉栓塞所致严重并发症的发生.结论 动脉栓塞法治疗大咯血并发症少,疗效满意,是一种安全有效的治疗手段.     

支气管动脉介入栓塞治疗大咯血的临床应用

目的 探讨支气管动脉介入栓塞术治疗大咯血的临床疗效.方法 对18例内科治疗无效的大咯血患者行支气管动脉介入栓塞术.结果 18例均手术成功,完全控制咯血17例,有少量咯血1例,无并发症发生.结论 支气管动脉栓塞术是治疗大咯血的一种安全、有效和快速的治疗手段.     

海藻酸钠微球与明胶海绵栓塞肺结核大咯血的效果比较:143例分析

背景:在诸多治疗方案中,介入栓塞肺结核大咯血的疗效最明确、显著。而多种栓堵材料也随之而出现,从传统的明胶海绵、聚乙烯醇颗粒,到目前应用广泛的微弹簧圈、海藻酸钠微球栓塞剂,疗效各不相同。目的:比较海藻酸钠微球与明胶海绵支气管动脉内栓塞治疗肺结核大咯血的疗效。方法:143例肺结核大咯血患者,根据栓塞材料不同分为明胶组与海藻酸钠微球组。先行选择性支气管动脉插管造影,再做超选择支气管动脉插管,最后注入栓塞材料栓塞末梢支气管动脉。结果与结论:明胶组共栓塞靶血管92支,44例(58.7%)患者栓塞后即刻止血,总有效率为81.3%。随访2年,复发12例(25.3%)。海藻酸钠微球组共栓塞靶血管83支,60例(89.1%)患者栓塞后即刻止血,总有效率为92.6%。随访2年,复发5例(7.8%)。两组比较,海藻酸钠微球组即刻止血效果显著优于明胶组(P0.05),治愈率显著高于明胶组(P0.05);海藻酸钠微球组复发率显著低于明胶组(P0.05);海藻酸钠微球组总有效率显著高于明胶组(P0.05)。并发症的发生率两组差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。结果提示,海藻酸钠微球支气管动脉栓塞治疗肺结核大咯血安全、有效,复发率低,值得临床推广应用。     

选择性支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血的临床应用价值

目的 探讨选择性支气管动脉栓塞术(BAE)治疗大咯血的临床应用价值.方法 对28例经内科抗感染、止血保守治疗无效的大咯血患者,采用Seldinger技术经股动脉穿刺插管,行选择性支气管动脉血管减影显像(DSA)检查,根据造影明确咯血病灶后,超选择性插管,用明胶海绵(GS)栓塞.血管粗大者加用明胶海绵条,存在动静脉瘘者加用钢圈行多重栓塞.结果 一次栓塞后,咯血立即停止26例,咯血明显减少2例,无效1例,近期止血总有效率96.4%;术后随访6个月-3年,临床治愈18例,显效5例,有效3例,2例复发,中远期止血总有效率为92.9%,未出现严重栓塞并发症.结论 支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血是有效的非外科手术技术,是一种高效、安全、操作简便的治疗方法.     

支气管动脉栓塞治疗肺结核大咯血的术中配合及护理

大咯血是肺结核常见的急症之一，大部分患者经内科治疗可得到控制，但少数病例因内科治疗无效而危及生命。随着介入放射学的兴起，支气管动脉栓塞术已成为治疗大咯血的一种重要手段。我院自1998年以来采用支气管动脉栓塞术（BAE）治疗肺结核大咯血40例，取得了满意疗效。现报告如下。     

产后大出血急诊栓塞治疗

目的 探讨动脉栓塞在产后大出血急诊治疗中的应用.方法 对68例产后大出血患者进行双侧髂内动脉和/或子宫动脉栓塞,栓塞剂使用明胶海绵颗粒.结果 68例患者共进行70次栓塞治疗,其中,64例患者经1次栓塞治疗出血得以控制:2例患者经2次栓塞出血得以控制;另2例患者无效;总有效率为97%(66/68),无子宫坏死等严重并发症的发生.结论 动脉栓塞法治疗急诊产后大出血,止血效果显著,创伤小,已成为产后大出血的首选治疗方法.     

选择性支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血18例

大咯血是临床常见急症，药物治疗疗效有时受到一定的限制，咯血容易反复发作。国外Remy等1973年首先报道用支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血方法。国内近年利用微导管技术行选择性支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血的报道。2000年12月～2007年2月，作者所在两所医院采用选择性支气管动脉内栓塞术，治疗大咯血患者18例。报道如下。     

选择性支气管动脉栓塞术治疗支气管扩张所致大咯血的疗效

目的:探讨选择性支气管动脉栓塞术治疗支气管扩张所致大咯血的临床应用价值。方法:选择17例支气管扩张所致大咯血的患者进行选择性支气管动脉栓塞术,术后随访7～28日,行统计分析。结果:17例患者栓塞成功。止血率100%,治愈率94.1%,好转率6.25%,总有效率100%,复发率6.25%,无严重并发症。结论:选择性支气管动脉栓塞术治疗支气管扩张所致大咯血具有操作简便、微创、疗效迅速、安全可靠、毒副作用小、并发症少等特点。对内科保守治疗无效、不适合应用止血类药物、外科手术禁忌者或拒绝外科手术者,此种治疗为挽救患者生命的有效治疗手段。     

选择性与超选择性动脉造影栓塞术治疗大咯血的手术配合护理

采用选择性和超选择性动脉造影栓塞支气管等动脉出血所致的28例大咯血介入手术的配合护理作了报道.文中着重对手术的配合,术前和术后护理作了总结.     

Pulmonary Mucormycosis with Fatal Massive Hemoptysis

A case of pulmonary mucormycosis in a 57 year old woman with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) who died of massive hemoptysis is reported. Chest radiography revealed changes that began with a small focal infiltration and progressed to a large round nodule with cavity formation. Postmortem examination showed the nodule to be composed mainly of infarcted lung tissue with saprophytic growth of Mucor. An adjacent proximal branch of the left pulmonary artery was thrombosed with mucoraceous hyphae, and it had ruptured into the cavitary space around the necrotic tissue and then into a conducting bronchus. In general, both fatal massive hemoptysis and cavity formation are rare in pulmonary mucormycosis. In our present case, the histological findings suggested that both phenomena were closely related to the pulmonary infarction caused by Mucor invasion of the pulmonary artery.     

Endobronchial Stent Insertion to Manage Hemoptysis caused by Lung Cancer

Hemoptysis in patients with lung cancer is not uncommon and sometimes have dangerous consequences. Hemoptysis has been managed with various treatment options other than surgery and medicine, such as endobronchial tamponade, transcatheter arterial embolization and radiation therapy. However, these methods can sometimes be used only temporarily or are not suitable for a patient''s condition. We present a case in which uncontrollable hemoptysis caused by central lung cancer was successfully treated by inserting a covered self-expanding bronchial stent. The patient could be extubated and was able to undergo further palliative therapy. No recurrent episodes of hemoptysis occurred for the following three months. As our case, airway stenting is a considerable option for the tamponade of a bleeding lesion that cannot be successfully managed with other treatment methods and could be used to preserve airway patency in a select group of patients.     

Radiological Findings and Outcomes of Bronchial Artery Embolization in Cryptogenic Hemoptysis

Management of cryptogenic massive hemoptysis is difficult, and conservative treatment may be inadequate to stop the hemorrhage. Surgery is not a reasonable option because there is no underlying identifiable pathology. This study aimed to investigate the radiologic findings and bronchial artery embolization outcomes in cryptogenic hemoptysis, and to compare the results with non-cryptogenic hemoptysis. We evaluated 26 patients with cryptogenic hemoptysis and 152 patients with non-cryptogenic hemoptysis. A comparison of the bronchial artery abnormalities between the cryptogenic and non-cryptogenic hemoptysis groups showed that only extravasation was more statistically significant in the cryptogenic hemoptysis group than in the non-cryptogenic hemoptysis group, while the other bronchial artery abnormalities, such as bronchial artery dilatation, hypervascularity, and bronchial-to-pulmonary shunting, showed no significant difference between groups. Involvement of the non-bronchial systemic artery was significantly greater in the non-cryptogenic hemoptysis group than in the cryptogenic hemoptysis group. While 69.2% of patients with cryptogenic hemoptysis also had hypervascularity in the contralateral bronchial arteries and/or ipsilateral bronchial artery branches other than the bleeding lobar branches, this finding was not detected in non-cryptogenic hemoptysis. Embolization was performed on all patients using polyvinyl alcohol particles of 355-500 µm. Hemoptysis ceased in all patients immediately after embolization. While recurrence of hemoptysis showed no statistically significant difference between the cryptogenic and non-cryptogenic hemoptysis groups, it was mild in cryptogenic hemoptysis in contrast to mostly severe in non-cryptogenic hemoptysis. Transarterial embolization is a safe and effective technique to manage cryptogenic hemoptysis.     

Hemoptysis in a patient with congestive heart failure and pulmonary emboli.

This article reports a case of profuse hemoptysis in pulmonary embolism and reviews the literature. A 74-year-old patient with hypertension and dilated cardiomyopathy was admitted to the hospital for exacerbation of congestive heart failure and hemoptysis. During hospitalization, the patient had hemoptysis of 270 cc during a 24-hour period. Chest radiograph showed bilateral lower lobe infiltration. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed and revealed active bleeding from both lower lobes of the lungs. An endobronchial lesion was not seen, and the patient had an open lung biopsy. Histological examination of the lung tissue revealed an organized thrombus.     

Diagnostic Yield of Bronchial Washing Fluid Analysis for Hemoptysis in Patients with Bronchiectasis

Purpose

Bronchiectasis is the main cause of hemoptysis. When patients with bronchiectasis develop hemoptysis, clinicians often perform bronchoscopy and bronchial washing to obtain samples for microbiological and cytological examinations. Bronchial washing fluids were analyzed from patients with bronchiectasis who developed hemoptysis, and the clinical impacts of these analyses were examined.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective observational study of patients who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy for hemoptysis in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, a university affiliated tertiary referral hospital, between January 2006 and December 2010 were reviewed. Among them, patients who had bronchiectasis confirmed by computed tomography and had no definite cause of hemoptysis other than bronchiectasis were reviewed. The demographic characteristics, bronchoscopy findings, microbiological data, pathology results and clinical courses of these patients were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

A total of 130 patients were reviewed. Bacteria, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were isolated from bronchial washing fluids of 29.5%, 21.3%, and 0.8% patients, respectively. Suspected causal bacteria were isolated only from bronchial washing fluid in 19 patients, but this analysis led to antibiotics change in only one patient. Of the 27 patients in whom NTM were isolated from bronchial washing fluid, none of these patients took anti-NTM medication during the median follow-up period of 505 days. Malignant cells were not identified in none of the patients.

Conclusion

Bronchial washing is a useful method to identify microorganisms when patients with bronchiectasis develop hemoptysis. However, these results only minimally affect clinical decisions.