100例癫痫患者夜间自然睡眠脑电图分析

目的　观察癫痫患者夜间自然睡眠与痫样放电的关系 ,分析癫痫患者睡眠时相和睡眠结构的改变。方法　对10 0例癫痫患者 (癫痫组 )的 2 4h动态脑电图检查进行清醒和夜间睡眠脑电图分析 ,比较痫样放电的阳性率 ,分析睡眠结构 ,并与正常对照组进行比较。结果　癫痫组有 84例出现痫样放电 ,睡眠中出现的痫样放电率为 83 .3 3 % ,明显高于清醒期 (5 1.19% ) ,P <0 .0 1;其中 70例痫样放电分布于浅睡期 (NREMⅠ～Ⅱ期 ) ,与NREMⅢ～Ⅳ、REM、NREM -REM时相比较差异有高度显著性 (P均 <0 .0 1)。非动眼睡眠过程中各时相变化与正常对照组比较差异有高度显著性 (P均<0 .0 1)。结论　睡眠过程大大提高了痫样放电率 ,且痫样放电主要出现于浅睡期 (NREMⅠ～Ⅱ期 )。癫痫患者的睡眠时相明显发生改变 ,以至睡眠结构破坏 ,深睡期减少 ,其睡眠质量下降。     

儿童睡眠行为与癫痫

根据脑电图(EEG)、眼电图(EOG)、肌电图(EMG)表现,可将睡眠分成两种相互交替的时相:非快速眼动(non rapid eye movement,NREM)睡眠期和快速眼动( rapid eye movement,REM)睡眠期. NREM睡眠特点是无明显眼球运动、肌张力降低、EMG平坦;根据 NREM睡眠程度从浅到深,EEG频率由快变慢,电压由低到高的变化,进一步分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ4期,其中第Ⅲ、Ⅳ期睡眠又称慢波睡眠(slow wave sleep),此时意识完全丧失、大脑皮质细胞充分休息,是睡眠质量的指标.     

老年癫痫患者夜间自然睡眠脑电图分析

目的 观察老年癫痫患者夜间自然睡眠与痫样放电的关系,探讨老年癫痫患者睡眠时相的改变.方法 对64例老年癫痫患者(癫痫组)的24小时动态脑电图进行清醒和夜间睡眠脑电图分析,比较痫样放电的检出率,分析睡眠时相,并与健康对照组比较.结果 老年癫痫患者夜间自然睡眠状态中痫样放电的检出率为68.75%,清醒状态中痫样放电的检出率为40.62%;痫样放电分步于NREMⅠ～Ⅱ期者占86.36%,明显高于NREMⅢ～Ⅳ期、REM期及NREM-REM期(P均＜0.01).癫痫组NREM各时相所占时间比例与健康对照组比较差异有高度显著性(P均＜0.01),癫痫组睡眠纺锤波破坏者明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 老年癫痫患者夜间自然睡眠状态中痫样放电检出率明显高于清醒期,痫样放电主要分布于NREMⅠ～Ⅱ期.老年癫痫患者睡眠时相明显发生改变,睡眠纺锤波破坏,睡眠质量下降.     

临床下发作的原发性癫痫儿童睡眠结构特点及其影响因素

目的 探讨临床下发作的原发性癫痫患儿的睡眠结构特点及其影响因素.方法 收集33例临床下发作的原发性癫痫患儿与40例正常对照组的24 h动态脑电图及眼动图数据并比较分析;采用多因素Logistic回归分析了解癫痫患儿睡眠结构改变的影响因素.结果 癫痫组较对照组浅睡期时间、快动眼睡眠(REM期)潜伏期、睡眠觉醒次数等明显增加,而深睡期时间减少,睡眠质量下降,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).回归分析提示棘波个数及夜间觉醒次数最终纳入回归方程(P<0.05),说明棘波个数及觉醒次数可能是睡眠结构紊乱的危险因素.结论 临床下放电的癫痫儿童睡眠效率降低,睡眠质量下降;临床下痫样放电与睡眠改变有关.     

不同程度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的睡眠监测特点

目的:分析不同程度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)和单纯鼾症的多导睡眠监测特点。方法:应用32导多导睡眠监测仪(PSG)对睡眠打鼾成人183例行整夜睡眠监测,并按照呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)对患者进行分组,分为单纯鼾症组(Ⅰ组)、轻度OSAHS组(Ⅱ组)、中度OSAHS组(Ⅲ组)和重度OSAHS组(Ⅳ组)。比较各组间的PSG检测结果。结果:4组患者的年龄、NREM2期、NREM4期、大于1.5 min的觉醒次数间无差异,NREM 1期、NREM 3期、REM期、最长呼吸暂停时间总体上有差异,差异表现在Ⅰ组与Ⅲ、Ⅳ组间,Ⅱ组与Ⅳ组之间,且REM期在各组中都与正常值间有明显差异,最低血氧饱和度和微觉醒指数在各组间均存在明显差异,与严重程度有相关关系。结论:患者的严重程度与睡眠结构的改变部分相关,而与缺氧和微觉醒成明显相关,疾病越严重,缺氧和微觉醒越明显。     

不同年龄及状态下儿童脑电复杂度的特征

目的：应用非线性分析方法，研究儿童在不同年龄和不同生理状态下脑电复杂度的变化特征。方法：对45例健康状态基本正常的0～15岁儿童进行16导脑电连续24h监测，分析清醒睁眼、闭眼、NREM(非快速眼动期)睡眠Ⅰ～Ⅱ期(浅睡期)、Ⅲ～Ⅳ期(深睡期)及REM(眼速动期)睡眠共7种状态的脑电复杂度特征，并对复杂度与年龄的相关性进行分析。结果：(1)全脑复杂度在睁眼状态大于闭眼状态，清醒状态大于睡眠期。NREM睡眠期随睡眠深度增加，复杂度逐渐减低。REM期复杂度高于深睡期，但低于清醒期。(2)全脑平均脑电复杂度在睁眼、闭眼及浅睡期与年龄呈正相关，在深睡期及REM期与年龄无明显相关性。(3)在清醒闭眼状态下各脑区脑电复杂度与年龄均呈正相关，睁眼及浅睡期则以旁中线区复杂度与年龄有较好的相关性。结论：复杂度可用于研究不同生理状态下的脑动力学特征及脑电活动与脑发育的关系，可作为评价脑功能状态及脑发育水平的一个客观指标。     

规范化脑电图在难治性癫痫术前定位中的应用

探讨规范化脑电图（EEG）对难治性癫痫（IEP）术前定位的应用价值。方法：选择30例行手术治疗的难治性IEP患者,先行常规EEG检查,再行规范化EEG检查,（包括减、停药物、剥夺睡眠诱发、应用蝶骨电极等）描记清醒、睡眠两种状态下EEG的变化,重点描记睡眠中非快动眼睡眠（NREM）和快动眼睡眠（REM）期,检查时间为90～120?min,以求用这种方法发现更多EP活动的起始灶。结果：规范化EEG检查法明显提高了EP波的检出率,与常规EEG相比,定侧定位率从43%提高到87%。睡眠状态下NREM期和REM期局灶性放电较清醒期明显增加。16例起始放电区域与手术部位一致。结论：睡眠周期中局灶性异常电活动以及发作起始侧的脑电改变,对定位致痫灶有较高价值。     

外伤性癫癎的动态脑电图分析

目的分析外伤性癫癎的动态脑电图特点。方法对59例临床诊断为外伤性癫癎的患者行24h动态脑电图(AEEG)检查,分析其清醒及睡眠时的脑电波变化。结果 59例患者记录过程中未有临床发作,AEEG检出单有癎样放电患者40例(所占比例67.8%),单有异常慢波患者10例(所占比例16.9%),两者皆有的患者5例(所占比例8.5%),未见明显异常4例(占6.8%);睡眠时放电45例(占76.3%),其中40例只在睡眠时出现,余5例在睡眠和清醒时均出现,多出现在非快速眼动睡眠NREMⅠ-Ⅱ期,有NREMⅠ-Ⅱ期延长,NREMⅢ-Ⅳ期缩短,14岁以下儿童明显。结论动态脑电图对外伤性癫癎的诊断和睡眠关系的研究有重要意义。     

不同睡眠时相对正常人呼吸控制功能的影响

目的了解不同睡眠时相对正常人呼吸控制功能的影响.方法通过鼻罩经鼻测定11例正常人在非快动眼睡眠(NREM)Ⅰ Ⅱ、NREMⅢ Ⅳ及快动眼睡眠(REM)睡眠期的口腔阻断压(P0.1),呼吸中枢对低氧及高二氧化碳的反应性.结果在各睡眠时相,P0.1均与清醒时无明显差异(P＞0.05),有效吸气阻抗(P0.1·VT-1·Ti-1)均升高(P＜0.05);在NREM睡眠期,低氧及高二氧化碳通气反应(△VE/△SaO2、△VE/△PaCO2)降低(P＜0.05),但P0.1的低氧及高二氧化碳反应(△P0.1/△SaO2、△P01/△PaCO2)均维持在清醒时的水平(P＞0.05);进入REM睡眠期,△P01/△SaO2、△P0.1/△PaCO2及△VE/△SaO2、△VE/△PaCO2均降低(P＜0.05).结论睡眠时,正常人呼吸中枢对上气道阻力增加可产生较有效的代偿,呼吸驱动(P0.1)维持在清醒时水平;在NREM睡眠期,呼吸中枢的化学敏感性降低不明显;进入REM睡眠期后,中枢的化学敏感性降低,易出现呼吸紊乱.     

癫痫200例动态脑电图分析

目的探讨动态脑电图（AEEG）在癫痫诊断中的应用价值。方法对200例临床拟诊癫痫患者的24h动态脑电图与常规脑电图结果进行比较分析,观察痫样放电情况。结果200例患者中检出痫样放电164例,在清醒及睡眠期同时出现有7例,仅在清醒期出现25例,睡眠期出现132例,因此,清醒期共出现32例（占16％）,睡眠期共出现139例（占85．8％）。其中出现在非快速眼动睡眠期（NREM）Ⅰ-Ⅱ期的痫样放电102例（占73．38％）。结论睡眠期痫样放电检出率明显高于觉醒期,且痫样放电主要在NREMⅠ-Ⅱ期,AEEG对癫痫的临床诊断有重要意义。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.