脊髓CX3CR1在骨癌痛大鼠吗啡耐受形成中的作用

目的观察骨癌痛-吗啡耐受大鼠脊髓背角CX3C趋化因子受体1(CX3CR1)蛋白表达的变化,探讨CX3CR1在骨癌痛大鼠吗啡耐受形成中的作用及其与小胶质细胞之间的关系。方法成年雌性SD大鼠48只,随机分为4组(n=12):对照组(C组)、假手术组(S组)、骨癌痛-吗啡耐受组(BM组)、BM+米诺环素组(BM+m组)。C组不作任何处理;S组大鼠仅手术暴露右侧胫骨上段;BM组大鼠右侧胫骨上段骨髓腔注入Walker 256乳腺癌细胞10μL(4×105个细胞/mL)制作骨癌痛模型,第9天开始鞘内给予20μg/kg吗啡,2次/d,连续7 d;BM+m组在BM组处理方法的基础上,手术后第16天再连续3 d鞘内注射米诺环素250μg/kg。分别于术前,术后第3、6、9、12、15、18天测定大鼠机械缩足阈值(MWT)和机械缩足持续时间(MWD),各组于术后18 d处死大鼠,取脊髓L4~6节段组织,采用Western blot法测定CX3CR1蛋白表达,免疫组化法检测小胶质细胞标记物OX-42水平。结果 BM组大鼠在鞘内给予吗啡第7天(即术后第15天)形成较稳定的吗啡耐受,表现为MWT值下降,明显低于C组和S组(均P<0.01),而MWD上升,明显高于C组和S组(均P<0.01),术后第18天两指标与BM+m组比较差异也有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。BM组大鼠吗啡耐受形成后脊髓背角CX3CR1蛋白和OX-42表达明显高于C组和S组(均P<0.01),而BM+m组注射米诺环素后脊髓CX3CR1蛋白和OX-42表达低于BM组(均P<0.05)。结论脊髓CX3CR1可能在骨癌痛大鼠慢性吗啡耐受的形成中发挥重要作用,小胶质细胞活化使脊髓CX3CR1蛋白表达上调。     

电针刺激对炎性痛大鼠吗啡耐受形成影响的研究

目的 观察电针刺激对辣椒素受体在慢性炎性痛-吗啡耐受大鼠背根神经节表达的影响,探索电针在吗啡耐受形成过程中的作用和可能机制.方法 将24只健康雄性SD大鼠制成关节炎模型,随机分为3组,鞘内给予吗啡10μg/kg组(A组),鞘内给予吗啡10μg/kg复合电针刺激组(B组),鞘内给予生理盐水组(C组).A组鞘内给予10μg/kg吗啡1日2次,B组鞘内给予10μg/kg吗啡复合电针刺激阳陵泉和足三里两穴1日2次,C组鞘内给予等量生理盐水1日2次.以触觉测试包测试50%缩爪阈值,以免疫组化方法 检测背根神经节VR1表达.结果 A组在给药后第7天形成较稳定的吗啡耐受;B组在给药后第7日尚未形成稳定吗啡耐受,其背根神经节VR1表达阳性细胞数较单纯鞘内吗啡组(A组)少,较生理盐水组(C组)多.结论 电针刺激能够延长炎性痛大鼠吗啡耐受形成时间,抑制鞘内给予吗啡所导致的炎性痛大鼠背根神经节辣椒素受体的表达增加可能是机制之一.     

不同时间介入电针治疗对骨癌痛吗啡耐受大鼠的疗效评价

[目的]观察Walker256乳腺癌细胞所致骨癌痛吗啡耐受大鼠的模型特点及不同时间介入电针治疗对骨癌痛吗啡耐受大鼠的疗效。[方法]清洁级健康雌性SD大鼠53只,随机分为6组:假手术组(Sham)、骨癌痛组(BCP)、骨癌痛-吗啡耐受组(MT)、电针Ⅰ组(EA I)、电针Ⅱ组(EA II)、假电针组(Sham EA)。除sham组外,将10μL Walker256乳腺癌细胞(1×105cell)注入各组大鼠左侧胫骨髓腔内,于术后7d,将MT组、EAⅠ组、EAⅡ组、sham EA组骨癌痛制备成功的大鼠行腹腔注射盐酸吗啡(10mg·kg-1,2次/d)连续11d,诱导骨癌痛-吗啡耐受模型。EA I组于吗啡耐受前(即术后7d)介入电针干预,采用2/100Hz电针,刺激双侧"足三里"和"昆仑"穴,连续刺激18d;EA II组于吗啡耐受后第1d(即术后18d)介入电针治疗,方法同EAⅠ组,连续治疗7d;Sham EA组大鼠仅给予针刺破皮,不予通电治疗,其穴位及治疗时间同EA II组。观察大鼠患侧机械缩足阈(paw withdrawal thresholds,PWT)评价电针治疗效果。[结果]癌细胞接种后第6d(即术后6d),BCP组和MT组大鼠患侧PWT均明显低于Sham组大鼠(P0.01)。吗啡注射第1d,MT组大鼠患侧PWT显著高于BCP组大鼠(P0.01);吗啡连续注射11d(术后17d)后MT组大鼠PWT下降至BCP组大鼠同等水平(P0.05)。吗啡耐受前介入电针干预后第9d~13d(即术后第15d~19d),EA I组大鼠PWT明显高于MT组大鼠(P0.05或P0.01);而术后第20d至24d,EA I组大鼠PWT与MT组比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。吗啡耐受后介入电针治疗第1d~7d,EA II组大鼠患侧PWT较MT组和Sham EA组均明显升高(P0.05或P0.01)。[结论]骨癌痛大鼠给予腹腔连续注射吗啡11d时,即可成功诱导癌痛大鼠吗啡耐受模型;吗啡耐受前给予电针预刺激可延缓骨癌痛大鼠吗啡耐受产生;吗啡耐受后给予电针治疗可部分翻转骨癌痛大鼠吗啡耐受效应。     

电针对糖尿病神经痛模型大鼠背根神经节磷酸化p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶的干预作用

目的观察电针对糖尿病神经痛大鼠背根神经节磷酸化p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(pp38MAPK)表达的影响。方法将20只健康雄性SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为空白组6只,造模组14只,造模组大鼠采用单次腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(65mg/kg)建立糖尿病神经痛模型,造模成功的12只大鼠按随机数字表法分为模型组和电针组,每组6只;电针组于2周后介入电针,取双侧足三里和昆仑穴,每天1次,每次30min,干预1周。空白组、模型组大鼠予以同电针组相同的固定。采用动态足底触觉仪检测大鼠造模前、造模后1、2、3周机械痛阈,采用免疫荧光法检测大鼠腰4至腰6背根神经节中p-p38MAPK阳性细胞表达。结果与空白组比较,造模后1周模型组和电针组大鼠机械痛阈[(31.06±0.66)g、(32.51±0.84)g比(31.04±1.63)g,P0.05]无显著性差异,造模后2、3周模型组大鼠机械痛阈[(25.20±1.03)g比(31.17±0.68)g,(18.29±2.01)g比(31.92±0.95)g,P均0.05]均显著降低;与模型组比较,造模后3周电针组大鼠机械痛阈[(26.91±2.81)g比(18.29±2.01)g,P0.05]显著升高。与空白组比较,模型组大鼠L4-L6背根神经节上的p-p38MAPK阳性细胞个数[(37.76±0.38)个比(21.49±1.57)个、(35.63±1.84)个比(22.49±2.66)个、(33.95±1.34)个比(21.79±1.09)个,P均0.05]表达显著升高;与模型组比较,电针组大鼠腰4至腰6背根神经节上的p-p38MAPK阳性细胞个数[(26.69±1.35)个比(37.76±0.38)个、(23.54±3.22)个比(35.63±1.84)个、(26.38±2.65)个比(33.95±1.34)个,P均0.05]表达显著降低。结论电针对糖尿病神经痛模型大鼠有良好的镇痛效果,其机制可能与抑制背根神经节神经元p-p38MAPK表达相关。     

炎性痛-吗啡耐受大鼠背根神经节辣椒素受体表达

目的:观察辣椒素受体(VR1)在慢性炎性痛-吗啡耐受大鼠背根神经节(DRG)表达变化,探讨VR1在吗啡耐受形成过程中的作用和机制.方法:将24只健康雄性SD大鼠制成关节炎模型,随机分为3组,鞘内给予吗啡10μg/kg组(A组),鞘内给予吗啡20μg/kg组(B组),鞘内给予生理盐水组(C组).每日2次,连续7d.以触觉测试包测试50%缩爪阈值,以免疫组化方法检测背根神经节VR1表达.结果:A、B两组在给药第5日形成较稳定的吗啡耐受,其背根神经节VR1表达阳性细胞数较生理盐水组多.结论:背根神经节辣椒素受体可能参与慢性炎性痛大鼠吗啡耐受形成过程.     

大鼠初级感觉神经元内PKA/CREB通路在骨癌痛中的作用

目的:观察蛋白激酶A拮抗剂H-89对骨癌痛大鼠疼痛行为和背根神经节环磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白(c AMP-response element binding protein,CREB)磷酸化水平的影响。方法:1检测骨癌痛大鼠背根神经节CREB磷酸化水平:将32只雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组和骨癌痛组(n=16),分组后在大鼠右侧胫骨髓腔内分别注射PBS或乳腺癌Walker 256细胞,肿瘤细胞接种后1,3,7,10,14 d检测大鼠机械痛阈,第14天提取骨癌痛组大鼠第2至第5腰椎右侧的背根神经节,应用免疫印迹法检测磷酸化CREB(p-CREB)的表达量。2检测H-89对大鼠疼痛行为及CREB磷酸化的影响:将32只骨癌大鼠随机均分为DMSO组和H-89组。在肿瘤细胞接种后的第9天至第14天每天鞘内注射DMSO或H-89。分别在给药前、给药后15,30,45和60 min进行疼痛行为测试。在第14天最后一次鞘内给药1 h后,快速提取大鼠右侧背根神经节,应用免疫印迹法检测p-CREB的表达量。结果:与假手术组比较,骨癌痛组大鼠机械痛阈明显降低,背根神经节中CREB磷酸化水平升高(P<0.05)。鞘内注射DMSO或H-89后,H-89组大鼠机械痛阈较DMSO组明显升高。同时H-89组CREB磷酸化水平较DMSO组明显降低(P<0.01)。结论:蛋白激酶A通过CREB磷酸化加剧大鼠骨癌痛。     

鞘内注射硫酸镁对骨癌痛小鼠痛行为的影响

目的 观察鞘内注射硫酸镁( MgSO4)对骨癌痛小鼠痛行为的影响.方法 雄性C3 H/HeJ小鼠56只,8 ～10周龄,体质量18～22 g,随机分为7组(n=8):假手术Sham组(S组)、癌痛模型对照Control组(C组)和MgSO4及吗啡Treat组(T1 -T5组).C组和T组(T1-T5组)小鼠右侧股骨远端骨髓腔接种含有2×105个NCTC 2472纤维肉瘤细胞的20μl α-MEM,建立骨癌痛模型;S组小鼠骨髓腔注入不含NCTC2472细胞的20μl α-MEM.在接种肿瘤细胞后第14天S组和C组鞘内注射5μl人工脑脊液,T1 -T5组分别鞘内注射溶于人工脑脊液的MgSO4 14.4 μg/5μl、43.2 μg/5μl、86.4 μg/5μl、吗啡0.36 μg/5μl、MgSO414.4μg-吗啡0.36 μg/5 μl.各组于给药前0.5h及给药后的0.5h、2h、4h、8h检测小鼠的自发抬足次数、机械性缩足反射阈值(PWMT)和热缩足反射潜伏期(PWTL).结果 鞘内给予MgSQ 14.4 μg、吗啡0.36 μg对骨癌痛小鼠痛行为无影响,鞘内给予MgSO4 43.2 μg、86.4 μg能剂量依赖性减轻小鼠痛行为反应,同时MgSO4 14.4μg-吗啡阈下剂量0.36μg组合也减轻小鼠痛行为反应,给药后0.5h各组小鼠自发抬足次数[(10.08±1.66)次、(7.35±1.36)次、(10.54±1.32)次]比C组[(13.05±2.06)次]降低,PWMT[ (0.81±0.22)g、(1.33±0.19)g、(0.93±0.26)g]、PWTL[ (10.57±1.53)s、(13.12±1.71)s、(11.46±1.83)s]比C组[(0.42±0.23)g、(8.87±1.27)s]升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).作用2h达到高峰,维持到4h左右,8h后基本消失.结论 鞘内注射MgSO4能够剂量依赖性改善骨癌痛小鼠的痛行为;同时MgSO4可增强阈下剂量吗啡的镇痛作用.     

加巴喷丁减轻骨癌痛大鼠的机械痛敏

目的 观察不同剂量加巴喷丁对胫骨癌痛大鼠机械痛敏的影响.方法 雌性SD大鼠42只,随机分为7组(n=6),即空白对照组(N组)、假手术+生理盐水组(SN组)、假手术+加巴喷丁200 mg ·kg-1·d-1组(SG200组)、骨癌痛+生理盐水组(BN组)、骨癌痛+加巴喷丁50mg·kg-1·d-1组(BG50组)、骨癌痛+加巴喷丁100mg·kg-1·d-1组(BG100组)和骨癌痛+加巴喷丁200mg· kg-1·d-1组(BG200组).从术后第7天起,在保持正常饮水量的前提下,SG200组、BG50组、BG100组和BG200组每天分别按体重将加巴喷丁200mg/kg、50 mg/kg、100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg溶于5 ml生理盐水中饲喂,N组、SN 组和BN组仅给予同等量的生理盐水.分别在术前、术后1,3,5,7d和8,10,12,14d(分别对应为给药后1,3,5,7d)测定右后肢机械缩足阈值(MWT)和自由行走痛行为评分.结果 术后第7天,骨癌痛大鼠MWT [ (3.78 ±0.38)g]和自由行走痛评分[(0.76 ±0.44)分]与空白对照组[(14.50 ±1.38)g,(0.00±0.00)分]和假手术组[(10.21±0.88)g,(0.00±0.00)分]比较,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在连续应用加巴喷丁的1周中,SN组和SG200组大鼠行为学的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05); BG50组与BN组比较,MWT无明显差异(P＞0.05),自由行走痛行为评分相对降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后第10天,BG100组[(5.35±0.85)g]和BG200组[(5.71±0.72)g]与BN组[(2.61±0.40)g]和BG50组[(3.28±1.15)g]比较,MWT明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);直到术后14d,差异仍有统计学意义(P＜0.05);从术后第8天起,BG100组和BG200组自由行走痛行为评分较BN组降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 中到大剂量的加巴喷丁可以缓解骨癌痛大鼠的疼痛症状,但是随着肿瘤骨破坏的加重,加巴喷丁的止痛作用也随之降低.     

鞘内转染Ad-hNGFβ-EGFP对神经病理痛大鼠背根神经节CGRP和SP表达的影响

目的:探讨鞘内转染携带增强型绿色荧光蛋白的重组腺病毒介导的人神经生长因子β(Ad-hNGFβ-EG-FP)对神经病理性痛大鼠背根神经节(DRG)降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)和P物质(SP)表达的影响。方法:48只雄性SD大鼠制备坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤(CCI)模型,分别鞘内注射人工脑脊液(CSF组)或Ad-hNGFβ-EGFP基因(Ad-hNGFβ-EGFP组),于术前1 d、转染后4～28 d测定热痛阈、机械痛阈,进行行为学评分。分别于转染后4、71、4及28 d结扎L4～6背根神经节,免疫组织化学法测定DRG中CGRP和SP的表达。另设假手术组进行对比。结果:CSF组和Ad-hNGFβ-EGFP组行为学评分升高,机械痛阈及热痛阈均降低(P<0.01),2组背根神经节SP及CGRP表达均明显高于假手术组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:鞘内转染Ad-hNGFβ-EGFP基因可通过降低背根神经节SP及CGRP含量而减轻大鼠痛觉过敏。     

电针对坐骨神经痛大鼠模型nNOS影响

目的观察电针肾俞穴对坐骨神经痛模型大鼠的疼痛行为学及脊髓中神经元型一氧化氮合酶含量的影响。方法 30只健康雄性SD大鼠,随机分成假手术组、模型组、治疗组、抑制剂组、抑制剂+针灸组,使用坐骨神经慢性压榨损伤大鼠模型。治疗组、抑制剂+针灸组于术后第1天起进行电针肾俞穴治疗,共13 d。使用Von-Fair对大鼠进行行为学检测,监测3组大鼠在术前1天、术后第1天、第3天、第5天、第7天、第9天、第11天、第13天机械缩足痛阈变化,在术后第14天处死取材,Western Blot、PCR检测各组大鼠脊髓中nNOS蛋白、mRNA含量变化。结果电针肾俞穴治疗坐骨神经痛模型大鼠,可明显改善大鼠机械缩足痛阈,降低脊髓中nNOS蛋白表达,同时nNOS的RNA表达也有了明显下调。结论电针肾俞穴治疗坐骨神经痛大鼠,可通过降低nNOS的表达改善模型大鼠的机械缩足痛阈。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.