婴幼儿化脓性脑膜炎216例临床分析

目的探讨婴幼儿化脓性脑膜炎(以下简称化脑)的临床特点及误诊的原因。方法对1995年1月~2004年12月本院收治的216例1d~3y的化脑婴幼儿进行回顾性分析。结果216例化脑患儿有以下临床特点:年龄愈小其临床表现愈不典型,误诊率亦愈高,尤其易与呼吸道和消化道疾病相混淆。3岁以上儿童,化脑的症状多数典型,起病急,常有高热、头痛、呕吐、嗜睡甚至昏迷或惊厥,脑膜剌激征阳性。结论对患儿病情做全面分析并进行诊断性腰穿可排除或证实化脑,降低化脑的误诊率。     

中枢神经系统感染患儿脑脊液血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶含量的临床意义

目的:探讨中枢神经系统感染(CNSI)患儿脑脊液(CSF)及血清中神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平变化的临床意义。方法:选病毒性脑炎(病脑)32例,结核性脑膜炎(结脑)9例,化脓性脑膜炎(化脑)13例及20例同期住院的小儿普外科手术患儿作为对照组。用ELISA法检测他们CSF和血清中的NSE浓度。结果:病脑、结脑和化脑患儿CSF和血清中的NSE均明显高于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05),其中以结脑的升高最明显,其次是病脑。结脑和病脑患儿CSF和血清中的NSE水平均高于化脑的(P<0.01或P<0.05)。急性期CNSI患儿CSF中的NSE浓度与血清中的NSE浓度呈正相关(r=0.83,P<0.01)。结论:CSF和血清中的NSE水平除可作为CSNI患儿脑实质损伤的指标之外,还可望作结脑和化脑或病脑和化脑间的鉴别依据之一。     

智力低下和/或脑性瘫痪患儿的危险因素、诱发电位及脑CT分析:回顾性研究

目的:探讨智力低下、脑性瘫痪危险因素及脑干听觉诱发电位(brainstemauditoryevokedpotentials,BAEP)与脑CT情况。方法:采用回顾性调查法分析137例智力低下和/或脑性瘫痪患儿围生期危险因素、BAEP及脑CT的异常率。结果:54.8%的患儿出生前有异常,25.6%的患儿出生时有异常,16.1%的患儿曾有新生儿期异常;4.4%的患儿有家族史;62.0%的患儿有BAEP异常,52.3%的患儿有脑CT异常。结论:围生期危险因素与智力低下和/或脑性瘫痪发病相关;BAEP及脑CT为早期发现智力低下和/或脑性瘫痪患儿提供有益的辅助帮助。应加强孕期保健及健康教育、提高接产质量及新生儿期急重症的及时诊治。     

化脓性脑膜炎患儿脑脊液肿瘤坏死因子和白细胞介素6？…

目的 探讨脑脊液中肿瘤坏死因子α（ＴＮＦα）和白细胞介素６（ＩＬ－６）的检测对化脓性脑膜炎的诊断价值。方法 用放射免疫法和ＥＬＩＳＡ法对１９例化脓性脑膜炎和２７例毒性脑膜炎及１２例对照儿同时进行脑脊液ＴＮＦα和ＩＬ－６含量的测定，并计算其对化脑诊断的敏感性和特异性。结果：１９例化脑患儿脑脊液中ＴＮＦα和ＩＬ－６含量均明显高于病脑患儿的测定值（Ｐ〈０．０１），二者对化脑患儿诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为     

儿童行视频脑电监测引起头皮损伤的影响因素分析

目的调查行视频脑电监测患儿头皮损伤的发生率,分析其影响因素,为预防患儿行视频脑电监测引起头皮损伤提供依据。方法采取方便抽样法对病房228例行视频脑电监测的患儿进行脑电后皮肤损伤的评估,并记录相关信息,应用Logistic回归分析进行多因素分析。结果 228例视频脑电患儿中,头皮损伤发生率为39%,其中头部皮肤损伤Ⅲ级的约占患儿总数的65%。Logistic回归分析结果显示:性别、年龄、体质量指数、脑电监测时间为脑电头皮损伤的独立危险因素,P0.05。结论性别、年龄、体质量指数、脑电时间可能为脑电头皮损伤的独立危险因素,应在临床实践中予以重视,并采取应对措施。     

癫痫持续状态患儿振幅整合脑电图分级及脑功能近期预后的相关性分析

目的探讨儿童癫痫持续状态患儿振幅整合脑电图(a EEG)分级及脑功能近期预后的相关性。方法选取2019年12月1日至2020年10月31日儋州市人民医院收治的45例儿童癫痫持续状态患儿,记录患儿在发病后72小时内的a EEG情况并分级,采用脑功能量表(PCPC)在患儿出院后3个月随访评估脑功能预后评分,采用Pearson分析法分析a EEG分级与脑功能评分间的相关性。结果 45例患儿中,a EEGⅠ级10例(22.22%),a EEGII级17例(37.78%),a EEGⅢ级18例(40%); 45例患儿中,a EEGⅠ级脑功能近期预后良好患儿8例(17.77%),脑功能近期预后不良患儿2例(4.44%),a EEGII级脑功能近期预后良好患儿4例(8.88%),脑功能近期预后不良患儿13例(28.88%),a EEGⅢ级脑功能近期预后良好患儿0例,脑功能近期预后不良患儿18例(40%); a EEG分级与PCPC评分呈正相关(r=0.665,P0.05);经Logistic回归分析结果显示,患儿的年龄和性别在脑功能近期预后评估中无明显作用(P0.05),而患儿的a EEG则在脑功能近期预后评估中具有独立影响作用(P0.05)。结论儿童癫痫持续状态下患儿进行a EEG监测能有效评估患儿脑功能近期预后,值得推广应用。     

婴儿化脓性脑膜炎37例分析

小儿化脓性脑膜炎(简称化脑)多见于婴儿。婴儿化脑的体征和症状隐晦不显,病程早期常延误诊断。本文就37例婴儿化脑(不包括流脑及新生儿化脑)进行分析,并浅谈对其早期诊断、治疗问题的体会。临床资料一般资料:男26例,女11例。患儿以2个月及7～8个月时发病最多。住院最长者53天,平均17天。     

脑性瘫痪的围产期高危因素:139例回顾性分析

目的:脑性瘫痪(cerebralpalsy,CP)是儿科常见的致残性疾病,明确脑性瘫痪发生的高危因素、临床表现特点以及并发症等情况对降低脑性瘫痪发生率,改善患儿预后以及提高生活质量有重要意义。分析139例脑性瘫痪患儿的临床资料特点,探讨脑性瘫痪的围生期高危因素并。方法:对139例脑性瘫痪患儿的围生期高危因素进行回顾性调查,并对脑性瘫痪的诊断年龄、头颅计算机体层摄影(CT)或磁共振成像(MRI)、脑电图改变以及并发癫痫的情况进行分析。结果:139例脑性瘫痪患儿以痉挛型(66.2%)最多见,其次为手足徐动型(18.0%)和共济失调型(5.8%)。111例脑性瘫痪患儿存在围生期高危因素,常见的高危因素依次为新生儿窒息、早产和低出生体质量;77.5%的脑性瘫痪患儿具有2种或2种以上的围生期高危因素。64.8%的脑性瘫痪在6月龄前确诊,22.3%的在3月龄前确诊。84.7%的脑性瘫痪患儿头颅CT和/或MRI异常,常见改变包括脑发育不良(30.5%)、脑积水(21.0%)、脑萎缩(15.2%)等。35.7%的脑性瘫痪患儿脑电图异常,合并癫痫的脑性瘫痪患儿脑电图异常率高达84.4%,并且以典型痫样波出现的比例较高(54.2%);未合并者以背景慢活动为主(61.1%),两组差异有显著性意义(χ2=7.11,P<0.05)。结论:脑性瘫痪的发生与围生期高危因素密切相关,多个高危因素提高脑性     

降钙素原及CD64在小儿化脓性脑膜炎测定中的应用

目的分析脑脊液及血清降钙素原(PCT)、中性粒细胞CD64、C反应蛋白(CRP)在小儿不同病原体感染脑膜炎中的鉴别价值,并探讨3种检测方法对患儿治疗及预后监测的可行性。方法选择123例脑膜炎患儿,并根据鉴别诊断分为化脓性脑膜炎(化脑组)65例、病毒性脑膜炎(病脑组)58例,同时选取非中枢神经系统感染性患儿60例作为对照(对照组)。在患儿入院24h内及治疗一段时间后,抽取其静脉血及脑脊液进行血清PCT、CRP、中性粒细胞CD64测定,分析各组患儿对3项指标在急性期和恢复期的变化及阳性率。结果 3项检测结果在发病初期对化脑组及病脑组的比较均有明显的鉴别意义,各组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);在各组急性期与恢复期的鉴别检测中,CRP在化脑组及病脑组鉴别差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而CD64对于检测化脑组差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但对病脑组的表达水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义;两组脑膜炎患儿的阳性率比较,PCT检测差异有统计学意义,而CRP则无显著差异。结论 PCT在治疗前观察及预后检测均有效,对鉴别小儿化脓性脑膜炎和病毒性脑膜炎有重要的参考价值,优于CRP的检测结果。CD64对小儿化脓性脑膜炎的检测有重要意义,可作为有效指标在临床中推广使用。     

降钙素原和基质金属蛋白酶-9在小儿颅内感染中的改变及其价值探讨

目的 观察中枢神经系统感染患儿血清和脑脊液中降钙素原(PCT)、基质金属蛋白酶-9 (MMP-9)水平的变化,探讨其对化脓性脑膜炎、病毒性脑炎的鉴别诊断价值.方法 选取2014年9月至2015年12月青岛市妇女儿童医院神经内科病房收治的脑(膜)炎患儿73例,其中化脓性脑膜炎患儿22例(化脑组),病毒性脑炎患儿51例(病脑组)作为研究对象,并选择非感染性无热惊厥患儿20例作为对照组.所有受试者均于入院后24h内,在无菌条件下行腰椎穿刺采集脑脊液2.0 mL,同时采取静脉血4 mL,采用双抗体夹心法酶联免疫吸附试验(EHSA)检测血清、脑脊液MMP-9水平,电化学发光法检测血清、脑脊液PCT水平.多组间比较采用方差分析,组间两两比较应用SNK-q检验,阳性率显著性比较用四格表X2检验,相关性分析采用直线相关分析法.结果 化脑组患儿血清、脑脊液PCT水平明显高于对照组、病脑组,差异具有统计学意义(均P＜0.01),而病脑组PCT水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);化脑组患儿血清、脑脊液MMP-9水平明显高于对照组、病脑组,病脑组较对照组亦明显升高,差异均具有统计学意义(均P＜0.01);化脑组患儿血清、脑脊液PCT异常升高率明显高于病脑组,差异具有统计学意义(均P＜0.01),而血清、脑脊液MMP-9异常升高率两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);直线相关分析显示,化脑组PCT和MMP-9血清水平呈正相关(r=0.694,P＜0.01),脑脊液PCT和MMP-9水平也呈正相关(r=0.498,P＜0.01),而病脑组血清、脑脊液PCT含量基本正常,与MMP-9无相关性(均P＞0.05).结论 联合检测血清、脑脊液PCT、MMP-9水平对化脓性脑膜炎、病毒性脑炎的鉴别诊断具有一定的临床价值.     

Intérêt du Télos dans l'évaluation de la laxité chronique antérieure du genou en pré- et en postopératoire

The objective of our work is to clarify the contribution of knee arthrometer in the diagnosis of the anterior laxity of the knee, to look for the factors of escalation of this pathology, to estimate the objective results and outcomes following of the anterior cruciate ligament surgery. It is about a retrospective study which concerned 78 patients presenting the anterior chronic laxity of the knee, investigated, treated and followed in the M.-T.-Kassab Institute of Orthopaedics over a period of 10 years. The average age of our patients was of 27.6 years with a male ascendancy. The anterior cruciate ligament surgery was realized according to the technique of Kenneth-Jones under arthroscopy. The arthrometer has been used to determine the outcome 6 months after the surgery. Before the surgery, the average anterior translation of the tibia was 15.3 mm, 95% of the patients had 8 mm previous absolute laxity, while the differential was about 4 mm in 87% of the cases in which comparative study could be made. There was a statistically significant correlation between the Lachman's test, the internal meniscus injuries and the delay accident — surgery with the anterior knee laxity in the arthrometer. The postoperative average laxity was bout 8.2 mm and earning was proportional to the importance of the initial tibial translation. The present study demonstrates that arthrometer tests may be an objective complement for the clinical exam, with a diagnostic, previous and therapeutic purpose.     

Place du traitement médicamenteux et des infiltrations dans la prise en charge médicale des lésions de la coiffe des rotateurs

One of the main objectives of medical treatment of rotator cuff lesions is to attenuate or totally relieve pain and allow the patient to access the next phase of functional rehabilitation. Relative rest is desirable. Harmful sports movement should be avoided. Strict immobilization is never indicated. The question is raised as to whether wider use of analgesics would be warranted. The inflammatory nature of rotator cuff tendiopathies remains to be clearly demonstrated and the efficacy of analgesics in this indication would be related more to their intrinsic pain killer action. Analgesics should thus be prescribed prudently and limited to a few days, particularly because of the potential adverse effects. Theoretically, steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should not be used for tendonitis. Myorelaxing agents could be used in the event of associated muscle contracture. If the patient requires further relief, corticosteroid injections could be considered, taking care to avoid contraindications for intra-articular injections and avoiding any risk of contamination while keeping in mind the possible adverse effects.     

Instabilité antérieure récidivante de l'épaule chez le rugbyman. Résultats d'une série de 85 épaules opérées par la technique de Latarjet avec un recul moyen de sept ans

The stabilization of an unstable chronic shoulder is a difficult challenge in the contact sportsman especially the rugby player. We report our experience of the modified Latarjet procedure with a retrospective series of 85 shoulders (79 rugbymen at 75 months follow-up). It acted all young men with a prevalence of dominant shoulder, occupying all the stations (over-representation of the third lines). Eighty percent presented osseous lesions; the first luxation was traumatic during a tackle. We describe our technique and our postoperative protocol. Seven percent experienced recurrence of their instability after a new traumatism and 67% returned to rugby within 8 months by keeping for some of them a sport practice functional embarrassment (16 patients). Only two mechanical complications were observed, 93% of the patients were satisfied with their intervention.     

宫颈高度鳞状上皮内瘤变的“即诊即治”策略

目的探讨宫颈高度鳞状上皮内瘤变应用＂即诊即治＂策略的价值。方法选取宫颈细胞学检查为高度鳞状上皮内瘤变（HSIL）,并经阴道镜检查、镜下活检及宫颈电圈切除术（LEEP）治疗的患者76例,按阴道镜RCI评分分成高评分组、低评分组,对组织病理结果及过度治疗率进行回顾性分析。结果 RCI高评分组CINⅡ、Ⅲ及以上病变比例为97.4%,低评分组59.5%,高评分组过度治疗率2.6%,低评分组40.5%（P〈0.001）,不同RCI评分组的过度治疗率差异有统计学意义,高评分组过度治疗率显著低于低评分组。结论对于细胞学为HSIL,经阴道镜检查RCI高评分,提示高度病变的患者,采取＂即诊即治＂策略快速而有效地进行诊治,是较为适宜的;而细胞学检查HISL、RCI低评分者,仍以传统三阶梯方案进行筛查诊治为宜。     

Épicondylites : « les nouveautés en 2007 »

What news for 2007 concerning sportsmen lateral epicondylitis? Concerning biomechanics, we will evaluate the role of the supinatus at the same time we will talk about the complex characteristics of the functionnel unit. An anatomic work has showed in some cases, the involvment of ligment structure that could explain the atypical side of the pain and sometime the failure of the treatment. As for rehabilitation, we will insist on the importance of excentric work. The braces conserve a certain importance. We insist on new therapeutics and mostly on the interest of trinitrine patches. Botulinium toxic is still discussed and the recent study of Hayton does not show any significant difference with placebo injection. An original autologue blood injection in the epicondylitis tendon demonstrates good results and specially in the cases that resist to the corticoid therapeutics. We will talk about our experience. Considering corticoide injections a Crowther publication reveals a significant result compared to choc waves therapy. At last, we will criticize the Smidt study because we believe that the use of fluorite corticoid induce iatrogenic effects. We will conclude this article by our 2007 propositions about the local corticoid indication.     

Analysis of older adults visiting the emergency department with fever as a suspected Covid-19 vaccine-related adverse reaction: A retrospective multicenter study

IntroductionAfter COVID-19 vaccination was initiated, the number of patients visiting the emergency department (ED) with vaccine-related adverse reactions increased. We investigated the clinical features of older adults (aged 65 years and older) visiting the ED with self-reported COVID-19 postvaccination fever.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study at three EDs between March 2021 and September 2021. Patients who reported adverse reactions, fever (≥37.5 °C) and/or febrile sensation or rigors following COVID-19 vaccination were included. The demographic and clinical data of these patients were collected by reviewing their medical records.ResultsA total of 562 patients were selected, and 396 (70.5%) were female. The older adult group included 155 (27.6%) patients, and the median age was 75 (69–79 years). The older adults less frequently had a fever (≥37.5 °C) upon ED presentation (75.5% vs. 85.7%, respectively), used more emergency medical services (43.9% vs. 18.7%, respectively), and visited an ED more frequently during early hours (00:00–06:00) (31% vs. 20.1%, respectively) compared to the younger adults (p = 0.004, p < 0.001 and p = 0.036). Fewer older adults visited an ED within 2 days of fever onset (73.5% vs. 84%) (p = 0.012), and more older adults were admitted for medical conditions other than vaccine-related adverse reactions (32.9% vs. 4.2%) (p < 0.001). Older adults received more thorough testing (laboratory and imaging tests). Among the older adults, the admission rate was associated with age (p = 0.003).ConclusionOlder adults presenting with fever as an adverse reaction following COVID-19 vaccination less frequently had a fever upon visiting the ED, required more ED testing, and had higher admission rates for non-vaccination-related medical conditions.     

Spécificités de la pratique du rugby chez l'enfant

The knowledge of the specificity of the child compared to the adult and his reactions regarding the exercise will make it possible to answer parents questions as well as possible and to accompany the child and the teenager in their sporting practice. Five essential concepts govern the practice of Rugby in the child: 1) the child is not an adult in miniature. It is an organization in constant evolution towards its physical and psychic statute of adult. He has a free will depending on the others; 2) Rugby must remain for him a ludic space, where the motivation must be the first condition; 3) the child is a mosaic of growth cartilages. Traumatic pathology is preferentially a pathology of this structure in the acute traumatisms (epiphysium separation rather than distorsion, muscular apophyse avulsion rather than tear) and under the effect of chronic microtraumatisms (osteochondrosis rather than tendinitis); 4) overtraining will result in a disturbance of one of the factors of the general balance of the organization which it acts of a pain, of against performance, an abnormal tiredness, of a demotivation, a relational disorder (mood, affectivity), of lower school output of which it will be necessary to establish a relationship to the sporting practice; 5) the execution of a sporting gesture must always be modulated as of the appearance of a pain, true alarm.