臭氧消融术联合射频热凝术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的护理

目的探讨CT引导下行臭氧消融术联合射频热凝术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的护理要点。方法总结84例行臭氧消融术联合射频热凝术治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者的一般资料及围术期各项护理措施。结果加强患者的围术期护理,有效减少了手术并发症,疗效满意。结论熟练掌握椎间盘臭氧消融术及射频热凝术治疗有关知识,正确实施围术期各项护理措施,是减少手术并发症、有效提高手术成功率的关键。     

等离子低温射频消融术治疗腰间盘突出症30例的护理

目的观察等离子低温射频消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的近期疗效及其护理。方法对30例行等离子低温射频消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的患者进行有计划的术前准备与术后护理。结果本组经1次手术治疗后,下肢酸胀麻木等症状完全消失13例,大部分缓解14例,轻度缓解2例,无效1例,总有效率达90%以上,随访6~9个月。术后无明显并发症发生。结论等离子低温射频消融术是一种操作简便,安全、有效的椎间盘突出症微创治疗方法,是外科治疗和保守治疗的重要补充,而精湛的手术技术只有配合完美的围手术期护理,才是手术成功的关键。     

射频热凝与臭氧介入综合治疗颈椎间盘突出的护理体会

总结了经射频刺激热凝配合臭氧消融术介入治疗颈椎间盘突出症的护理措施与体会。主要包括在X线C臂定位下对颈椎间盘行经射频热凝电极22G×100×5套管针穿刺、经射频刺激热凝配合臭氧25μg/ml 10ml,消除突出的颈椎间盘对神经的压迫,对患者实施精心的围手术期护理、指导患者行颈椎肌肉锻炼。认为对患者做好术前准备、术中操作、术后护理及指导患者康复护理是不容忽视的。     

射频消融治疗颈椎间盘突出7例的术中护理

目的：探讨射频消融治疗颈椎间盘突发症的手术配合。方法：对7例射频气化颈椎间盘突出患者实施射频消融,术中细心观察、熟练配合。结果：全部患者能顺利完成手术,术中患者情绪为稳定,术后症状有不同程度改善,无并发症。结论：射频消融治疗颈椎间盘突出症的手术效果良好,术前心理护理解除患者的紧张情绪,术中观察、护士的熟练配合是取得手术成功的关键。     

射频热凝靶点消融术治疗颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效评价

目的:探讨射频热凝靶点消融术在临床治疗颈椎间盘突出症中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2013年8月~2014年7月我院收治的30例颈椎间盘突出症患者的临床资料,对其实施射频热凝靶点消融术治疗。对比患者手术前后VAS评分、术后随访临床治疗效果。结果:本组患者术后1 d、术后1周、术后1月及术后3月VAS评分均显著小于术前(P<0.05~0.01);术后治疗效果优良率水平均在80.00%以上。结论:颈椎间盘突出症患者采用射频热凝靶点消融术进行治疗,术后患者预后状况较佳,疗效较为理想。     

射频热凝消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的护理

目的:总结腰椎间盘突出症射频热凝消融术围手术期的护理方法。方法:回顾性分析50例腰椎间盘突出症患者行射频热凝消融术治疗的临床资料,总结其术前、术中和术后有效的护理方法。结果:经过术前充分的准备、术中默契的医护配合以及术后积极防治并发症等整体护理,50例患者中治愈41例,好转8例,无效1例,总有效率为98.00%,无严重并发症发生。结论:射频热凝消融术是一种腰椎间盘突出症的微创治疗手段,具有安全性高、恢复快、费用低的优点。围手术期整体护理有利于提高临床疗效,促进患者全面康复。     

颈椎间盘突出症超氧刀治疗的围术期护理

总结了本院35例颈椎间盘突出症患者行超氧刀微创治疗的围术期护理,包括术前予心理护理及做好相关术前准备、术中协助取合适卧位并熟练配合手术,术后取正确体位,并做好病情观察、用药护理、饮食护理及出院指导等.认为颈椎间盘突出症超氧刀治疗完善的围术期护理是保证手术顺利进行,促进患者早日康复的关键.     

两种介入方法治疗椎间盘突出症的效果比较

目的：比较经皮穿刺椎间盘切割（切割术）与等离子射频髓核消融（消融术）治疗椎间盘突出症的效果。方法：颈、腰椎间盘突出症患者285例，其中采用经皮穿刺椎间盘切割术治疗（A组）205例，等离子射频髓核消融术治疗（B组）80例。结果：椎间盘1次穿刺成功率A组80％，B组100％；平均手术时间A组20min，B组3．5min；有效率A组83．4Z，B组88．8％。结论：髓核切割术和消融术治盯椎间盘突出症均有较好疗效，消融术的1次成功率和手术时间均优于切割术。     

CT导引下臭氧联合胶原酶注射治疗颈椎间盘突出症67例围术期护理

目的:探讨CT导引下臭氧联合胶原酶注射治疗颈椎间盘突出症患者的围术期护理方法。方法:对67例颈椎间盘突出症患者行臭氧联合胶原酶注射治疗,并做好心理护理、术前准备、术中配合、术后观察及指导。结果:本组患者治疗效果优者占57.9%,良者占37.3%,症状改善者占3.0%。结论:精心围术期护理可提高颈椎间盘突出症患者的临床疗效。     

腰椎间盘突出症围手术期康复护理

目的：探讨椎间盘突出症围手术期护理要点和康复指导。方法：48例腰椎间盘突出症患者应用后路椎间盘镜手术治疗，并配合围手术期的康复护理。结果：术后平均随访6个月，按Nakai评分，优良率95.8%。结论：椎间盘突出症手术前后配合有效的康复护理指导，对促进术后康复有显著作用。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.