单导管射频消融治疗右室流出道室性期前收缩

目的:观察单导管射频消融治疗右室流出道室性期前收缩（室性早搏,室早）的安全性和临床效果。方法: 经常规体检、生化检查、X线胸片、心脏彩超、长程心电图等各种检查后,入选65例患者,采用温控消融导管以起搏为主的方法进行标测,并对单导管射频消融的安全性和临床效果进行总结。结果: 消融即刻成功率97%(63/65),其中2例放弃消融术;随访15～40个月,有3例复发并再次手术,成功2例,总成功率为95%（62/65）,无复发。电生理检测和消融时间:(50±27) min;曝光时间:(8.1±3.8) min,所有患者术中及术后均未发生消融相关并发症。结论: 单导管射频消融治疗右室流出道室早安全有效,并能减少消融操作及X线暴露时间。     

射频消融治疗右室流出道室性早搏的研究

目的 探讨射频消融治疗右室流出道室性早搏(RVOT-VPC)的临床效果和安全性.方法 经常规体检、生化检查、X线胸片、心脏彩超、心电图等各种检查后入院.右室流出道室性早搏患者48例,采用起搏标测法,以心室起搏时12导联心电图与其临床室性早搏的图形完全一致作为消融靶点,以放电后:①早搏在10s内消失;②出现同形早搏先增多...     

右室流出道室性期前收缩的心电图特征及射频消融治疗

目的:探讨右室流出道室性期前收缩(室性早搏,室早)的心电图特征和评价单导管法消融单形性右室流出道室性早搏的有效性、安全性和实用性。方法:对52例心脏结构正常的右室流出道单形性室早的心电图特征进行分析并行单导管射频消融。采用起搏标测法,以起搏时与自发室性早搏形态波形态完全相同点为消融靶点。结果:右室流出道的室性早搏体表12导联心电图特征,呈完全性左束支阻滞形态,Ⅰ导联呈rs、m、QS及R型,aVR、aVL均呈QS型,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF、V5~6导联均呈单向R波型,胸前导联R波移行区常在V3、V4导联之后。成功消融结果显示26例室早起源右室流出道间隔部:其中前间隔7例、中间隔5例、后间隔14例,游离壁21例:其中前游离壁6例、后游离壁15例,希氏束附近1例,肺动脉瓣下1例。消融即刻成功率94%(49/52),未成功的3例。手术操作时间30~150 min,X线曝光时间5~29 min。术后随访2~48个月无复发。结论:起源于右室流出道的室性早搏有其独特的心电图表现,单导管射频消融可有效、安全地消融心脏结构正常的右室流出道单形性室性早搏。     

右心室流出道室性早搏射频消融治疗的有效性和安全性评价

目的评价应用Carto系统射频消融治疗右心室流出道起源性室性早搏（室早）有效性和安全性。方法选择2005年5月至2007年12月临床治疗的47例室早患者,其中男性21例,女性26例,平均年龄（34．5±19．2）岁,病程3～38个月。射频所用能量为40W,时间为120～240s,温度设定为60℃。分别在消融术前和术后1、3和12个月进行动态心电图检查。结果47例中成功45例,有效率为95．8％。2例1年后复发新的早搏,未发现任何并发症。结论应用Carto系统对右心室流出道起源性室早经射频消融治疗是有效和安全的。     

Carto系统与常规方法指导消融频发右室流出道室性早搏的比较

目的通过对应用Carto电解剖标测系统(Carto系统)与常规方法指导射频消融治疗频发右室流出道室性早搏(RVOT-PVCs)的比较,评价其临床应用。方法 68例频发RVOT-PVCs患者,其中Carto组36例,运用Carto系统重建右室流出道三维电解剖图后行电解剖标测靶点并予冷盐水灌注电极进行消融;另32例在X线下常规标测和消融,为常规组。比较两组的手术时间、靶点标测时间、X线曝光时间、总放电次数及有效放电率、消融成功率、并发症和随访复发结果。结果手术时间、即时成功率两组无差别(P0.05)。与常规组相比,Carto组靶点标测时间明显缩短(50.8±10.2minvs71.9±20.9min),X线曝光时间缩短(15.5±3.8minvs27.0±7.1min),总放电次数减少(5.8±1.2次vs9.4±1.8次),有效放电率增高(48.1%±12.2%vs31.5%±7.9%),复发率降低(2.8%vs9.4%),P均0.05。两组均无并发症。结论两种标测方法消融频发RVOT-PVCs均有效,安全。但Carto系统对复杂的多源多形早搏有明显的优势。     

Variation of QRS morphology of premature ventricular contractions originate from the left‐ventricular outflow tract during ablation

Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias originating from the aortic sinus of Valsalva often show preferential conduction to the right‐ventricular outflow tract, which may render radiofrequency ablation more difficult. We describe a patient with symptomatic premature ventricular contractions of left‐ventricular outflow tract origin presenting with a variation of QRS morphology during ablation. The correlation between the characteristics of local voltage potentials and the real origin site of the ventricular arrhythmia is discussed.     

右室流出道室性早搏患者的窦性心率震荡变化

目的观察右室流出道室性早搏患者窦性心率震荡（HRT）的变化并探讨其临床意义。方法52例右室流出道室性早搏患者按室早数目分为两组：A组（室早≥1000／24h）和B组（室早〈1000/24h），比较两组间的HRT参数震荡初始（TO）和震荡斜率（TS）。结果右室流出道室性早搏患者HRT异常的发生率为23．08％，且A组患者中异常HRT的发生率明显高于B组；与B组相比，A组患者的TO值明显增大，幅值降低（p均〈0．05）；HRT与室早数目呈明显正相关（p〈0．01），TS与室早数目呈明显负相关（p〈0．01）。结论频发右室流出道室性早搏（室早≥1000／24h）患者的窦性心率震荡现象减弱，且HRT与室性早搏数目明显相关。HRT是一种较好的检测心脏自主神经功能的新技术。     

主动脉窦部室性早搏与右心室流出道间隔部室性早搏心电图对比分析

目的：探讨主动脉窦部室性早搏（简称“室早”）和右心室流出道间隔部室早心电图特征的差别。方法选取12例右心室流出道间隔部室早（ A组）心电图作为对照,分析12例主动脉窦部室早（ B组）的心电图特征。结果与A组相比,B组V1、V2导联的R波时间指数增大[V1导联：（0．23±0．10） vs．（0．49±0．28）;V2导联：（0．24±0．12） vs．（0．57±0．23）;P均＜0．05]。 V1、V2导联的R／S波幅指数A组小于B组[ V1导联：（0．10±0．02） vs．（0．87±0．55）;V2导联：（0．21±0．14） vs．（1．13±1．49）,P均＜0．05]。 A组胸前导联R波移行在V3导联或其后,B组胸前导联R波移行在V1或V2导联。 A组V1、V2导联的R波移行指数小于B组[V1导联：（0．25±0．15） vs．（1．30±0．68）; V2导联：（0．31±0．20） vs．（1．71±1．14）, P均＜0．05]。结论主动脉窦部室早与右心室流出道间隔部室早在V1、V2导联R波时间指数、R／S波幅指数、胸前导联R波移行位置及移行指数上有明显的差别。     

Magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with Brugada syndrome

INTRODUCTION: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is a powerful diagnostic tool for evaluating cardiac structure and function. Recently, right ventricular wall-motion abnormalities were described using electron beam tomography in patients with Brugada syndrome. In the present study, we prospectively evaluated CMR findings in patients with Brugada syndrome compared to matched controls. METHODS AND RESULTS: CMR was performed on 20 consecutive patients with proven Brugada syndrome. The imaging protocol included breath-hold dark blood prepared T1-weighted multislice turbo spin-echo and gradient-echo images. Ventricular volumes and dimensions were compared to age- and sex-matched normal volunteers. The right ventricular outflow tract area was significantly enlarged in patients with Brugada syndrome compared to controls (11 vs 9 cm2, P = 0.018). There was a trend to larger right ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes and lower right ventricular ejection fraction in patients with Brugada syndrome compared to controls. However, none of the differences reached significance (P = 0.3, P = 0.08, and P = 0.06, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in the left ventricular parameters between patients and controls. High intramyocardial T1 signal similar to fat signal was observed in 4 (20%) of the 20 patients compared to none of the controls. CONCLUSION: The findings support the view that subtle structural changes, such as right ventricular outflow tract dilation may point to a localized arrhythmogenic substrate in patients with Brugada syndrome.     

Cryocatheter ablation of right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia

INTRODUCTION: Cryocatheter techniques have been successfully applied to treat supraventricular tachycardia but there are no reports on their value in treating ventricular tachycardia (VT). We present our initial experience with cryocatheter ablation of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) tachycardia. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cryocatheter ablation was attempted in 14 patients (13 females, age 45.9 +/- 12.7 years) who were highly symptomatic due to frequent monomorphic ventricular extrasystole (VES) or nonsustained VT originating within the RVOT. A 9-Fr, 8-mm-tip cryocatheter was used for both mapping and ablation. Cryoablation was started after localizing the arrhythmic focus by pace and activation mapping. Ablation success, defined by complete disappearance of target VES/VT acutely and during a follow-up of 9.3 +/- 1.4 weeks, was achieved in 13 of 14 patients. Ablation was successful with local activation times of 35 +/- 4 ms, 5.8 +/- 3.3 applications, 18.8 +/- 7.5 minutes total cryo time, 9.4 +/- 4.2 minutes fluoroscopy time, and 66.9 +/- 26.1 minutes total procedure time, the latter two measures showing a reduction with number of patients treated. Three patients reported slight pain related to local pressure of the catheter on the RVOT wall. No pain was described related to delivery of cryothermal energy. CONCLUSIONS: Initial experience shows that focal VES/VT originating in the RVOT can be successfully treated using cryocatheter ablation. Acute and short term success rates, fluoroscopy times, and duration of procedure are comparable to conventional ablation techniques. A major advantage seems to be the virtual absence of ablation related pain.     

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia presenting as right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia.

A case of a 51-year old male is presented. A left bundle branch block inferior axis tachycardia was manifest. At electrophysiological study this tachycardia was inducible and was ablated in the septal right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). Two other tachycardias were identified both with right bundle branch block (RBBB) morphology raising the suspicion of diffuse pathology. Arrythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) was confirmed by right ventricular angiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) was implanted and an appropriate shock was later delivered.     

Electrocardiographic features of failed and recurrent right ventricular outflow tract catheter ablation of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias

1 Introduction

Various ECG algorithms have been proposed to identify the origin of idiopathic outflow tract (OT)‐ventricular arrhythmia (VA). However, electrocardiographic features of failed and recurrent right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) ablation of idiopathic OT‐VAs have not been clearly elucidated.

2 Methods and results

A total of 264 consecutive patients (mean age: 44.0 ± 13.0 years, 96 male) undergoing RVOT ablation for OT‐VAs with a transition ≥V₃, including 241 patients (91.6%) with initially successful procedures and 23 patients (8.4%) with failed ablation. Detailed clinical characteristics and ECG features were analyzed and compared between the two groups. VAs with failed RVOT ablation had larger peak deflection index (PDI), longer V₂ R wave duration (V₂Rd), smaller V₂ S wave amplitude, higher R/S ratio in V₂, higher V₃ R wave amplitude, and larger V₂ transition ratio than those with successful ablation. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that PDI, V₂Rd, V₂ transition ratio, and pacemapping score acquired during mapping independently predicted failed ablation (P  =  0.01, P  =  0.01, P  =  0.01, and P < 0.001, respectively). In 31 recurrent cases (12.8%) after initially successful ablation, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that only the earliest activation time acquired during mapping predicted the recurrences after successful ablation (P  =  0.001). The recurrent cases displayed different ECG features comparing with those with failed ablation.

3 Conclusion

The electrocardiographic features of failed RVOT ablation of idiopathic OT‐VAs with a transition ≥V₃ were characterized by PDI, V₂Rd, V₂ transition ratio, and pacemapping score acquired during mapping, unlike the recurrent RVOT ablation.     

Multimodality imaging of tumefactive lipomatous hypertrophy of the right ventricle extending to the right ventricular outflow tract

Lipomatous hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a rare entity that is usually asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally in an otherwise healthy individual. Accurate diagnosis and assessment of possible hemodynamic consequences of this pathology is, however, necessary to secure an appropriate treatment. Multimodality imaging with echocardiography, CT, and cardiac MR can provide useful functional and anatomic information that can help to reach this goal.     

评价致心律失常性右室心肌病右室功能超声指标与磁共振的相关性

目的用目前公认的5个超声指标评价致心律失常性右室心肌病（ARVC）患者的右室功能,研究其与磁共振（MRI）结果的相关性。方法对11例ARVC患者行超声及MRI检查,测量右室功能指标并行相关分析。本研究除了运用传统的心尖四腔心法测量右室面积改变分数（RVFAC 4C）外,增加了胸骨旁右室三腔心切面法测量右室面积改变分数（RVFAC RV 3C）。结果 5个指标中胸骨旁短轴RVFAC RV 3C、三尖瓣环收缩峰值速度、三尖瓣环收缩位移与MRI结果相关,r值分别为0.72、0.65、0.67。结论胸骨旁短轴RVFAC RV3C是评价ARVC患者右室功能的重要指标并且其与MRI测量的结果具有高度的相关性。