PPARγ在不同周龄apoE-/-小鼠主动脉斑块表达及与斑块成份的相互关系

目的:研究PPARγ基因表达与ApoE-/-小鼠主动脉斑块成份的相互关系。方法:以20和40周龄ApoE-/-小鼠(n=10/组)为研究对象,相同基因背景和周龄C57BL/6 J小鼠设为对照。采用RT-PCR和免疫印迹技术检测各组小鼠主动脉PPARγ基因和蛋白表达变化;Movat 5色套染法和油红O染色检测ApoE-/-小鼠主动脉斑块成份;免疫组织化学技术检测斑块内PPARγ、SM-actin、MOMA-2抗原表达。结合免疫荧光技术分析PPARγ基因在主动脉斑块巨噬细胞、平滑肌细胞的表达及与脂质、弹性纤维、胶原和蛋白聚糖的相互关系。结果:20和40周龄C57BL/6 J小鼠主动脉壁有少量PPARγ表达,以20周龄组明显。ApoE-/-小鼠主动脉壁和斑块内PPARγ表达增多,以斑块内表达明显(P<0.05);与20周龄组比较,40周龄组表达最显著;且斑块脂质含量丰富;弹性纤维、胶原和蛋白聚糖含量减少,血管正性重塑明显;MOMA-2表达增加,SM-actin表达降低(P<0.05)。PPARγ在斑块内巨噬细胞、血管中膜平滑肌细胞和斑块内平滑肌细胞都有表达,但以脂质含量丰富处PPARγ表达最明显。结论:PPARγ在C57BL/6 J小鼠动脉壁表达随增龄而减少;在ApoE-/-小鼠主动脉壁和斑块内PPARγ表达随AS病变进程而增加。推测ApoE-/-小鼠主动脉斑块PPARγ表达上调可能是机体一种代偿行为和自我保护机制。     

硫化氢在ob/ob小鼠皮肤创面愈合中的作用与调控机制

目的:观察硫化氢(H2S)对ob/ob小鼠皮肤创面愈合的影响并探讨其作用机制。方法:将ob/ob小鼠随机分为生理盐水组、胰岛素组和NaHS(H2S供体)组,C57BL/6小鼠作为对照组,构建小鼠背部皮肤创面模型。干预后检测各组H2S释放量;用Western blot检测胱硫醚γ-裂解酶(CSE)及基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)蛋白的表达差异;用RT-qPCR检测CSE的mRNA表达变化;使用免疫组织化学法检测中性粒细胞及单核/巨噬细胞的浸润数量;使用ELISA检测肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和白细胞介素(IL)-6的水平;用Masson染色检测胶原沉积情况。结果:ob/ob小鼠皮肤创面肉芽组织中H2S释放及CSE蛋白、mRNA的表达水平以及胶原沉积显著低于C57BL/6小鼠(P0.05)。外源性H2S可加速ob/ob小鼠皮肤创面愈合(P0.05),增加胶原沉积。ob/ob小鼠创面中性粒细胞及单核/巨噬细胞浸润数量,TNF-α、IL-6的水平及MMP-9蛋白表达水平显著增加(P0.05),NaHS组显著降低。结论:H2S可显著改善糖尿病难愈性溃疡的愈合,作用机制可能与其抗炎作用有关。     

FIZZ1在ApoE基因敲除小鼠动脉粥样硬化斑块内的表达

目的:探讨FIZZ1在ApoE基因敲除小鼠粥样斑块内的表达。方法:C57BL/6JApoE基因敲除鼠及C57BL/6J野生型小鼠各9只,分别喂食高脂饲料及普通饲料,24周后处死,自主动脉根部至腹主动脉离断整支血管,石蜡包埋后作连续切片,行HE染色及FIZZ1免疫组化,检测血管斑块内FIZZ1表达情况,RT-PCR检测斑块内FIZZ1mRNA表达。结果:ApoE基因敲除鼠高脂饲养24周后,主动脉根部动脉粥样硬化明显,斑块体积较大,免疫组化及其RT-PCR可见FIZZ1及其mRNA在粥样硬化斑块内明显表达,同龄野生型C57BL/6J鼠血管壁内未见FIZZ1及其mRNA表达。结论:FIZZ1能在动脉粥样硬化斑块内表达。     

硫化氢对老年小鼠主动脉内皮衰老的影响北大核心CSCD

目的:探讨外源性硫化氢对老年小鼠主动脉内皮衰老的影响及可能机制。方法:8只3月龄雌性C57BL/6小鼠为对照组,16只22月龄雌性老年小鼠随机分为模型组和实验组,分别腹腔注射NaHS或生理盐水处理6周,检测相应指标,验证硫化氢对老年小鼠炎症、氧化应激及主动脉内皮衰老的作用。结果:与对照组相比,模型组小鼠体内细胞黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)和丙二醛(MDA)表达显著增加,超氧化物歧化酶1(SOD1)、内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)和一氧化氮(NO)表达明显减少,衰老相关标志物纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)表达和衰老相关β-半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-Gal)染色比例明显升高。给予NaHS处理后,前述指标均得到一定程度逆转。结论:硫化氢可能通过抑制老年小鼠体内炎症反应和氧化应激改善主动脉内皮衰老。     

过表达SIRT1对动脉粥样硬化小鼠炎症反应的治疗效果

目的探讨SIRT1过表达对动脉粥样硬化小鼠炎症反应的治疗效果及其作用机制。方法 42只ApoE-/-小鼠随机分为模型组和SIRT1 OE组,以14只相同遗传背景C57BL/6J野生型小鼠作为空白对照组,制备SIRT1过表达慢病毒细胞系及动脉粥样硬化小鼠模型,采用Western blot检测SIRT1过表达对NF-κB p65乙酰化水平的而影响;采用双荧光素酶报告基因分析SIRT1过表达对荧光素酶活性的影响;采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测小鼠总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、血管内皮黏附因子(VCAM-1)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)血清含量;采用HE染色观察小鼠主动脉血管的病理变化。结果与SIRT1 NC组细胞相比,SIRT1 OE组细胞SIRT1基因表达水平显著上升,NF-κB p65乙酰化水平明显下降,荧光素酶活性明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与模型组小鼠相比,SIRT1 OE组小鼠TC、TG、LDL-C血脂含量,IL-6、TNF-1α、MCP-1及VCAM-1等炎性因子血清浓度均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。病理结果显示模型组小鼠组主动脉血管内膜增厚,可见泡沫样细胞及胆固醇结晶形成的粥样斑块病灶;SIRT1 OE小鼠主动脉血管泡沫化程度明显缓解,动脉粥样硬化程度得到抑制(P0.05)。结论 SIRT1可通过抑制NF-κB p65乙酰化水平降低NF-κB活性,从而减轻小鼠动脉粥样硬化炎症反应。     

L-4F改善狼疮样小鼠肾脏病变

 目的:探讨载脂蛋白A-I类似肽（L-4F）对apoE-/-Fas-/-C57BL/6 狼疮样小鼠自发性狼疮肾病变的影响。方法:选用8～9周龄的雌性小鼠,腹腔注射L-4F,治疗25周。观察肾脏病理改变,测定自身抗体相关细胞因子、脂联素及尿蛋白水平。结果:与apoE-/-Fas-/-C57BL/6小鼠相比,L-4F治疗使apoE-/-Fas-/- C57BL/6小鼠的淋巴结和肾小球的大小均显著减小(P<0.05),并降低血清抗双链DNA 抗体、抗氧化磷脂类抗体、IL-6和TNF-α的循环水平,同时提高小鼠血清脂联素水平 (P<0.05)。结论: L-4F能显著改善狼疮样小鼠的肾脏病变,对治疗狼疮肾具有一定的临床应用价值。     

硫化氢缓解自发性高血压大鼠主动脉重构中胶原堆积

目的以自发性高血压(SHR)大鼠为对象,研究硫化氢(H2S)对血管中胶原堆积的影响。方法SHR大鼠17只,随机分为SHR组(n=6),SHR H2S(n=6)组和SHR PPG组(n=5)。WKY大鼠5只为对照组(n=5)。SHR H2S组每日腹腔注射0.25 mL H2S供体NaHS(56μmol/kg),SHR PPG组每日腹腔注射0.25 mL PPG(37.5 mg/Kg),连续用药5周。WKY对照组及SHR组注射等量注射用水。连续混合喂养5周后测定动脉血压;以胸主动脉组织为对象,用酶促反应法测定CSE活性;用高温裂解法测定羟脯氨酸含量。用酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定Ⅰ型胶原含量。用免疫组化法检测转化生长因子β3(TGF-β3)表达。结果与WKY对照组相比,SHR组大鼠血压升高52%(P<0.01);CSE酶活性降低55%(P<0.01);羟脯氨酸含量增加87%(P<0.01);Ⅰ型胶原含量增加28%;TGF-β3表达增加10%(P<0.05)。给予H2S后缓解了上述指标的变化。结论给SHR大鼠补充外源性H2S能够降低动脉血压,而且使主动脉组织中羟脯氨酸和Ⅰ型胶原含量减少,从而改善SHR大鼠血管中胶原的堆积。     

青心酮防治动脉粥样硬化与内脂素的关系

目的:观察青心酮对ApoE(-/-)小鼠主动脉粥样硬化病变的影响与内脂素的关系。方法:取8只8周龄C57BL/6小鼠为正常对照组;取24只8周龄雄性ApoE(-/-)小鼠,随机分成3组:动脉硬化组(n=8,im,等量生理盐水);青心酮治疗组(n=8,im,10mg·kg-1·d-1);辛伐他汀治疗组(n=8,im,10mg·kg-1·d-1)。所有实验小鼠均饲以"西方类型膳食"饲料至12周。取血检测内脂素、血脂;剪取主动脉根部行冰冻切片,油红O染色观察主动脉粥样硬化病变情况;剪取主动脉根部斑块组织,观察斑块中内脂素的分布情况;行电镜切片,观察青心酮对斑块中平滑肌细胞、内皮细胞的结构影响。结果:青心酮治疗组血清内脂素减少,血脂降低,主动脉粥样硬化病灶形成减少,平滑肌细胞、内皮细胞损伤减轻,斑块中内脂素含量减少。结论:青心酮能减少ApoE(-/-)小鼠主动脉粥样斑块的形成,可能通过抑制内脂素生成而降低血脂发挥其作用。     

西格列汀联合依折麦布抗apoE-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化的作用及机制

目的:观察西格列汀联合依折麦布对高脂饮食诱导的apoE-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化形成的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制.方法:50只6周雄性apoE-/-小鼠随机分为5组:对照组、高脂喂养组、西格列汀组、依折麦布组和联合治疗组.采用生化检测仪检测小鼠血糖和血脂水平;油红O染色法观察小鼠主动脉斑块沉积情况;免疫酶联反应测定炎症因子血管细胞黏附分子-1(vascular cell adhesion molecule-1,VCAM-1)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-l,MCP-1)和TNF-α含量水平;Western印迹检测主动脉NF-1cB p65蛋白表达水平.结果:与单用西格列汀或依折麦布相比,两种药物联用可更显著抑制高脂喂养所诱导的小鼠总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterin,LDL-C)水平的升高(P＜0.05),增加高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)的含量(P＜0.05).同时,西格列汀联用依折麦布进一步减少小鼠主动脉斑块的沉积,降低VCAM-1,MCP-1,TNF-α含量和NF-1cB p65蛋白表达水平的增加(P＜0.05).结论:西格列汀联合依折麦布能进一步调节血脂代谢,抑制炎症因子表达和NF-κB信号激活,减少血管脂质沉积,从而更好地起到延缓动脉粥样硬化的作用.     

阿托伐他汀通过RXRα介导的抗氧化应激效应抑制高脂喂养糖尿病ApoE~(-/-)小鼠动脉粥样硬化的形成

目的:观察阿托伐他汀(Atorv)对链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的糖尿病高脂喂养载脂蛋白E敲除(apolipoprotein E knockout,ApoE-/-)小鼠动脉粥样硬化的影响,探讨阿托伐他汀在糖尿病合并高脂饮食条件下对抗动脉粥样硬化的机制。方法:C57小鼠8只作为对照,34只高脂喂养的ApoE-/-小鼠随机分为3组:ApoE-/-组、STZ-ApoE-/-组和STZ-ApoE-/-+Atorv组。STZ腹腔注射建立糖尿病动物模型,测定小鼠空腹血糖、血脂水平,HE染色图像分析测定胸主动脉斑块面积;免疫杂交检测主动脉及细胞内NADPH氧化酶亚基gp91phox蛋白水平;Fenton反应Griess显色法测定血清及胸主动脉匀浆上清液活性氧(ROS)水平。I型胶原酶消化法培养人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs),流式细胞术检测内皮细胞内ROS的水平,光泽精分析法测定NADPH氧化酶活性。采用干扰RNA和质粒转染的方法评价类视黄醇X受体α(RXRα)在Atorv抑制氧化应激中的作用。结果:(1)与C57组相比,ApoE-/-组小鼠胸主动脉斑块面积显著增加[(215.88±34.19)μm2vs 0μm2,P0.01],2组间空腹血糖水平无显著差异,血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血清及胸主动脉ROS、胸主动脉gp91phox表达水平显著缩小(P0.05);(2)与ApoE-/-组相比,STZ-ApoE-/-组胸主动脉斑块面积进一步增加[(314.13±35.72)μm2vs(215.88±34.19)μm2,P0.05],血糖水平升高,血清TC、LDL-C、血清及胸主动脉ROS、胸主动脉gp91phox水平进一步增加(P0.05);(3)与STZ-ApoE-/-组相比,STZ-ApoE-/-+Atorv组胸主动脉粥样斑块面积显著降低[(217.47±24.56)μm2vs(314.13±35.72)μm2,P0.05],血糖、血清TG、HDL、TC、和LDL-C无显著变化,血清及胸主动脉ROS、胸主动脉gp91phox水平亦显著降低(P0.05);(4)高糖(25 mmol/L)干预后,HUVECs内ROS含量、gp91phox蛋白水平及NADPH氧化酶活性明显增加(P0.05),阿托伐他汀(10-8~10-6mol/L)显著降低高糖环境下HUVECs胞内ROS含量、gp91phox表达及NADPH氧化酶活性,且具有浓度依赖性;(5)将RXRαsiRNA转染至HUVECs之后,阿托伐他汀(10-6mol/L)对高糖环境下ROS生成及NADPH氧化酶活性的抑制效应显著减弱,RXRα质粒转染使RXRα过表达后,阿托伐他汀(10-6mol/L)抑制ROS生成及NADPH氧化酶活性的作用明显增强(P0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀通过抑制高糖环境下机体的氧化应激反应对抗动脉粥样硬化;核受体RXRα介导阿托伐他汀的抗氧化应激效应。     

雷公藤甲素抗肿瘤血管新生的研究进展（英文）

雷公藤甲素(triptolide,TPL)是从中草药雷公藤中提取的一种有效活性物质,已被用来治疗多种疾病,包括系统性红斑狼疮,类风湿性关节炎,肾病综合征等,TPL甚至有很强的抑制肿瘤的活性。近些年的研究显示,TPL具有抗血管新生的能力,TPL不仅可以抑制肿瘤的增殖,诱导细胞的凋亡,还可以抑制肿瘤的转移,可以增加其它化疗药物的抗肿瘤活性。本综述将讨论TPL在抗肿瘤血管新生方面的研究进展,以及初步探讨其潜在的作用机制。     

Changes in activity of neutral proteases in tissues of ground squirrels in the dynamics of hibernation

Total activities of neutral proteases in the cerebral, hepatic, and myocardial tissues of ground squirrel vary during hibernation: in autumn (before hibernation) activities of the enzymes in the brain and myocardium start increasing, while in the liver they do not change. A common feature for all tissues is minimum activity of active neutral proteases in the middle of hibernation month 1 bout, while the maximum activity is recorded before awakening. Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 146, No. 9, pp. 278–280, September, 2008     

Kinetics of decline of maternal measles virus-neutralizing antibodies in sera of infants in France in 2006

The optimal age for measles vaccination is an important health issue, since maternal antibodies may neutralize the vaccine antigen before a specific immune response develops, while delaying vaccination may increase the risk of complicated diseases in infants. However, measles vaccination impacts the duration of protection afforded by transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies: vaccination-induced maternal antibodies disappear faster than disease-induced antibodies. In order to maintain protection against measles in infants, it is important to monitor the dynamics of this phenomenon in vaccinated populations. To assess the current situation in France, a multicenter, prospective seroepidemiological study was conducted in seven French hospitals between October 2005 and January 2007. Maternal measles antibody concentrations from 348 infants 0 to 15 months old were measured using the plaque reduction neutralization assay. Geometric mean concentrations and the percentage of infants with maternal measles antibody concentrations above the protection threshold (≥120 mIU/ml) were assessed according to age. Results show that after more than 20 years of routine measles vaccination in France, maternal measles-neutralizing antibodies decrease dramatically in French infants by 6 months of age, from 1,740 mIU/ml for infants 0 to 1 month old to 223 mIU/ml for infants 5 to 6 months old, and that 90% of infants are not protected against measles after 6 months of age. Infant protection against measles could be optimized both by increasing herd immunity through an increased vaccine coverage and by lowering the age of routine vaccination from 12 to 9 months.     

Effect of vitamin C in reducing the toxicity of endosulfan in liver in rabbits

In this study, the effect of endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, and the ameliorating effect of vitamin C on the livers of New Zealand white rabbits were studied. Livers of the rabbits were examined grossly and histopathologically, and caspase-3 activity was detected by immunohistochemical methods. A total of twenty-four rabbits were divided into four groups (n=6). Rabbits in Group I (END) were daily given a sublethal dose of endosulfan (1 mg/kg bw) in corn oil by oral gavage for 6 weeks. Group II (END+C) received the same dose of endosulfan and additionally Vit C (20 mg/kg bw) every other day during this period. Group III (OIL+C) received corn oil daily by oral gavage and vitamin C every other day for 6 weeks. Group IV (OIL), the control group, received only corn oil daily, by oral gavage throughout the experiment. The concentration of α-endosulfan in the END group was higher in livers (0.102±0.012 ppb) than the β-endosulfan (0.072±0.001 ppb). Decreased accumulation of α and β endosulfan was observed in the END+C group (0.025±0.003 and 0.016±0.002 ppb, respectively) (p<0.0001). The most prominent gross findings at the necropsy were seen in the END group, in which swollen and pale livers were commonly observed. Hemorrhages, degenerations, necrosis, and in some rabbits bile duct hyperplasia were the marked histopathological findings of the END group. Caspase-3 positive reaction was more severe in this group than in the others. An ameliorating effect of Vit C on gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings was observed in the END+C group. The results revealed that endosulfan is highly toxic for rabbit livers. However, toxicity was decreased by Vit C treatment, which reduced the accumulation of endosulfan in livers four-fold.