改良肘后入路Y形钢板治疗肱骨髁部骨折

目的:探讨改良肘后正中纵行入路Y形钢板内固定治疗肱骨髁部粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法:23例肱骨髁部骨折(按AO/ASIF分类法:A3型10例,C1型6例,C2型4例,C3型3例),采用改良肘后正中纵行入路Y形钢板内固定,术后配合肘关节功能锻炼,早期应用非甾体类药物。结果:术后平均随访15个月,按Cassebaum标准进行肘关节功能评定:优17例,良4例,可2例,优良率91.3%。无血管神经损伤、内固定失败、骨化性肌炎、骨折畸形愈合、骨不连等发生。结论:改良肘后正中纵行入路Y形钢板内固定具有暴露安全充分、内固定可靠、术后并发症少的优点,可作为治疗肱骨髁部粉碎性骨折的首选。     

结构植骨双侧钢板内固定治疗髁间缺损的肱骨远端骨折

[目的]探讨结构植骨双侧钢板内固定治疗髁间缺损肱骨远端骨折的疗效。[方法]2008年1月~2013年10月收治成人肱骨髁间严重粉碎并缺损的肱骨远端骨折19例,按AO/ASIF分型属C3型,髁间粉碎,无法复位重建。手术采用经肘后正中入路,尺骨鹰嘴截骨,骨折复位,自体髂骨结构植骨重建肱骨远端髁间缺损后,采用双钢板内固定。[结果]术后肱骨远端形态恢复,力线及宽度恢复正常,骨愈合时间3.3~6.2个月。Mayo肘关节评价优(90分)5例,良(75~89分)11例,中(60~75)3例。[结论]结构植骨双钢板内固定治疗髁间缺损的肱骨远端骨折临床疗效良好。     

采用Y型锁定钢板内固定治疗成人肱骨髁C型骨折的临床观察

目的探讨Y型锁定钢板内固定治疗成人肱骨髁C型骨折的临床疗效。方法切开复位Y型锁定钢板内固定治疗成人肱骨髁C型骨折15例,均采用尺骨鹰嘴V形截骨入路,复位后均使用Y型锁定钢板固定骨折。结果术后随访6～12个月,所有患者骨折愈合,平均愈合时间为3.8个月。优8例,良6例,可1例,优良率为93.3%。结论 Y型锁定钢板内固定治疗成人尤其老年人肱骨髁C型骨折,是最可靠的方法。     

经后方劈肱三头肌入路治疗肱骨干中下段骨折

[目的]分析经后方劈肱三头肌入路治疗肱骨干中下段骨折的临床疗效。[方法]回顾分析经后方劈肱三头肌入路治疗并获得随访的32例肱骨干中下段骨折，均经后正中劈肱三头肌入路切开复位钢板固定；对陈旧骨折骨不连患者取对侧髂骨植骨；伴有桡神经损伤者同时探察桡神经。[结果]随访6～48个月，平均26．3个月。骨折愈合时间3～9个月，平均4，8个月。骨折不愈合2例，TypeB型1例，TypeC型1例，年龄均超过65岁；手术致桡神经损伤1例，术后3个月内恢复：l例一过性尺神经麻痹；1例肘关节异位骨化；原切口取出钢板23例，无桡神经损伤。以Mayo肘关节功能评分系统评定：优18例，良7例，可4例，差3例；术后肱三头肌肌力为4～5级。[结论]经后方劈肱三头肌入路可安全清楚的显露肱骨中下段，并能对骨折进行妥善固定，并发症发生率可以接受。     

成人肱骨远端严重粉碎性骨折的固定与重建

[目的I探讨肱骨髁间严重粉碎性骨折的手术复位与内固定方法.[方法]2003年3月-2008年8月收治成人肱骨髁间严重粉碎性骨折17例,按AO/ASIF分型C1型4例,C2型6例,C3型7例.手术采用经肘后肱三头肌翻瓣入路,骨折解剖复位并植骨重建肱骨远端骨性结构后采用重建钢板内固定.[结果]术后肱骨远端骨折及关节面均实现解剖对位,骨愈合时间2.8～4.2个月.[结论]采用肘后人路骨折显露良好,组合多种简单的内固定可实现骨折对位与重建,术后肘关节的功能恢复依赖于牢固的内固定及早期功能锻炼.     

Y型钢板及双锁定钢板治疗C型肱骨远端骨折疗效研究

[目的]探讨经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路结合Y型钢板及双锁定钢板治疗C型肱骨远端骨折的疗效比较。[方法]2010年7月²013年8月,用Y型钢板及双锁定钢板采用尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路治疗C型肱骨远端骨折患者52例,每组26人,术后采用Mayo肘关节评分系统评定肘关节功能,结果行统计学对比。[结果]所有患者随访1.52013年8月,用Y型钢板及双锁定钢板采用尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路治疗C型肱骨远端骨折患者52例,每组26人,术后采用Mayo肘关节评分系统评定肘关节功能,结果行统计学对比。[结果]所有患者随访1.5².5年,平均2年。骨折愈合时间32.5年,平均2年。骨折愈合时间3⁷个月,平均4.8个月。骨折(包括鹰嘴截骨)全愈合,无内固定松动及断裂,1例出现肘关节骨化性肌炎。疗效评价参照Mayo肘关节评分,双锁定钢板治疗组优良率显著高于Y型钢板组,结果对比差异有统计学意义。[结论]尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双钢板治疗肱骨髁间骨折患者的预后佳,并发症少,结合中医中药治疗,值得临床推广。     

经尺骨鹰嘴Ⅴ型截骨入路内固定治疗肱骨髁间骨折

[目的]探讨经尺骨鹰嘴V型截骨入路内固定治疗肱骨髁间骨折治疗特点及临床疗效。[方法]采用经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路内固定治疗肱骨髁间骨折。其中C1型4例,C2型8例,C3型9例。全部病例采用Y型钢板、螺钉固定;C2及C3型有长于2.5 cm的骨折块时应用钢丝捆扎。肱骨髁间骨折的固定应达完整三角形的稳定效果。[结果]21例病人随访1~4年,平均18个月,所有骨折均愈合。随访结果按Aitken-Rorabeck肘关节功能评定标准评价,优10例,良8例,可3例,优良率84.7%。[结论]尺骨鹰嘴V型截骨入路三角形稳定内固定治疗肱骨髁间骨折可获得满意的临床疗效。     

3种手术入路在肱骨髁上、髁间粉碎性骨折手术治疗中的应用体会

目的分别采用肘关节后正中倒舌型瓣切开肱三头肌腱膜入路、肱三头肌内外侧联合入路、尺骨鹰嘴V形截骨入路,显露肱骨远端髁上、髁间骨折部位,探讨肱骨远端不同类型骨折的最佳手术入路。方法本组20例,根据术者习惯和手术入路的不断改进,采用肘后正中肱三头肌倒舌型瓣入路8例、肱三头肌内外侧联合入路6例、尺骨鹰嘴V形截骨入路6例,均安放内外侧锁定钢板固定骨折部位。结果 C1型骨折可采用肘后正中肱三头肌倒舌型瓣或肱三头肌内外侧联合入路;C2、C3型骨折应尽量采取尺骨鹰嘴V形截骨入路,可充分显露骨折部位及髁间关节面,复位精确,固定确切可靠,手术时间短,出血少,可早期功能锻炼,术后关节功能恢复良好,无术后肘关节不稳及半脱位发生。结论尺骨鹰嘴V形截骨入路是C2、C3型骨折的理想入路。     

经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双重建钢板后侧固定肱骨髁间骨折34例

[目的]探讨经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双重建钢板后侧固定肱骨髁间骨折的疗效。[方法]2005年7月～2011年1月肱骨髁间骨折患者34例,男28例,女6例,年龄17～61岁,平均37.2岁。按AO/ASIF分类:C1型12例,C2型16例,C3型6例。采用经尺骨鹰嘴截骨后侧入路双重建钢板切开复位后侧固定肱骨髁间骨折。根据改良Cassebaum评分系统对患者进行术后肘关节功能评定。[结果]34例患者均获得随访,随访时间6～72个月,平均24.2个月,骨折均愈合,无切口感染、内固定松动及断裂,1例发生迟发性尺神经炎。按改良Cassebaum评分:优15例,良11例,可5例,差3例,优良率为76.5%。[结论]经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双重建钢板后侧固定肱骨髁间骨折,能达到骨折解剖复位,操作简单,固定牢靠,有利于患者术后早期功能锻炼,是治疗肱骨髁间粉碎骨折的有效方法。     

后入路内外侧重建钢板内固定治疗肱骨下段复杂骨折

目的 探讨经后正中入路内外侧重建钢板内固定治疗肱骨下段复杂骨折的疗效.方法 手术治疗16例肱骨下段复杂骨折,采用经肱三头肌正中入路,双钢板固定肱骨下段内外侧柱,早期积极功能锻炼.结果 随访3～22个月,骨折愈合时间:3～6个月.肘关节功能按改良Cassebaum评分:优12例,良2例,可1例,差1例.结论 后正中入路内外侧重建钢板内固定治疗肱骨下段复杂骨折,骨折全部愈合,肘关节功能良好,是一种理想方法.     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last few years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of National Hip Fracture Databases, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Research Update on Stress Riser Fractures

Stress fractures are fatigue-induced fractures which are caused by repetitive force, often from overuse. They are well-established and frequently encountered in the field of orthopedics. Stress fractures occur in the bone because of low-bone strength and high chronic mechanical stress placed on the bone. Stress riser fractures are also stress fractures that occur because of the presence of cortical defects (holes), changes in stiffness, sharp corners, and cracks (fracture lines). Periprosthetic or peri-implant fractures are good examples of stress riser fractures that occur in regions where stress forces are higher than those in the surrounding material. Most stress riser fractures are related to technical errors (iatrogenic causes) and are difficult to manage. It is possible and more effective to prevent the creation of stress riser fractures through better surgical techniques. The proper terminology for stress fractures, stress riser fractures, periprosthetic fractures, peri-implant fractures, interprosthetic fractures, and interimplant fractures is discussed. This review of the current state of knowledge, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of stress riser fractures is based on clinical evidence and recent literature.     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last ten years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of The National Hip Fracture Database, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus, we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Decision-making in burst fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine

The most common site of injury to the spine is the thoracolumbar junction which is the mechanical transition junction between the rigid thoracic and the more flexible lumbar spine. The lumbar spine is another site which is more prone to injury. Absence of stabilizing articulations with the ribs, lordotic posture and more sagitally oriented facet joints are the most obvious explanations. Burst fractures of the spine account for 14% of all spinal injuries. Though common, thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures present a number of important treatment challenges. There has been substantial controversy related to the indications for nonoperative or operative management of these fractures. Disagreement also exists regarding the choice of the surgical approach. A large number of thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures can be treated conservatively while some fractures require surgery. Selecting an appropriate surgical option requires an in-depth understanding of the different methods of decompression, stabilization and/or fusion. Anterior surgery has the advantage of the greatest degree of canal decompression and offers the benefit of limiting the number of motion segments fused. These advantages come at the added cost of increased time for the surgery and the related morbidity of the surgical approach. Posterior surgery enjoys the advantage of being more familiar to the operating surgeons and can be an effective approach. However, the limitations of this approach include inadequate decompression, recurrence of the deformity and implant failure. Though many of the principles are the same, the treatment of low lumbar burst fractures requires some additional consideration due to the difficulty of approaching this region anteriorly. Avoiding complications of these surgeries are another important aspect and can be achieved by following an algorithmic approach to patient assessment, proper radiological examination and precision in decision-making regarding management. A detailed understanding of the mechanism of injury and their unique biomechanical propensities following various forms of treatment can help the spinal surgeon manage such patients effectively and prevent devastating complications.     

Fracture of the talus

Summary A total of 218 talar injuries were studied with particular attention to the nature and extent of associated injuries. In 96 patients (44%) there was a fracture of one of the neighbouring bones, viz. 59 fractures of the ankle, 27 of the calcaneum, and 11 of the navicular. Talar injury, ankle fracture, and calcaneal fracture co-existed in 7 patients. Among the cases complicated by ankle fractures 15 were open (25%) and many affected the trochlea (37%). Thirty-six (61%) of the ankle fractures associated with talar injuries were of the supination type, 8 of the pronation type, 5 of the pronation-external rotation type, and 2 of the supination-external rotation type. Of the talar injuries occurring in a supinated foot about half were shearing fractures of the talar neck. Of the 27 calcaneal fractures 11 were compression fractures with depression of the joint surface, whereas the others were non-displaced shearing fractures or avulsion fractures. It is concluded that as a rule the talar injury is not isolated, but associated with a more extensive regional injury and that a supination force is the decisive factor causing a talar injury.

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Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié 218 traumatismes de l'astragale en tenant particulièrement compte de la nature et de l'étendue des lésions associées. Chez 96 blessés (44%), il existait une fracture d'un os voisin, à savoir: 59 fractures du cou-de-pied, 27 du calcanéum et 11 du scaphoïde tarsien. Sept fois, la lésion astragalienne était associée à une fracture du cou-de-pied et du calcanéum. Parmi les cas compliqués de fractures bimalléolaires, 15 étaient ouverts (25%) et plusieurs (37%) siégeaient au niveau de la poulie astragalienne.Trente-six (61%) des lésions associées du cou-de-pied étaient des fractures par supination, 5 étaient des fractures par pronation et 2 par supination-rotation externe. La moitié environ des traumatismes astragaliens survenus sur un pied en supination étaient des fractures par cisaillement du col de l'astragale. Parmi les 27 fractures du calcanéum, 11 étaient des fractures par compression, avec enfoncement thalamique, tandis que les autres étaient des fractures sans déplacement, par cisaillement, ou des fractures par avulsion.Les auteurs concluent qu'en règle un traumatisme de l'astragale n'est pas isolé mais associé à des lésions régionales plus étendues et qu'une force s'exerçant en supination constitue le facteur déterminant des lésions traumatiques de l'astragale.

     

股骨近端骨折后对侧再次骨折

目的　阐述老年性股骨颈和股骨粗隆间骨折后再次对侧股骨近端骨折的发生率、相关因素和临床特征 ,提高对二次骨折的认识和防范。方法　对 1997年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 10月手术治疗的 4 76例股骨颈骨折和股骨粗隆间骨折病例作回顾性分析 ,针对股骨近端骨折的骨折类型、再次对侧骨折的发生率、骨折时的年龄和性别分布、第一次骨折后再次发生对侧骨折的间隔时间、骨折时的合并症等内容进行研究和比较。结果　 4 76例股骨近端骨折中 ,2 6例为第二次发生的对侧骨折 ,老年性股骨颈和股骨粗隆间骨折后再次对侧股骨近端骨折的发生率为 5 5 % (2 6 / 4 76 )。股骨颈骨折后发生对侧的股骨近端骨折 ,6 8 8% (11/ 16 )的病例仍为股骨颈骨折 ;股骨粗隆间骨折后发生对侧的股骨近端骨折 ,90 0 % (9/ 10 )的病例仍然是股骨粗隆间骨折 ,第二次骨折类型往往同第一次相同。第二次骨折和第一次骨折的时间间隔平均为 2 7年 ,第 2～ 3年发生的占 4 2 3%。单侧和双侧骨折群的年龄和性别无明显差异。白内障、老年性痴呆、Parkinson病、脑血管障碍、脊髓灰质炎后遗症和慢性类风湿性关节炎等合并症的持有率双侧群明显高于单侧群。影响行走功能的合并疾病 ,是再次对侧股骨近端骨折的一个重要易患因素。结论　老年性股骨近端骨折后     

严重Pilon骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨严重Pilon骨折的不同手术方法、手术时机及治疗效果。方法对1999年5月至2006年6月间46例严重Pilon骨折分别采用有限内固定、有限内固定结合外支架固定及三叶草钢板内固定等方法进行手术治疗。按AO分类方式，所有患者均为C型，C1型10例，C2型22例，C3型14例。开放性骨折11例。闭合性骨折35例。结果所有患者术后均获得8～48个月的随访，平均20个月。踝关节功能按Mazur评价，优21例，良12例，可8例，差5例。主要并发症包括2例皮肤坏死，2例皮肤软组织感染，1例骨感染。5例钉道感染。结论 严重Pilon骨折根据不同的骨折类型、软组织损伤程度及医疗条件选择不同的手术方式和手术时机，均可取得良好的治疗效果。     

Unusual combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist: a case report

All perilunate fracture-dislocations combine ligament ruptures, bone avulsions, and fractures in a variety of clinical forms. The most frequent is the dorsal trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation. In rare cases, however, these dislocations also have been associated with capitate fractures, triquetral fractures, or lunate fracture. We report a combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist that was not associated with perilunate dislocation.