子宫附件超声指标对中枢性性早熟女童的诊断价值

目的 评价子宫附件超声在中枢性性早熟女童中的诊断价值。方法 选取2020年1月至2022年1月因乳腺发育初次于浦江县人民医院就诊的女童100例,以促性腺激素释放激素激发试验结果将其分为中枢性性早熟组50例、单纯性乳腺过早发育组50例。所有患者均行盆腔超声检查,比较两组患者子宫附件超声指标差异,用Logistic回归分析女童中枢性性早熟的影响因素。采用受试者工作曲线评价子宫附件超声指标对中枢性性早熟女童的诊断价值。结果 两组间促黄体生成素峰值、卵巢容积、卵巢长径、卵巢横径、卵泡个数、最大卵泡直径、子宫容积、子宫长径、子宫横径、子宫长径与宫颈比值比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;促黄体生成素峰值与卵巢容积、卵巢长径、卵巢横径、卵泡个数、最大卵泡直径、子宫容积、子宫长径、子宫横径、子宫长径与宫颈比值呈显著正相关性（P<0.05）;受试者工作曲线分析结果显示,子宫附件超声指标联合诊断女童中枢性性早熟曲线下面积为0.880,敏感度为0.880,特异度为0.860。结论 子宫附件超声对女童中枢性性早熟的诊断有一定临床价值。     

子宫、卵巢超声联合血清性激素水平评估女童性早熟的价值观察

目的观察子宫、卵巢超声联合血清性激素水平诊断女童性早熟的价值。方法以2018年1月-2018年12月150例性早熟女童为研究对象,根据GnRH激发试验结果,分为特发性中枢性性早熟(ICPP)组89例与单纯乳房早发育(PT)组61例,比较两组子宫、卵巢超声参数,采用化学发光法检测两组血清性激素血清黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡雌激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)水平并进行比较,采用多因素logistic回归分析探究影响ICPP诊断的独立危险因素,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析超声参数、性激素指标对ICPP的诊断价值。结果 ICPP组GnRH激发试验LH峰值、子宫长径、子宫体积、卵巢横径、卵巢长径、卵巢体积及最大卵泡直径均显著大于PT组(P0.05);ICPP组血清LH、FSH、E2水平以及LH/FSH基础值平均值均显著高于PT组(P0.05);子宫长径、子宫体积、卵巢体积、最大卵泡直径、基础LH、基础LH/FSH值是影响ICPP诊断的独立危险因素(P0.05),对应诊断ICPP的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.765、0.954、0.848、0.970、0.905、0.990。结论子宫、卵巢超声及血清性激素水平对女童ICPP均有一定诊断价值,但考虑到性激素水平受采集时间影响、超声检查受膀胱充盈情况影响等情况,临床可将两种检查方式联合应用,以提高诊断准确性。     

盆腔超声对女童中枢性性早熟的诊断价值

目的探讨盆腔超声单指标及多指标联合对女童中枢性性早熟(CPP)的诊断价值。方法选取CPP女童205例(CPP组)和同期体检的健康女童221例(对照组),均行盆腔超声检查,比较两组子宫、卵巢各指标的差异;绘制受试者工作特征曲线,选取曲线下面积(AUC)值高的超声指标,建立二元Logistic回归模型,得到联合超声指标Y,比较超声单指标与联合指标Y对CPP的诊断效能。结果 CPP组子宫体积、卵巢体积、较大卵泡直径、卵泡个数、内膜厚度均较对照组增加,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,卵巢体积诊断CPP的AUC为0.82,截断值为1.16 ml时,特异性为72.50%,敏感性为82.20%;子宫体积诊断CPP的AUC为0.79,截断值为1.66 ml时,特异性为71.30%,敏感性为61.20%。联合子宫体积、卵巢体积和内膜厚度得到的联合超声指标Y对CPP的诊断价值均高于超声单指标(均P0.05),其AUC为0.97,截断值为0.90时,特异性为97.20%,敏感性为85.19%。结论超声指标联合应用能进一步提高盆腔超声对CPP的诊断准确率,有重要的临床应用价值。     

盆腔超声在女童性早熟评估中的价值

目的探讨盆腔超声在女童性早熟及其不同类型评估中的价值。 方法选取2019年8月至2021年8月在浙江大学医学院附属第四医院生长发育门诊临床诊断为中枢性性早熟（CPP）和外周性性早熟（PPP）的女童各30例,并选取同期30例正常女童作为对照组。所有纳入对象均行盆腔超声检查,比较3组女童的年龄、体质量指数、宫体厚度、宫体长径/宫颈长径、子宫体积、卵巢体积、最大卵泡长径的差异,并绘制3组比较有差异的超声参数鉴别CPP、PPP及正常者的ROC曲线,评估各项参数的效能。 结果CPP组宫体厚度、子宫体积、卵巢体积、最大卵泡长径均大于对照组和PPP组（P均＜0.05）。PPP组宫体厚度、子宫体积、卵巢体积、最大卵泡长径均大于对照组（P均＜0.05）。以促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）激发试验结果为金标准,宫体厚度、子宫体积、卵巢体积、最大卵泡长径鉴别CPP与PPP的ROC曲线下面积为0.900、0.849、0.843、0.755;鉴别CPP与正常女童的ROC曲线下面积为0.941、0.887、0.926、0.769;鉴别PPP与正常女童的ROC曲线下面积为0.814、0.811、0.706、0.813。其中宫体厚度的ROC曲线下面积最大,以宫体厚度＞1.39 cm为截断值,其鉴别女童CPP与PPP的敏感度86.7%,特异度90.0%;以宫体厚度＞1.07 cm为截断值,其鉴别CPP与正常女童的敏感度96.7%,特异度90.0%;以宫体厚度＞0.96 cm为截断值,其鉴别PPP与正常女童的敏感度80.0%,特异度86.7%。 结论盆腔超声多项参数对女童性早熟评估及不同类型的鉴别有较好的临床应用价值,宫体厚度作为一项新的评估参数值得进一步关注,可将这些参数作为性早熟的初筛方法,为临床明确诊断提供可靠依据。     

联合超声指标诊断中枢性性早熟的价值研究

摘 要 目的 探讨盆腔超声单指标及多指标联合对中枢性性早熟（Central Precocious Puberty，CPP）的诊断价值。方法 CPP女童205例为CPP组，另选同期体检的健康女童221例为对照组，行盆腔超声检查比较两组子宫、卵巢各指标的大小；选取曲线下面积（Area under curve，AUC）值高的超声指标建立二元Logistic回归模型，得联合超声指标Y，比较单指标与联合指标的AUC值。 结果 CPP组子宫体积、卵巢体积、较大卵泡直径、卵泡个数、内膜厚度均较对照组不同程度增大，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线结果显示，卵巢体积诊断CPP的AUC为0.82 ml，截断值为1.16 ml，对应的特异性72.50%，敏感性82.20%；子宫体积诊断CPP的AUC为0.79 ml，截断为1.66 ml，对应的特异性71.30%，敏感性61.20%。联合子宫体积、卵巢体积和内膜厚度形成的联合超声指标Y对中枢性性早熟的诊断价值大于单个超声指标（P＜0.05），其AUC为0.97， 截断值为0.90，特异性97.20%，敏感性85.19%。 结论 联合超声指标能进一步提高盆腔超声对中枢性性早熟患儿的诊断准确率，有重要的临床应用价值。     

ROC曲线评价盆腔超声对女童性早熟的诊断价值

目的采用ROC曲线确定女童不同类型性早熟敏感性及特异性较高的超声参数,得出方便于临床诊断性早熟各超声参数的切割值。方法采用盆腔超声常规检查法测量女童内生殖器17项超声参数：子宫体长,厚,宽,容积,内膜回声;子宫颈长,厚,宫体厚度／宫颈厚度比值（FCR）,阴道前后壁厚度;卵巢长,厚,容积,卯泡内径,卵泡数目;子宫动脉收缩期流速,舒张期末流速,阻力指数（RI）。将454例性早熟患儿分为中枢性性早熟（CPP）组,外周性性早熟（PPP）组及乳房早发育（Pr）组,将3组454例性早熟患儿组与171例正常同龄女童组盆腔超声多参数测量数据进行比较,观察性早熟患儿组与正常组儿童各项超声参数的差异与特征。结果性早熟患儿平均子宫体长2．2em,厚1．0cm,容积2．0ml,宫颈厚0．9cm,FCR1．2,阴道壁厚0．4cm,卵巢容积1．2ml,子宫动脉舒张期末流速1．8cm／s,RI为0．90。ROC曲线显示患儿CPP组卵巢的超声参数敏感性及特异性较高,卵巢长度、厚度及卵巢容积的曲线下面积分别达0．92,0．96及0．98;其次为FCR,曲线下面积达0．89,与PPP组及PT组的相应参数相区别。PPP组子宫、宫颈、阴道的超声参数及子宫动脉舒张期末流速、RI均具有较高的特异性及敏感性,宫颈及阴道壁厚度曲线下面积高达0．98,与CPP组及PT组的相应参数相区别。双侧卵巢增大是诊断CPP的可靠依据,早期可无子宫增大。子宫增大,宫颈及阴道壁增厚,子宫内膜显现,若不伴卵巢增大,多考虑PPP。PT患儿子宫、卵巢多无明显形态改变,若有卵巢增大,应警惕发展为CPP,需追踪复查。结论ROC曲线可在女童盆腔众多超声参数中确定敏感性及特异性较高的超声参数,对女童性早熟早期诊断有重要临床价值。其中早期诊断及鉴别诊断敏感指标是：卵巢容积,宫颈厚度,阴道壁厚度,子宫动脉舒张期末流速。     

女童中枢性性早熟预测模型的建立及评价

目的 构建基于实验室指标、超声参数及临床因素的女童中枢性性早熟(CPP)预测模型。方法 选取2020年1月至2022年4月该院收治的103例性早熟女童作为研究对象,其中单纯乳房早发育(IPT)组62例,CPP组41例。比较两组基线资料、超声参数(子宫容积、卵巢容积、>4 mm卵泡数),以及血清促卵泡激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)峰值、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白(IGFBP-3)、25羟维生素D[25-(OH)D]水平。采用Logistic回归分析CPP的影响因素,构建Logistic回归模型,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估其对CPP的预测价值。结果 CPP组激素类食品饮食、营养滋补品饮食比例、LH峰值、血清IGF-1水平高于IPT组,子宫容积、卵巢容积、>4 mm卵泡数大于IPT组,25-(OH)D水平低于IPT组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,激素类食品饮食、营养滋补品饮食、子宫容积、卵巢容积、>4 mm卵泡数、LH峰值、血清IGF-1、25-(OH)D水平是CPP发生的影响因素(P...     

超声检查在特发性性早熟女童鉴别诊断及真性性早熟女童疗效评估中的应用价值分析

目的：探讨超声检查在特发性性早熟女童鉴别诊断及真性性早熟女童疗效评估中的应用价值。方法：将我院2016年6月-2019年5月收治的86例特发性性早熟女童纳入研究,根据促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)激发实验结果将所有患儿分成真性组(中枢性性早熟)52例及与假性组(外周性性早熟)34例,另取同期30例健康女童作为对照组。比较三组子宫以及卵巢超声检查结果。此外,真性组女童采用促性腺激素释放激素类似物(GnRHa)治疗,比较治疗前与治疗8个月后子宫以及卵巢超声检查结果。结果：真性组卵巢长径、卵巢横径、卵巢前后径以及最大卵泡直径均大于假性组与对照组(均P＜0.05);而假性组与对照组上述各项指标水平对比均无统计学差异(均P＞0.05)。真性组子宫长径、子宫横径、子宫前后径均大于假性组与对照组,且假性组上述指标均大于对照组(均P＜0.05)。真性组治疗后卵巢长径、卵巢横径、卵巢前后径以及最大卵泡直径小于治疗前(均P＜0.05)。真性组治疗后子宫长径、子宫横径、子宫前后径均小于治疗前(均P＜0.05)。结论：超声检查下特发性性早熟女童的子宫和卵巢均存在明显增大,且在真性性早熟女童中此特征更加明显,其可辅助评估真性性早熟女童的治疗效果。     

三维超声成像用于诊断性早熟女童

目的 探讨三维超声成像在女童性早熟诊断中的应用价值。方法 对32例临床确诊为中枢性性早熟女童分别行二维、三维盆腔超声检查,记录子宫、卵巢体积,卵泡数目,最大卵泡直径及卵巢血流参数,并检测其血清黄体生成素（LH）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）基础水平及雌二醇（E₂）。比较二维与三维超声的测量参数差异,分析超声测量参数与激素水平的相关性。结果 三维超声能清晰显示子宫及卵巢内部结构,三维超声测量直径>4 mm的卵泡数目和最大卵泡直径均大于二维超声（P均<0.01）,三维超声测量子宫和卵巢体积与二维超声差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。三维超声卵巢彩色血流显示率为87.50%（28/32）,明显优于二维超声[28.12%（9/32）,P<0.01）。三维超声能量多普勒血管指数（VI）、血流指数（FI）、血管血流指数（VFI）与最大卵泡直径均呈正相关（r=0.43、0.44、0.54,P均<0.05）。三维超声测量卵巢体积、最大卵泡直径与血清LH（r=0.39、0.72）、FSH（r=0.38、0.64）呈正相关（P均<0.05）。结论 三维超声在性早熟女童中计数卵泡数目、测量最大卵泡直径及显示卵巢血供方面优于二维超声,有望在诊断女童性早熟中发挥重要作用。     

三维超声VOCAL技术在女童性早熟中的早期诊断及临床应用价值

目的:探讨三维超声VOCAL技术在真性性早熟及单纯乳房早发育的诊断价值。方法:通过三维超声VOCAL对30例CPP女童、35例PT及62例正常女童进行子宫和卵巢的影像学测量,对比30例CPP女童治疗前后影像学变化。结果:CPP组的子宫和卵巢长径、宽径及厚径大于PT组及正常组(P0.001);0-6岁组,子宫长度是诊断CPP的最佳指标(灵敏度为81%,特异性为97.1%);在6-8岁组,子宫体积是诊断CPP的最佳指标(灵敏度为85%,特异性为73.4%);30例CPP女童治疗后影像学指标均缩小。结论:三维超声VOCAL技术用于真性性早熟与单纯性乳房早发育的鉴别诊断及疗效评估具有简便、可靠、无创的特点。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.