超声造影与增强磁共振对乳腺良恶性肿块诊断价值的meta分析

【摘要】 目的：系统评价超声造影(CEUS)与增强磁共振(CE-MRI)在乳腺良恶性肿块鉴别诊断中的临床价值。方法：系统检索PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane Library、CNKI、CBM 及万方等数据库,纳入以CEUS与CE-MRI技术分别鉴别诊断同一组乳腺肿块良恶性的研究严格按照纳入、排除标准进行文献筛选、数据提取及方法学质量评价。采用STATA 14.0 软件检测异质性,计算敏感性、特异性、阳性似然比、阴性似然比及诊断比值比进行合并分析;绘制汇总森林图和受试者工作特征曲线(SROC)图,计算曲线下面积AUROC;绘制Fagan 图,进行敏感性和漏斗图分析。结果共纳入14篇文献,共计1153个乳腺肿块。CEUS与CE-MRI对乳腺恶性肿块诊断的合并敏感性和合并特异性分别为0.85(95%CI：0.82～0.88)、0.80(95%CI：0.76～0.84)和0.81(95%CI：0.77～0.84)、0.77(95%CI：0.70～0.82);SROC 曲线下面积分别为0.90(95%CI：0.87～0.92)、0.86(95%CI：0.82～0.89),二者诊断效能比较差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。各研究稳定性较好,未见明显发表偏倚(P＞0.05)。结论 CEUS 对乳腺肿块良恶性鉴别诊断效能较CE-MRI略高,但两者对乳腺肿块良恶性的诊断均有重要意义,是乳腺诊断的重要影像学手段。     

超声造影与增强MRI对乳腺良恶性肿块诊断价值的Meta分析

目的系统评价超声造影与增强MRI在乳腺良恶性肿块鉴别诊断中的临床价值。方法系统检索PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane图书馆、维普、CNKI、CBM及万方数据库,检索时间为建库至2018年3月,纳入以超声造影与增强MRI技术鉴别诊断同一组乳腺肿块良恶性的研究,严格按照纳入、排除标准进行文献筛选、数据提取及方法学质量评价。采用Stata 14.0软件检测异质性,计算敏感性、特异性、阳性似然比、阴性似然比及诊断比值比;绘制汇总受试者工作特征曲线(SROC),计算曲线下面积;绘制Deek漏斗图检测发表偏倚性;绘制Fagan图比较验前及验后概率。结果共纳入14篇文献(1153个乳腺肿块)。超声造影与增强MRI诊断乳腺恶性肿块的合并敏感性和合并特异性分别为0.85(95%CI:0.82～0.88)、0.80(95%CI:0.76～0.84)和0.81(95%CI:0.77～0.84)、0.77(95%CI:0.70～0.82);SROC曲线下面积分别为0.90(95%CI:0.87～0.92)、0.86(95%CI:0.82～0.89),二者诊断效能比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。各研究稳定性较好,未见明显发表偏倚(P0.05)。超声造影和增强MRI验前概率均为48%,验后概率分别为86%和84%。结论超声造影对乳腺肿块良恶性鉴别诊断的效能较增强MRI略高,两者对乳腺肿块良恶性的诊断均有重要意义。     

超声造影与增强CT对肾脏肿瘤诊断价值的Meta分析

目的系统评价超声造影与增强CT在肾脏肿瘤良恶性鉴别诊断中的临床价值。方法系统检索中国知网、万方、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆等数据库,检索时间为建库至2018年12月,收集有关超声造影与增强CT技术鉴别诊断同一组肾脏肿瘤良恶性的相关文献,严格按照纳入、排除标准进行文献筛查、数据提取及方法学质量评价。采用Stata 14.0软件计算两种检查方法诊断恶性肾脏肿瘤的敏感性、特异性、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、诊断比值比;绘制汇总受试者工作特征(SROC)曲线,计算曲线下面积,并探讨异质性的程度和潜在来源。结果共纳入了10项对照研究,共1290个病灶,超声造影与增强CT检测肾脏肿瘤的合并敏感性和合并特异性分别为0.95[95%可信区间(CI):0.93~0.96]和0.90(95%CI:0.85~0.93),0.75(95%CI:0.66~0.83)和0.72(95%CI:0.63~0.80),诊断比值比分别为59(95%CI:35~100)和27(95%CI:19~40),SROC曲线下面积分别为0.95(95%CI:0.93~0.97)和0.89(95%CI:0.86~0.91);两种检查方法仅诊断比值比比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。超声造影与增强CT对≤4 cm的肾脏小肿瘤合并敏感性、特异性、诊断比值比分别为0.95(95%CI:0.92~0.97)和0.87(95%CI:0.82~0.92),0.76(95%CI:0.65~0.86)和0.75(95%CI:0.65~0.86),63(95%CI:34~116)和21(95%CI:10~46),SROC曲线下面积分别为0.95(95%CI:0.93~0.97)和0.90(95%CI:0.87~0.92),二者的敏感性、诊断比值比比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论超声造影在肾脏肿瘤的诊断中,具有与增强CT相当的高敏感性和中等特异性;对于直径≤4 cm肾脏肿瘤,超声造影较增强CT的诊断敏感性更高。     

超声弹性成像对颈部淋巴结良恶性鉴别诊断的Meta分析

目的应用Meta分析系统评价超声弹性成像鉴别诊断颈部淋巴结良恶性的价值。方法计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、Embase、中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库,搜索超声弹性成像鉴别诊断颈部淋巴结良恶性的相关文献,检索语言为英文和中文,检索时间为建库至2019年2月28日。对纳入文献进行异质性检验,并采用QUADAS量表进行质量评价。分析超声弹性成像鉴别诊断颈部恶性淋巴结的合并敏感性、特异性、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、诊断比值比,绘制汇总受试者工作特征(SROC)曲线,计算曲线下面积。结果最终纳入11篇文献,其中8篇中文文献,3篇英文文献,包括1134例患者,共1373个淋巴结。QUADAS量表评价显示,纳入文献质量较高。超声弹性成像鉴别诊断颈部恶性淋巴结的合并敏感性、特异性、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、诊断比值比分别为0.85(95%CI:0.83～0.87)、0.72(95%CI:0.68～0.76)、3.54(95%CI:2.19～5.71)、0.20(95%CI:0.13～0.32)、19.96(95%CI:8.85～45.04),SROC曲线下面积为0.9061。结论超声弹性成像对颈部淋巴结良恶性的鉴别诊断具有较高价值。     

实时组织弹性成像对乳腺良、恶性肿块诊断价值的Meta分析

目的 采用Meta分析评价实时组织弹性成像(RTE)对乳腺良、恶性肿块的诊断价值。方法 检索1994—2010年国内外公开发表的有关RTE诊断乳腺肿瘤的中文、英文文献,按照诊断试验的纳入和排除标准筛选文献,提取纳入研究的特征信息,进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入12篇文献,RTE对乳腺良、恶性肿块诊断的敏感度为0.78~0.89,特异度为0.84~1.00。合并敏感度和特异度分别为0.82(95%CI 0.79~0.85)、0.95(95%CI 0.93~0.96);合并阳性和阴性似然比分别为14.16(95%CI 8.38~23.93)、0.20(95%CI 0.17~0.23);SROC曲线下面积为0.91±0.01。结论 RTE对乳腺良恶性肿块的鉴别诊断具有较高的临床诊断价值。     

超声造影对乳腺肿块良恶性鉴别诊断价值的系统评价

目的系统评价超声造影在乳腺良恶性肿块鉴别诊断中的临床价值。方法计算机检索h e Cochrane Library(2013年第2期)、PubMed、CNKI、Wanfang Data、VIP、MedaLink和CBM数据库,检索时限均为建库至2013年5月。由2位研究者根据纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料,采用QUADAS条目评价纳入研究的方法学质量后,采用Meta-DiSc 1.4软件对其敏感性(SEN)、特异性(SPE)、阳性似然比(+LR)、阴性似然比(–LR)、诊断比值比(DOR)进行异质性检验和合并分析,绘制受试者工作特征(SROC)曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC)。结果最终共纳入19个研究,1161例研究对象。Meta分析结果显示:SPE合并为0.79[95%CI(0.75,0.82)]、SEN合并为0.86[95%CI(0.83,0.89)]、+LR为3.92[95%CI(2.77,5.56)]、–LR为0.18[95%CI(0.13,0.26)]、DOR合并为25.86[95%CI(13.77,48.55)]、AUC为0.9170。结论现有研究证实,超声造影对乳腺肿瘤良恶性鉴别诊断有较高的敏感性和特异性,可用于乳腺良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断。     

动脉血流峰值流速变异度评价危重症患者容量反应状态的Meta分析

目的应用Meta分析系统评价不同动脉血流峰值流速变异度(ΔVpeak)评估危重症患者容量反应状态的临床价值。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Medline、Cochrane Library、CBMdisc、万方数据库、中国知网及维普数据库,由两名检索员搜集关于床旁超声测量动脉ΔVpeak诊断危重症患者容量反应性的相关文献,依据纳入和排除标准对建库至2019年5月的相关文献进行筛选,对纳入文献进行质量评价和资料提取,质量评价标准为QUADAS条目,对符合质量标准的文献采用Stata 15.0软件进行分析,计算床旁超声测量动脉ΔVpeak诊断危重症患者容量反应性的合并敏感性、特异性、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、诊断比值比,绘制汇总受试者工作特征(SROC)曲线,计算曲线下面积;绘制漏斗图评估纳入文献是否存在发表偏倚。结果本研究共纳入15篇文献,肱动脉、颈动脉、主动脉及其联合的ΔVpeak诊断危重症患者容量反应性的合并敏感性分别为0.71(95%CI:0.63~0.78)、0.87(95%CI:0.77~0.93)、0.83(95%CI:0.74~0.91)、0.79(95%CI:0.74~0.83);合并特异性分别为0.85(95%CI:0.78~0.90)、0.85(95%CI:0.76~0.91)、0.84(95%CI:0.73~0.91)、0.85(95%CI:0.81~0.89);阳性似然比分别为4.7(95%CI:3.1~7.0)、5.8(95%CI:3.5~9.5)、5.1(95%CI:2.9~8.8)、5.3(95%CI:4.1~6.9);阴性似然比分别为0.34(95%CI:0.26~0.44)、0.16(95%CI:0.09~0.27)、0.21(95%CI:0.13~0.32)、0.25(95%CI:0.20~0.31);诊断比值比分别为13.63(7.57~24.54)、41.04(19.13~88.02)、21.99(10.49~46.11)、21.87(14.33~31.31);曲线下面积分别为0.86(95%CI:0.82~0.88)、0.92(95%CI:0.90~0.94)、0.89(95%CI:0.86~0.91)、0.89(95%CI:0.86~0.92)。漏斗图结果表明肱动脉、颈动脉、主动脉及其联合的纳入文献均无发表偏倚。结论ΔVpeak可用于评估危重症患者的容量反应性,其中颈动脉ΔVpeak诊断价值最高。     

自动乳腺全容积扫查系统对乳腺癌诊断价值的Meta分析

目的系统评价自动乳腺全容积扫查(ABVS)系统对乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法检索万方、CNKI、Pub Med、Web of science及EMbase数据库中2014年12月前公开发表的有关ABVS对乳腺病灶诊断的文献,按诊断性试验的纳入和排除标准筛选文献、提取数据,进行Meta合并分析。结果共计19篇文献2073个乳腺病灶纳入分析,采用随机效应模型合并敏感性、特异性、阳性似然比、阴性似然比及诊断比值比分别为0.87[95%CI(0.85~0.89)]、0.87[95%CI(0.85~0.89)]、5.98[95%CI(4.72~7.57)]、0.16[95%CI(0.11~0.23)]、51.81[95%CI(33.32~80.57)];SROC曲线下面积为0.94±0.01,Q*指数为0.88±0.01。结论 ABVS对乳腺癌有较高敏感性和特异性,对乳腺病灶的良、恶性鉴别诊断有较高的临床诊断价值。     

传统二维超声和自动乳腺全容积扫查对乳腺良恶性肿块诊断价值的Meta分析

目的系统评价传统二维超声(HHUS)和自动乳腺全容积扫查(ABVS)在乳腺良恶性肿块中的诊断价值。方法计算机检索PubMed、The Cochrane Library、EMbase、Web of Science、Biosis Preview、WanFang Data、VIP、SinoMed和CNKI数据库,搜集有关HHUS和ABVS诊断乳腺肿块的研究,检索时限均为建库至2019年5月31日。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用Meta-Disc软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入24个研究。HHUS的合并敏感度(SEN)、特异度(SPE)、诊断比值比(DOR)、阳性似然比(PLR)和阴性似然比(NLR)分别为0.83[95%CI(0.82,0.85)]、0.81[95%CI(0.79,0.82)]、19.71[95%CI(14.93,26.01)]、4.05[95%CI(3.49,4.69)]、0.22[95%CI(0.18,0.26)];ABVS的SEN、SPE、DOR、PLR和NLR分别为0.90[95%CI(0.89,0.92)]、0.88[95%CI(0.87,0.89)]、76.86[95%CI(55.13,107.17)]、7.40[95%CI(6.07,9.04)]、0.11[95%CI(0.09,0.14)]。HHUS和ABVS的工作特征曲线(SROC)下面积(AUC)分别为0.88和0.96。结论当前证据显示,与HHUS相比,ABVS在乳腺肿块的鉴别诊断方面具有更高的临床价值。受纳入研究数量和质量的限制,上述结论尚待更多高质量研究予以验证。     

磁共振平均相对脑血容量鉴别胶质瘤复发与放射损伤诊断准确性的Meta分析

目的评价磁共振平均相对脑血容量(rCBVmean)鉴别胶质瘤复发与放射损伤的诊断准确性。材料与方法系统性检索2000年1月至2015年8月Pubmed、Embase和CBM数据库中发表的有关磁共振rCBVmean鉴别胶质瘤复发与放射性损伤的文献。对纳入的文献进行质量评价及数据提取,应用Stata13.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入14篇符合标准的文献,包括378例患者,合并敏感性(SEN)、特异性(SPE)、阳性似然比(PLR)、阴性似然比(NLR)和诊断优势比(DOR)分别为0.87(95%CI:0.80~0.91),0.89(95%CI:0.81~0.94),7.6(95%CI:4.3~13.4),0.15(95%CI:0.10~0.23)和50(95%CI:22~117)。综合受试者工作特性曲线(SROC)下面积为0.93(95%CI:0.91~0.95)。结论磁共振r CBVmean在鉴别胶质瘤复发与放射性损伤中具有高的诊断准确性。     

NO and HNO donors,nitrones, and nitroxides: Past,present, and future

The biological effects attributed to nitric oxide (^?NO) and nitroxyl (HNO) have been extensively studied, propelling their array of putative clinical applications beyond cardiovascular disorders toward other age‐related diseases, like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, the unique properties and reactivity of the N‐O bond enabled the development of several classes of compounds with potential clinical interest, among which ^?NO and HNO donors, nitrones, and nitroxides are of particular importance. Although primarily studied for their application as cardioprotective agents and/or molecular probes for radical detection, continuous efforts have unveiled a wide range of pharmacological activities and, ultimately, therapeutic applications. These efforts are of particular significance for diseases in which oxidative stress plays a key pathogenic role, as shown by a growing volume of in vitro and in vivo preclinical data. Although in its early stages, these efforts may provide valuable guidelines for the development of new and effective N‐O‐based drugs for age‐related disorders. In this report, we review recent advances in the chemistry of NO and HNO donors, nitrones, and nitroxides and discuss its pharmacological significance and potential therapeutic application.     

Genomics, Nutrition, Obesity, and Diabetes

PURPOSE: To present evidence of genetic and environmental interactions as they relate to nutrition, diabetes, and obesity. METHODS: A review of seminal literature related to genetics, obesity, and diabetes. FINDINGS: Multifactorial interactions are important in the development of nutrition-related disorders, but the challenge remains to explain how these interactions are expressed. Treating subpopulations of people might be important and useful to some extent at present, but in the future treating people of given genetic predispositions and other personal and environmental factors will have greater effects on quality-of-life indicators and life expectancies. CONCLUSIONS: Individualization coupled with multifactorial interactions will lead to new and more effective preventive and treatment modalities of nutrition-related disorders. With obesity and diabetes, genomics will bridge the traditional use of diet, exercise, and weight reduction with other environmental factors, ultimately leading to healthier lives.     

Platelets,thrombosis, coagulation,and atherosclerosis

When I first got the invitation to join a medical delegation going to Moldova, I thought for a moment that our destination was the fictional country in the old Marx Brothers movie Duck Soup. On further checking, it turns out that entertaining place was called Freedonia. I now know that Moldova is indeed a real country, bordered on the west by Romania and on the other three sides by the Ukraine. It is a proud country, rich with traditions, and its people are warm, giving, eager to learn ways to improve their healthcare system, and deeply appreciative of our attempts to help them in the task.     

Vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and gastroenteritis

Diseases that cause vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and gastroenteritis are major problems for populations worldwide. Patients, particularly infants, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, may present at any point in a wide spectrum of disease states, underscoring the need for the clinician to treat these ailments aggressively. Several promising new treatment modalities, from oral rehydration solutions to antiemetic therapies, have been introduced over the past decade. Future directions include the use of probiotic agents and better tolerated rehydration solutions. Gastrointestinal disease will continue to be a focus worldwide in the search for better ways to cure illnesses associated with vomiting and diarrhea.     

Thoughts,images, worry,and anxiety

Recent models suggest that worry is primarily a verbal-linguistic process that enables images to be avoided and reduces somatic activation. Five-hundred and two subjects completed a questionnaire that assessed variables related to generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) criteria and also asked subjects to indicate the percentage of thoughts and images while worrying. Subjects were divided into excessive worriers (worry excessively about two or more topics more days than not for at least the last 6 months) and ordinary worriers (those who did not meet the previous criteria). As predicted, worry was reported as being composed predominantly of thoughts rather than images, and excessive worriers reported a significantly higher percentage of thoughts compared to ordinary worriers. The number of somatic symptoms was positively correlated with the percentage of images. This relationship was stronger among excessive worriers than ordinary worriers, specifically for autonomic hyperactivity symptoms. Further, in the excessive worry group only there was a significant negative correlation between the number of autonomic hyperactivity symptoms and the percentage of thoughts.This research was partially supported by grants from les Fonds de Recherche en Santé de Québec and the Medical Research Council of Canada. The study was completed while the first author was supported by the Medical Research Council of Canada.The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of France Blais for recruiting subjects, administering questionnaires, and entering data.     

Lipid messenger, diacylglycerol, and its regulator, diacylglycerol kinase, in cells, organs, and animals: history and perspective

Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) metabolizes diacylglycerol (DG), a glycerolipid containing two acyl chains, to convert phosphatidic acid. DG is produced through phosphoinositide turnover within the membrane and is well known to act as a second messenger that modulates the activity of protein kinase C in the cellular signal transduction. Recent studies have revealed that DG also activates several proteins, including Ras guanine-nucleotide releasing protein and ion channels such as transient receptor potential proteins. Therefore, DGK is thought to participate in a number of signaling cascades by modulating levels of DG. Previous studies have disclosed that DGK is composed of a family of the isozymes, which differ in the structure, enzymological property, gene expression and localization, subcellular localization, and binding molecules. The present review focuses on the stories of phosphoinositide turnover and DG, including historical views, structural features, metabolism, and relevant cellular phenomena, together with the characteristics of DGK isozymes and the pathophysiological findings on animal studies using knockout mice and models for human diseases. Now it is being revealed that the structural and functional diversity and heterogeneity of and around DGK support the proper arrangement of the complex signal transduction machinery.