2种不同麻醉方法对髋部骨折老年患者术后肺部并发症发生的多因素分析

目的探讨全身麻醉(general anesthesia,GA)和硬膜外联合蛛网膜下腔麻醉(combined spinal epidural anesthesia,CSEA)对髋部骨折老年病人术后肺部并发症的影响。方法选择我院2005年1月~2014年12月髋部骨折接受手术治疗的老年病人469例,其中300例接受CSEA(CSEA组),169例接受GA(GA组),先对病人年龄、性别、术前内科合并症、卧床时间、手术和麻醉方式进行单因素分析,有统计学差异的因素再采用多重logistic回归模型分析老年髋部骨折病人术后肺部并发症的影响因素。结果 48例发生术后肺部并发症,其中CSEA组13例,GA组35例。单因素分析显示年龄、术前卧床时间和麻醉方式有统计学差异(P0.05),性别、ASA分级和内科合并症无统计学差异(P0.05)。多重logistic回归分析显示CSEA可以降低髋部骨折老年病人的术后肺部并发症(OR=0.17,95%CI:0.08~0.31,P=0.000);80~84岁(OR=5.09,95%CI:1.74~14.86,P=0.003)、85岁以上(OR=5.27,95%CI:1.71~16.17,P=0.004)和术前卧床2 d以上(OR=2.41,95%CI:1.04~5.56,P=0.040)是发生术后肺部并发症的危险因素。结论 CSEA较GA可以降低髋部骨折老年病人的术后肺部并发症。     

经胸封堵术与直视修补术治疗室间隔缺损的系统评价与Meta分析

目的比较经胸微创封堵与开胸直视修补治疗室间隔缺损的疗效。方法计算机检索Pub Med、EMbase、The Cochrane Library、VIP、CNKI、CBM、Chinese Clinical Trial Register、Clinical Trials.gov及万方数据库,检索时间为建库至2016年7月31日。筛选满足纳入标准的文献,提取数据并评价文献质量,采用Rev Man 5.0和Stata 14.0进行Meta分析。结果 11篇文献满足纳入标准,其中5篇随机对照试验(RCT),6篇队列研究,共2 504例患儿。RCT的Meta结果显示两种手术成功率差异无统计学意义(RR=0.99,95%CI 0.96~1.03,P=0.70);队列研究发现经胸封堵组的手术成功率低于直视修补组(OR=0.21,95%CI 0.08~0.55,P=0.002)。RCT和队列研究的结果一致发现经胸微创封堵组相对于开胸直视修补组,手术时间(RCT MD=–79.38,95%CI–95.00~–63.76,P0.000 01;队列研究MD=–66.26,95%CI–71.20~–61.31,P0.000 01),住院时间(RCT MD=–2.10,95%CI–2.65~–1.55,P0.000 01;队列研究MD=–3.99,95%CI–6.03~–1.94,P=0.000 1)均缩短,且需输血例数也减少(RCT RR=0.04,95%CI 0.01~0.11,P0.000 01;队列研究OR=0.01,95%CI 0.00~0.13,P=0.001)。RCT和队列研究结果均发现经胸封堵术能降低术后心律失常发生率(RCT RR=0.20,95%CI 0.13~0.32,P0.000 01;队列研究OR=0.46,95%CI 0.31~0.67,P0.000 1)。RCT发现经胸封堵术会增加瓣膜反流风险(RR=1.45,95%CI1.07~1.96,P=0.02);队列研究提示经胸封堵术能降低瓣膜反流发生率(OR=0.43,95%CI 0.20~0.92,P=0.03)。RCT和队列研究均未发现两组间术后残余分流发生率差异有统计学意义(RCT RR=0.96,95%CI 0.57~1.62,P=0.89;队列研究OR=0.52,95%CI 0.12~2.25,P=0.38)。结论经胸微创封堵治疗室间隔缺损能缩短患者手术时间、住院时间,减少术中术后的输血例数和术后心律失常的发生。对于合适的室间隔缺损患者,经胸微创封堵术优于开胸直视修补术。     

成人心脏术后再入ICU的危险因素分析

目的评估心脏术后再次转入ICU的危险因素。方法纳入2014年1月至2016年10月共2 799例心脏手术患者,分为再入ICU组[47例,男27例、女20例,年龄(62.0±14.4)岁]及非再入ICU组[2 752例,男1 478例、女1 274例,年龄(55.0±13.9)岁]。分析再入ICU的原因,并通过logistic回归分析明确再次转入ICU的围术期危险因素。结果再入ICU的发生率为1.68%(47/2 799),呼吸衰竭是再入ICU的最主要的原因(38.3%),再入ICU组的死亡率较非再入ICU组高,且差异有统计学意义(23.4%vs.4.6%,P0.001)。Logistic回归分析得出术前肾功能不全(OR=5.243,95%CI 1.190~23.093,P=0.029)、ICU停留时间(OR=1.002,95%CI1.001~1.004,P=0.049)、术后第1 d B型尿钠肽(BNP)值(OR=1.000,95%CI 1.000~1.001,P=0.038)、入室24 h急性生理与慢性健康(APACHEⅡ)评分(OR=1.171,95%CI 1.088~1.259,P0.001)、术后当天引流量(OR=1.001,95%CI1.001~1.002,P0.001)为心脏术后再次转入ICU的独立危险因素。结论早期识别心脏术后再次转入ICU的独立危险因素,有助于更有效地制定高危患者的治疗计划及分配医疗资源。     

心肺转流下心脏瓣膜术后急性肾损伤的危险因素分析

目的探讨成人心肺转流(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)下心脏瓣膜手术后急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)的危险因素。方法回顾性分析1 349例心脏瓣膜手术患者的临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析心脏瓣膜术后AKI的危险因素。结果 1 349例心脏瓣膜手术患者AKI发生率为28.4%,多因素Logistic回归分析显示,每增加1岁(OR=1.05,95%CI 1.03~1.06,P0.001)、糖尿病史(OR=2.11,95%CI 1.22~3.68,P=0.008)、贫血(OR=1.50,95%CI1.05~2.21,P=0.026)、术前血清肌酐(Scr)值每增加1mg/dl(OR=1.01,95%CI 1.01~1.02,P=0.001)、手术时间每增加1h(OR=1.28,95%CI 1.15~1.41,P0.001)、术中输注血浆(OR=1.50,95%CI 1.14~1.97,P=0.004)是心脏瓣膜术后发生AKI的独立危险因素。结论心肺转流下心脏瓣膜术后急性肾损伤的独立危险因素是高龄、糖尿病史、贫血、术前肌酐高、手术时间长以及术中输注血浆。     

三种椎管内麻醉方法应用于剖宫产手术的比较

剖宫产手术主要选择椎管内麻醉,本文旨在探讨脊麻(SA)、硬膜外阻滞(EA)和SA复合EA(CSEA)三种方法的优劣.     

非心脏手术后老年患者术后中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率升高增加术后谵妄风险:观察性研究

目的分析老年患者术后谵妄(postoperative delirium,POD)的危险因素,探究术后中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)的水平与老年患者POD的关系。方法选取2019年3月至2019年8月全身麻醉下接受非心脏手术后的老年患者531例,年龄≥65岁。使用混淆评估法(the Confusion Assessment Method,CAM)每天2次评估术后3 d内POD发生情况。根据患者是否发生POD分为术后谵妄组和非术后谵妄组。主要观察POD的发生率,并使用多因素Logistic回归分析评估POD的危险因素。同时使用倾向性评分匹配(Propensity Score Matching,PSM)进一步分析POD的危险因素。结果共125例(23.5%)患者发生POD。年龄[比值比(odds ratio,OR)=1.044,95%CI 1.006~1.048,P=0.025]、查尔森合并症指数(Charlson Comorbidity Index,CCI)(OR=1.189,95%CI 1.031~1.370,P=0.017)、Hb(OR=0.988,95%CI 0.977~0.999,P=0.039)、手术时间(OR=1.003,95%CI 1.000~1.005,P=0.043)、拔管时间(OR=1.028,95%CI 1.012~1.044,P=0.001)、术后入ICU(OR=2.222,95%CI 1.308~3.775,P=0.003)、术后NLR(OR=1.027,95%CI 1.000~1.054,P=0.048)是POD的独立危险因素。文化程度(P=0.061)、出血量(P=0.161)、日常生活活动能力量表(Activities of Daily Living,IADL)(P=0.368)两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对术后NLR进行受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)曲线分析,得出POD风险增加的术后NLR拐点值为11.85,将术后NLR转换为二分类变量并代入Logistic多因素回归模型,校正影响因素后,结果显示术后NLR拐点值>11.85者POD的风险明显增加[OR=2.019,95%CI 1.292~3.155,P=0.002],同时将混杂因素进行PSM后显示,术后NLR水平升高使POD的发生风险增高(OR=1.033,95%CI 1.007~1.060,P=0.012)。结论对于非心脏手术后的老年患者,术后NLR水平升高增加POD的发生风险。     

椎管内麻醉与全身麻醉对关节置换术效果的Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析的方法评价椎管内麻醉与全身麻醉对关节置换术的效果。方法计算机检索Pubmed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、中国知网、中国生物医学数据库,检索中华系列杂志相关文献,收集所有评价椎管内麻醉与全身麻醉对关节置换术效果的随机对照试验(RCT),筛选出符合的文献,并严格评价纳入研究的方法学质量。统计学软件采用Cochrane协作网提供的RevMan 5.3。结果最终纳入21篇符合标准的RCT,共包含1 874例患者。Meta合并分析显示:与全身麻醉比较,椎管内麻醉可明显减少关节置换术术中出血量(WMD=-97.52ml,95%CI=-173.60~-21.44,P=0.01),明显降低关节置换术深静脉血栓发生率(RR=0.68,95%CI=0.48~0.95,P=0.02)、肺栓塞发生率(RR=0.58,95%CI=0.35~0.91,P=0.03)、术后恶心呕吐发生率(RR=0.74,95%CI=0.60~0.92,P=0.008)。亚组分析显示,未使用抗凝药时椎管内麻醉可明显降低深静脉血栓发生率(RR=0.51,95%CI=0.38~0.69,P0.001)和肺栓塞发生率(RR=0.34,95%CI=0.18~0.65,P=0.001)。结论椎管内麻醉在关节置换术中可有效改善患者术中情况,降低术后不良反应发生率。     

血栓前状态分子标志物在老年冠心病非心脏手术患者围术期的变化及意义

目的研究血栓前状态(PTS)分子标志物在老年冠心病患者腹部手术围术期的变化及意义。方法选择60~75岁择期行腹部手术的老年冠心病患者128例,分别于手术当天及术后1、2、3d测量血浆D-二聚体(D-D)、血栓前体蛋白(TpP)、P-选择素(CD62P)及血管性血友病因子(vWF)水平,分析其与心脏不良事件发生的相关性。结果共有128例患者纳入本研究,其中心脏不良事件29例(22.7%)。与手术当天比较,术后1、2、3d患者血浆D-D、TpP、CD62P和vWF水平明显升高(P0.01)。女性(OR=22.5,95%CI 2.9~174.55)、合并糖尿病(OR=97.77,95%CI11.51~830.42)、手术时间延长(OR=1.08,95%CI 1.03~1.13)以及术前PTS分子标志物升高是心脏不良事件发生的危险因素,但都不是独立危险因素。结论 PTS分子标志物水平升高对于老年冠心病非心脏手术患者围术期心脏不良事件的发生有一定的预测价值。     

新辅助放化疗结合手术与单纯手术治疗可切除食管癌的系统评价与Meta分析

目的探讨术前放化疗(chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery,CRTS)对比单纯手术(surgery alone,SA)治疗可切除食管癌患者的有效性以及安全性。方法检索Pub Med、Ovid、SCI,中国生物医学文献数据库、中国学术期刊全文数据库、维普数据库、万方数据库等,收集2015年8月1日以前有关术前放化疗与单纯手术治疗可切除食管癌的文献,严格按照纳入和排除标准进行筛选后提取数据。数据分析采用Stata12.0软件。结果共纳入26个随机对照试验(RCT),研究对象共3 252例,其中CRTS组1 606例,SA组1 646例。CRTS组3年生存率、5年生存率、R0切除率高于SA组,其RR(95%CI,P值)分别为1.24(1.13~1.36,P0.000 1)、1.29(1.10~1.50,P=0.001)、1.13(1.05~1.21,P=0.001),同时降低了局部复发率与局部复发并远处转移率,其RR(95%CI,P值)分别为0.67(0.52~0.85,P=0.001)、0.60(0.40~0.90,P=0.013),其差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),两组1年生存率与远处转移率差异均无统计学意义,其RR(95%CI,P值)分别为1.05(0.99~1.12,P=0.103)、0.84(0.70~1.00,P=0.053)。与SA组比较,CRTS组总并发症、术后30 d死亡率、肺部感染、吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄、心脏并发症、乳糜胸的发生率并未增加,其RR(95%CI,P值)分别为1.09(0.96~1.24,P=0.166)、1.32(0.96~1.83,P=0.485)、1.45(0.94~2.23,P=0.091)、0.89(0.63~1.25,P=0.485)、0.93(0.64~1.35,P=0.731)、1.24(0.84~1.87,P=0.283)、1.62(0.85~3.07,P=0.142),其差异均无统计学意义。结论与SA相比,CRTS治疗可切除食管癌有效性更高,安全性相当。     

高血压脑出血术后急性肾损伤相关危险因素分析

目的通过病例对照研究,分析发生高血压脑出血术后急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)的相关危险因素。方法选择2014年11月1日至2017年2月28日高血压脑出血接受外科手术治疗的患者211例,男139例,女72例,年龄28～86岁,根据术后是否发生AKI分为两组:AKI组和非AKI组。统计术后AKI发生率、术后30d全因死亡率及GOS评分、ICU停留时间、住院时间和住院费用。采用Logistic回归分析术后发生AKI的相关危险因素。结果术后发生AKI 38例,AKI发生率为18%;与非AKI组比较,AKI组术后7d全因死亡率明显升高(P0.01)、术后30d全因死亡率明显升高(P0.01),术后30dGOS评分明显降低(P0.01),术后ICU留观时间明显延长(P0.01);两组住院时间、住院费用差异无统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,术中输血(OR=13.98,95%CI 4.23～46.17,P0.01)和术中使用甘露醇(OR=3.55,95%CI 1.60～7.89,P0.01)是高血压脑出血术后AKI的独立危险因素。结论高血压脑出血术后AKI的发生率为18%,术中输血和使用甘露醇可能是高血压脑出血术后发生AKI的独立危险因素,并且术后AKI患者术后7d及30d全因死亡率明显升高。     

Meta-analysis of the effect of heart rate achieved by perioperative beta-adrenergic blockade on cardiovascular outcomes

BACKGROUND: Acute perioperative beta-adrenergic blockade may be cardioprotective in the high-risk cardiac patient for major non-cardiac surgery. We have investigated the association between the heart rate achieved with perioperative beta-blockade and the incidence of perioperative cardiac complications. METHODS: We identified eight randomized studies (1931 patients) reporting acute perioperative beta-blockade and major perioperative cardiovascular outcomes after non-cardiac surgery. The mean heart rates within the first 72 h after operation were analysed. A meta-analysis of means was conducted using a random effects model. A bivariate correlation analysis was conducted using Spearman's correlation coefficient to assess for an association between the mean postoperative heart rate and the 30 day cardiac outcomes. RESULTS: Acute perioperative beta-blockade did not significantly reduce 30 day cardiac death [odds ratio (OR) 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08-1.52] or non-fatal myocardial infarction (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.52-1.56) in the studies with adequate methodology. The mean (95% CI) heart rate was 73 (71-74) beats min(-1) in the beta-blockade group, which was significantly lower than the placebo group (mean heart rate 82, P=0.0001). There was no correlation between heart rate and 30 day cardiac complications (P=0.848). The reduction in heart rate was associated with increased drug-associated adverse events (OR 2.53, 95% CI 2.05-3.13, P<0.0001). A major limitation of this analysis may be that postoperative heart rate was not a primary outcome in any of the studies identified and the mean postoperative heart rate achieved may be too high to realize optimal cardioprotection. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis cannot confirm that heart rate control with beta-adrenergic blockade is cardioprotective. A randomized controlled trial examining the effect of tight perioperative heart rate control with beta-adrenergic blockade on clinically important outcomes and adverse events is warranted.     

A meta-analysis of the utility of pre-operative brain natriuretic peptide in predicting early and intermediate-term mortality and major adverse cardiac events in vascular surgical patients

We conducted a meta-analysis of the utility of pre-operative B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal-pro B-type natriuretic peptide in predicting early (< 30 days) and intermediate (< 180 days) term mortality and major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death and nonfatal myocardial infarction) in patients following vascular surgery. A Pubmed Central and EMBASE search was conducted up to January 2008. Of 81 studies identified, seven prospective observational studies were included in the meta-analysis representing five patient cohorts: early outcomes (504 patients) and intermediate-term outcomes (623 patients). A B-type natriuretic peptide or N-terminal-pro B-type natriuretic peptide above the optimal discriminatory threshold determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was associated with 30-day cardiac death (OR 7.6, 95% CI 1.33-43.4, p = 0.02), nonfatal myocardial infarction (OR 6.24, 95% CI 1.82-21.4, p = 0.004) and major adverse cardiac events (OR 17.37, 95% CI 3.31-91.15, p = 0.0007), and intermediate-term, all-cause mortality (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.85-5.2, p < 0.0001), nonfatal myocardial infarction (OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.17-7.46, p = 0.02) and major adverse cardiac events (OR 3.31, 95% CI 2.1-5.24, p < 0.00001). B-type natriuretic peptide and N-terminal-pro B-type natriuretic peptide are potentially useful pre-operative prognostic tests in vascular surgical patients.     

The effects of volatile anesthetics on cardiac ischemic complications and mortality in CABG: a meta-analysis

PURPOSE: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is associated with cardiac complications, including ischemia, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and death. Volatile anesthetics have been shown to have a preconditioning-like effect. This systematic review assesses the effects of volatile anesthetics on cardiac ischemic complications and morbidity after CABG. METHODS: Data were obtained, without language restriction, from searches of MEDLINE, Science Citation Index, PubMed, and reference lists. We included only prospective randomized controlled trials evaluating volatile anesthetics during CABG. Two reviewers independently abstracted data on myocardial ischemia, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and death. Treatment effects were calculated as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for binary data, and weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% CI for continuous data. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Thirty-two studies (2,841 patients) were included. In comparison with iv anesthesia, volatile anesthetics were associated with reduced all-cause mortality (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.36-1.18; P = 0.16). Enflurane was associated with increased AMI (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.68-2.64; P = 0.40), whereas sevoflurane and desflurane reduced cardiac troponin I (cTnI) at six hours, 12 hr, 24 hr [WMD, -1.45; 95% CI (-1.73, -1.16); P < 0.00001], and 48 hr after operation. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrates sevoflurane and desflurane reduce the postoperative rise in cTnI. Sevoflurane-mediated reduction in cardiac troponin was associated with improved long-term outcomes in one study. This meta-analysis was not able to show that these positive effects on troponin were translated into improved clinical outcomes. Well-designed large randomized control trials are needed to further elucidate the differential cardio-protective effects of volatile anesthetics.     

A meta-analysis of the utility of C-reactive protein in predicting early, intermediate-term and long term mortality and major adverse cardiac events in vascular surgical patients

We conducted a meta-analysis of the utility of pre-operative C reactive protein (CRP) in predicting early (< 30 days), intermediate (30–180 days) and long term (> 180 days) mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE; cardiac mortality and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) combined) following vascular surgery. Of 291 studies identified, ten prospective patient cohorts were identified. A pre-operative CRP > 3 mg.l⁻¹ was not associated with 30-day all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction or MACE. Intermediate-term all-cause mortality, cardiac death and MACE showed a trend to a worse outcome (odds ratio (OR) 9.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86–96.28, p = 0.07; OR 8.71, 95% CI 0.5–153.1, p = 0.14 and OR 2.81, 95% CI 0.78–5.18, p = 0.15 respectively). Long term all cause mortality (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.15–5.02, p = 0.02), cardiac death (OR 5.66, 95% CI 1.71–18.73, p = 0.005) and MACE (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.38–5.55, p = 0.004) were significantly increased.     

Dexmedetomidine and cardiac protection for non-cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

We conducted a systematic review of the effects of dexmedetomidine on cardiac outcomes following non-cardiac surgery. We included prospective, randomised peri-operative studies of dexmedetomidine that reported mortality, cardiac morbidity or adverse drug events. A PubMed Central and EMBASE search was conducted up to July 2007. The reference lists of identified papers were examined for further trials. Of 425 studies identified, 20 were included in the meta-analysis (840 patients). Dexmedetomidine was associated with a trend towards improved cardiac outcomes; all-cause mortality (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.01–7.13, p = 0.44), non-fatal myocardial infarction (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.04–1.60, p = 0.14), and myocardial ischaemia (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.26–1.63, p = 0.36). Peri-operative hypotension (26%, OR 3.80, 95% CI 1.91–7.54, p = 0.0001) and bradycardia (17%, OR 5.45, 95% CI 2.98–9.95, p < 0.00001) were significantly increased. An anticholinergic did not reduce the incidence of bradycardia (p  =  0.43). A randomised placebo-controlled trial of dexmedetomidine is warranted.     

Outcomes in vascular surgical patients with isolated postoperative troponin leak: a meta-analysis

Although peri-operative myocardial infarction remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality following vascular surgery, the significance of an isolated troponin leak is uncertain. This is an elevation of troponin below the diagnostic threshold for a peri-operative myocardial infarction, without symptoms or ischaemic electrocardiography changes or echocardiography signs such as new regional wall motion abnormalities. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the early (< 30 days) and intermediate (< 180 days) outcomes of vascular surgical patients with an isolated troponin leak. A full literature search up to December 2010 identified 593 studies, of which nine (consisting of eight distinct patient cohorts) underwent analysis. An isolated troponin leak was strongly predictive of all-cause mortality at 30 days (OR 5.03, 95% CI 2.88-8.79, p < 0.00001). The associated 30-day mortality in patients with no troponin elevation, an isolated troponin leak or peri-operative myocardial infarction was 2.3%, 11.6% and 21.6%, respectively (p = 0.000001). Insufficient data were available to analyse intermediate-term outcomes. An isolated troponin leak following vascular surgery is strongly associated with short-term mortality.     

全髋关节置换术患者延迟出院的危险因素分析

目的分析全髋关节置换术患者延迟出院的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年7月择期行单侧全髋关节置换术患者的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、BMI、ASA分级、手术时间、麻醉方式、术中失血量、术中输液量、术中阿片类药物用量、术中血管活性药物用量、PACU停留时间、术后随访静息疼痛评分、术前住院时间、术前合并症、术后并发症及转归情况。根据术后住院时间将患者分为两组:正常出院组(术后住院时间≤14 d)和延迟出院组(术后住院时间>14 d),采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析影响延迟出院的因素。结果共纳入908例患者。单因素分析显示,与正常出院组比较,延迟出院组的年龄明显偏高,术中失血量明显增多,手术时间、PACU停留时间、术前住院时间明显延长,术前合并症、术后并发症明显增多(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥70岁(OR=2.075,95%CI 1.287~3.346,P=0.003)、手术时间>3 h(OR=1.997,95%CI 1.181~3.375,P=0.010)、术中失血量≥800 ml(OR=2.898,95%CI 1.449~5.794,P=0.003)、PACU时间>60 min(OR=1.745,95%CI 1.064~2.859,P=0.027)、术前住院时间≥7 d(OR=1.805,95%CI 1.114~2.924,P=0.016)、术前有合并症≥2个(OR=2.912,95%CI 1.513~5.825,P=0.003)是导致患者延迟出院的独立危险因素。结论患者年龄、术中失血量、手术时间、PACU停留时间、术前住院时间及术前合并症是全髋关节置换术后出院延迟的独立危险因素,针对危险因素进行有效干预是缩短住院时间改善患者预后的重要策略。     

Postoperative outcomes in older surgical patients with preoperative cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Study objectiveTo determine the effect of cognitive impairment (CI) and dementia on adverse outcomes in older surgical patients.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Various databases were searched from their inception dates to March 8, 2021.SettingPreoperative assessment.PatientsOlder patients (≥ 60 years) undergoing non-cardiac surgery.MeasurementsOutcomes included postoperative delirium, mortality, discharge to assisted care, 30-day readmissions, postoperative complications, and length of hospital stay. Effect sizes were calculated as Odds Ratio (OR) and Mean Difference (MD) based on random effect model analysis. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk Bias Tool for RCTs and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational cohort studies.ResultsFifty-three studies (196,491 patients) were included. Preoperative CI was associated with a significant risk of delirium in older patients after non-cardiac surgery (25.1% vs. 10.3%; OR: 3.84; 95%CI: 2.35, 6.26; I²: 76%; p < 0.00001). Cognitive impairment (26.2% vs. 13.2%; OR: 2.28; 95%CI: 1.39, 3.74; I²: 73%; p = 0.001) and dementia (41.6% vs. 25.5%; OR: 1.96; 95%CI: 1.34, 2.88; I²: 99%; p = 0.0006) significantly increased risk for 1-year mortality. In patients with CI, there was an increased risk of discharge to assisted care (44.7% vs. 38.3%; OR 1.74; 95%CI: 1.05, 2.89, p = 0.03), 30-day readmissions (14.3% vs. 10.8%; OR: 1.36; 95%CI: 1.00, 1.84, p = 0.05), and postoperative complications (40.7% vs. 18.8%; OR: 1.85; 95%CI: 1.37, 2.49; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsPreoperative CI in older surgical patients significantly increases risk of delirium, 1-year mortality, discharge to assisted care, 30-day readmission, and postoperative complications. Dementia increases the risk of 1-year mortality. Cognitive screening in the preoperative assessment for older surgical patients may be helpful for risk stratification so that appropriate management can be implemented to mitigate adverse postoperative outcomes.     

Incidence,characteristics and risk factors for perioperative cardiac arrest and 30-day-mortality in preterm infants requiring non-cardiac surgery

Study objectiveTo determine 30-day-mortality, incidence and characteristics of perioperative cardiac arrest as well as the respective independent risk factors in preterm infants undergoing non-cardiac surgery.DesignRetrospective observational Follow-up-study.SettingBielefeld University Hospital, a German tertiary care hospital.PatientsPopulation of 229 preterm infants (age < 37th gestational week at the time of surgery) who underwent non-cardiac surgery between 01/2008–12/2018.MeasurementsPrimary endpoint was overall 30-day-mortality. Secondary endpoints were the incidence of perioperative cardiac arrest and identification of independent risk factors. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses and calculated odds ratios (OR) for risk factors associated with these endpoints.Main results30-day-mortality was 10.9% and perioperative mortality 0.9%. Univariate risk factors for 30-day-mortality were perioperative cardiac arrest (OR,12.5;95%CI,3.1 to 50.3), comorbidities of lungs (OR,3.7;95%CI,1.2 to 11.3) and gastrointestinal tract (OR,3.5;95%CI,1.3 to 9.6); sepsis (OR,3.6;95%CI,1.4 to 9.5); surgery between 22:01–7:00 (OR,7.3;95%CI,2.4 to 21.7); emergency (OR,4.5;95%CI,1.6 to 12.4); pre-existing catecholamine therapy (OR,5.0;95%CI,2.1 to 11.9). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that perioperative cardiac arrest (OR,13.9;95%CI,2.7 to 71.3), low body weight (weight < 1000 g: OR,26.0;95%CI,3.2 to 212; 1000-1499 g: OR,10.3; 95%CI,1.1 to 94.9 compared to weight > 2000 g), and time of surgery (OR,5.9;95%CI,1.6 to 21.3) for 22:01–7:00 compared to 7:01–15:00) were the major independent risk factors of mortality. Incidence of perioperative cardiac arrests was 3.9% (9 of 229;95%CI,1.8 to 7.3). Univariate risk factors were congenital anomalies of the airways (OR,4.7;95%CI,1.2 to 20.3), lungs (OR,4.7;95%CI,1.2 to 20.3) and heart (OR,8.0;95%CI,2 to 32.2), pre-existing catecholamine therapy (OR,59.5;95%CI,3.4 to 1039), specifically, continuous infusions of epinephrine (OR,432;95%CI,43.2 to 4318).Conclusions30-day-mortality and the incidence of perioperative cardiac arrest of preterms undergoing non-cardiac surgery were higher than previously reported. The identified independent risk factors may improve interdisciplinary perioperative risk assessment, optimal preoperative stabilization and scheduling of optimal surgical timing.