关节置换术患者椎管内麻醉和全身麻醉术后并发症发生情况比较的Meta分析

计算机检索比较关节置换术患者椎管内麻醉和全身麻醉效果的临床随机对照试验,文献检索至2008年10月,并发症包括深静脉血栓、肺栓塞、硬膜外血肿.采用Cochrane协作网提供的RevMan 5.0统计软件行Meta分析.共纳入12项前瞻性临床随机对照研究,1023例患者.Meta分析结果显示,对于围术期未行抗凝治疗的关节置换术患者,椎管内麻醉较全身麻醉可降低术后深静脉血栓和肺栓塞的发生率,而抗凝治疗后发生率无差异;无论是否行抗凝治疗,采用该两种麻醉方法后均未并发硬膜外血肿.     

喉罩与气管插管在患儿全身麻醉气道管理中的安全性Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析比较喉罩与气管插管在患儿全身麻醉气道管理中的安全性及有效性。方法计算机检索Cochrane、Pubmed、Web of Science、Embase、万方和中国知网等数据库,检索时间从建库到2019年7月,纳入比较喉罩与气管插管在患儿全身麻醉气道管理中应用的临床随机对照试验(RCT)。由两位研究员按照纳入与排除标准选择试验、提取资料,并根据Cochrane系统手册提供的质量评价标准评价纳入研究质量,采用RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析。主要结局指标包括术后喉痉挛及咽喉疼痛的发生率,次要结局指标包括术后咳嗽、声嘶的发生率、MAP和HR的波动等。结果最终纳入35项RCT,共3 010例患儿,其中喉罩组1 502例,气管插管组1 508例。Meta分析结果显示:与气管插管组比较,喉罩组术后喉痉挛(RR=0.36,95%CI 0.24～0.54,P0.001)、咽喉疼痛(RR=0.32,95%CI 0.25～0.42,P0.001)的发生率明显降低;喉罩组支气管痉挛、术后咳嗽、低氧血症及术后声嘶的发生率明显降低(P0.005);喉罩组麻醉诱导期间MAP和HR的波动明显较小(P0.001)。两组术后黏膜损伤、恶心呕吐、反流误吸、胃肠胀气及一次置入成功率差异无统计学意义。结论患儿全身麻醉时选择喉罩可以有效降低喉痉挛和咽喉疼痛,且对患儿的血压、心率影响较小。     

加巴喷丁术前用药在开腹子宫切除术后镇痛效应的Meta分析

目的系统评价加巴喷丁术前用药对开腹子宫切除术患者术前用药的效果及安全性。方法电子检索PubMed、Cochrane、Embase、Ovid、Springer Link、Web of Science、CNKI、万方、维普等数据库,收集2000~2016年发表的加巴喷丁术前用药的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)文献,按Cochrane指导手册的方法选择文献、提取资料及评价研究质量后,采用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入10篇RCT文献,共计609例患者。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组比较,加巴喷丁组术后24h阿片类麻醉药物的累积用量明显减少(WMD=-8.83mg,95%CI-12.70~-4.97,P0.001);VAS评分无明显降低(WMD=-7.70mm,95%CI-18.22~2.82,P=0.15);呕吐的发生率明显降低(RR=0.49,95%CI 0.35~0.69,P0.001)。两组术后24h内恶心的发生率(RR=0.73,95%CI 0.45~1.17,P=0.19)和嗜睡的发生率(RR=2.08,95%CI0.62~6.92,P=0.23)差异无统计学意义。结论开腹子宫切除术的患者加巴喷丁术前用药能够有效地降低阿片类麻醉药物的累积用量,减少呕吐的发生率,而对术后疼痛、恶心以及嗜睡无明显影响。     

乳腺手术患者胸椎旁神经阻滞与全身麻醉效果比较的Meta分析

目的采用系统评价和Meta分析方法比较乳腺手术患者行胸椎旁神经阻滞(TPVB)和全身麻醉(GA)的效果。方法检索Medline、Springer、Cochrane图书馆、CNKI、万方数据库及维普数据库,收集比较TPVB与GA在乳腺手术麻醉效果的随机对照试验(RCT)。应用Stata 11.0和RevMan 5.1软件进行Meta分析。结果获得符合标准的RCT研究5个,共计295例患者,其中TPVB组148例,GA组147例。Meta分析结果显示,TPVB组术后疼痛评分明显高于GA组(SMD2.59,95%CI 1.10~4.08),TPVB组术后镇痛药使用例次明显少于GA组(RR 0.23,95%CI 0.15~0.37),TPVB组术后恶心呕吐发生率明显低于GA组(RR 0.27,95%CI 0.12~0.61)。结论与GA比较,TPVB在乳腺手术后具有较高的疼痛评分和较低的镇痛药用量和不良反应发生率。     

昂丹司琼预防麻醉后寒战有效性和安全性的Meta分析

目的评价昂丹司琼预防麻醉后寒战的有效性和安全性。方法计算机检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、CNKI、万方、维普等数据库,检索时间为建库至2018年8月,纳入以昂丹司琼预防麻醉后寒战为研究目的,研究组为昂丹司琼,对照组为生理盐水或哌替啶或曲马多的随机对照试验,采用RevMan 5.3对数据进行Meta分析,根据不同对照组、不同麻醉方式及不同剂量进行亚组分析。结果共纳入16项研究,1 443例受试者。有效性方面,研究组寒战发生率明显低于生理盐水组(RR=0.42,95%CI 0.35～0.51,P0.001);与哌替啶组(RR=0.68,95%CI 0.44～1.05,P=0.09)及曲马多组(RR=2.07,95%CI 0.90～4.75,P=0.09)差异无统计学意义;在3个不同麻醉方式亚组(RR=0.44,95%CI 0.36～0.54,P0.001),2个不同剂量亚组(RR=0.41,95%CI 0.34～0.49,P0.001)中,研究组寒战发生率明显低于生理盐水组。安全性方面,研究组术后恶心呕吐发生率明显低于生理盐水组(RR=0.27,95%CI 0.16～0.46,P0.001)。结论昂丹司琼可有效预防麻醉后寒战的发生,其效果与哌替啶、曲马多相当,并且可明显减少术后恶心呕吐的发生。     

关节置换术与内固定术治疗老年人移位型股骨颈骨折的系统评价

目的 系统评价关节置换术和内固定术治疗老年人移位型股骨颈骨折的疗效. 方法 计算机检索Medline(1966年1月至2009年9月),荷兰医学文摘(1966年1月至2009年9月),Cochrane图书馆(2008年第1期)、中国生物医学文献数据库(截止2009年9月),中国学术期刊网(截止2009年9月),手工检索相关参考文献及中文期刊,收集所有关节置换术与内固定术比较治疗老年人(>60岁)移位型股骨颈骨折的随机对照试验(RCT),筛选出符合纳入标准的文献,对其进行严格的质量评价后应用RevMan4.2.8软件进行Meta分析. 结果 共纳入18个RCT,包含2561例患者.Meta分析结果显示,关节置换术术后2年再手术率(RR=0.13,95%CI 0.09～0.17)、5年再手术率(RR=0.11,95%CI 0.06～0.22)及术后2年主要并发症发生率(RR=0.20,95% CI 0.15～0.27)、5年主要并发症发生率(RR=0.18,95% CI 0.1 1～0.30)均低于内固定术.但二者术后1个月和2年病死率差异均无统计学意义(RR=1.42,95%CI 0.89～2.24;RR=1.01,95%CI 0.86～1.18).结论 与内固定术相比,关节置换术治疗老年人移位型股骨颈骨折可明显降低术后主要并发症的发生率及再次手术率,但两种术式的术后2年病死率无明显差异.     

氨甲环酸局部与静脉应用在初次单侧全髋关节置换围手术期安全性及有效性的Meta分析

[目的]用Meta分析的方法探讨局部与静脉应用氨甲环酸(tranexamic acid,TXA)对全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)的安全性及有效性。[方法]计算机检索Pub Med、EBSCO、The Cochrane Library数据库、中国知网、万方数据库,检索内容为关于局部应用TXA减少THA出血量的临床随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)和半随机对照试验(q RCT),检索时限为1999年1月~2016年6月。按纳入、排除标准进行文献筛选和质量评估,应用Rev Man 5.2软件进行Meta分析。[结果]纳入8篇文献,2 144例患者,局部应用氨甲环酸组789例,静脉组1 355例。Meta分析结果显示:(1)安全性:局部组与静脉组相比,术后深静脉血栓(DVT)发生率[RR=0.76,95%CI(0.22,2.59),P=0.66]、肺栓塞(PE)发生率[RR=0.73,95%CI(0.08,7.02),P=0.79]、切口感染率[RR=1.26,95%CI(0.54,2.93),P=0.59]差异均无统计学意义;(2)有效性:局部组与静脉组对比,术后总失血量[WMD=16.75,95%CI(-30.07,63.57),P=0.48]、血红蛋白下降值[WMD=0.30,95%CI(0.02,0.58),P=0.03]、输血率[RR=1.37,95%CI(0.97,1.93),P=0.07]差异均无统计学意义。[结论]初次单侧全髋关节置换术局部应用氨甲环酸与静脉应用相比具有相当的安全性和有效性。     

中西医结合治疗老年髋部骨折患者深静脉血栓疗效的 Meta分析

目的:系统评价中西医结合防治老年髋部骨折患者深静脉血栓(DVT)的有效性。方法:计算机检索知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science。检索自建库至 2021年 5月 17日,搜集所有关于中西医结合组对比单纯西医组防治老年髋部骨折患者深静脉血栓的随机对照试验( RCT)研究,由 2位研究者独立筛选文献,提取资料,并根据 Cochrane偏倚风险指标进行质量评价,采用 RevMan 5.4软件进行 Meta分析。结果:共纳入 20篇文献, 1714例患者。 Meta分析结果显示:中西医结合组 DVT的发生率为 [RR=0.19,95%CI(0.11, 0.32), P<0.001];D-二聚体水平 [SMD=-1.59,95%CI(-2.09,-1.09),P<0.001]、血小板计数 (PLT)水平 [MD=-9.45,95%CI     

颈部与胸部吻合对食管癌术后并发症影响的系统评价与Meta分析

目的评价颈部与胸部吻合对食管癌切除患者并发症的影响。方法计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library(2014年第10期)、Web of Science、CBM、CNKI、VIP和万方数据库,检索时限均为各数据库建库至2014年10月30日,收集颈部吻合与胸部吻合对食管癌切除患者并发症影响的随机对照试验(RCT),评价纳入文献质量,用RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果纳入4个RCT,共267例患者。Meta分析结果显示:两组吻合口瘘发生率差异有统计学意义(RR=3.83,95%CI 1.70~8.63,P=0.001),颈部吻合高于胸部吻合。而两组吻合口狭窄发生率(RR=1.04,95%CI 0.62~1.76,P=0.87)、肺部并发症发生率(RR=0.73,95%CI 0.27~1.91,P=0.52)和死亡率(RR=0.89,95%CI 0.40~1.97,P=0.77)差异均无统计学意义。结论与胸部吻合相比较,颈部吻合提高了术后吻合口瘘的发生率,但关于术后吻合口狭窄和肺部并发症等仍存在不确定因素,有待进一步研究。     

椎管内阻滞对心脏事件高危患者行非心脏手术后心肌梗死影响的Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析比较椎管内阻滞[包括硬膜外阻滞(epidural anesthesia,EA)和蛛网膜下腔阻滞(spinal anesthesia,SA)]复合全身麻醉(general anesthesia,GA)对非心脏手术后心肌梗死的影响。方法检索中文数据库(中国生物医学文献服务系统、中国知网、万方、维普)和英文数据库(Medline、PubMed、EBSCO、Springer、Ovid、Cochrane Library、Google scholar);收集椎管内阻滞对非心脏手术患者术后心肌梗死及死亡率影响的随机对照试验(RCT),并采用RevMan 5.3软件进行统计分析。结果共纳入10篇RCT(n=21 859)。Meta分析结果显示:EA复合GA与单纯GA非心脏手术术后7d内(OR=0.44,95%CI 0.13~1.46,P=0.18)和30d内(OR=1.49,95%CI 0.89~2.49,P=0.13)内心肌梗死发生率差异无统计学意义;EA复合GA与单纯GA术后30d内(OR=1.26,95%CI 0.84~1.88,P=0.26)全因死亡率差异无统计学意义。SA与GA术后7d内心肌梗死发生率(OR=1.14,95%CI 0.31~4.17,P=0.84)和术后30d内全因死亡率(OR=0.88,95%CI 0.43~1.79,P=0.73)差异无统计学意义。结论椎管内阻滞并未降低心脏事件高危患者行中高危非心脏手术后心肌梗死发生率及死亡率。     

Spinal anaesthesia

Spinal anaesthesia is the injection of local anaesthetic into the subarachnoid space. It is a simple technique that can be used to provide surgical anaesthesia for procedures involving the abdomen, pelvis and lower limbs. To perform the technique safely it is important to understand the physiology of the block and the pharmacology of the drugs commonly used. Although serious complications are rare, they must be recognized and managed quickly.     

Maintenance of anaesthesia

The anaesthetist must have a sound pharmacological knowledge with respect to maintenance of general anaesthesia but this is by no means their sole responsibility during this, the longest phase of anaesthesia. The anaesthetist must be constantly vigilant to detect those factors that might jeopardize patient wellbeing or safety as well as giving consideration to those paraclinical matters in the wider context of healthcare service provision.     

Regional anaesthesia for eye surgery

Many ophthalmic procedures are conducted under a range of local anaesthetic techniques. These range from topical drops through to sharp needle blocks with local anaesthetic. The most commonly used block is the sub-Tenon block; it provides excellent operating conditions while reducing complications and risks.     

Regional anaesthesia in ambulatory surgery

Regional anaesthesia provides many advantages and can be practised safely in ambulatory surgery. It provides better postoperative pain control, avoids many complications associated with general anaesthesia and shortens recovery time. However, extra time required, associated complications and acceptance of patients are the factors of concern in practising regional anaesthesia in an ambulatory setting. This review will discuss various regional anaesthesia techniques suitable for outpatients.     

Failed tracheal intubation during obstetric general anaesthesia: a literature review

We reviewed the literature on obstetric failed tracheal intubation from 1970 onwards. The incidence remained unchanged over the period at 2.6 (95% CI 2.0 to 3.2) per 1000 anaesthetics (1 in 390) for obstetric general anaesthesia and 2.3 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.9) per 1000 general anaesthetics (1 in 443) for caesarean section. Maternal mortality from failed intubation was 2.3 (95% CI 0.3 to 8.2) per 100 000 general anaesthetics for caesarean section (one death per 90 failed intubations). Maternal deaths occurred from aspiration or hypoxaemia secondary to airway obstruction or oesophageal intubation. There were 3.4 (95% CI 0.7 to 9.9) front-of-neck airway access procedures (surgical airway) per 100 000 general anaesthetics for caesarean section (one procedure per 60 failed intubations), usually carried out as a late rescue attempt with poor maternal outcomes. Before the late 1990s, most cases were awakened after failed intubation; since the late 1990s, general anaesthesia has been continued in the majority of cases. When general anaesthesia was continued, a laryngeal mask was usually used but with a trend towards use of a second-generation supraglottic airway device. A prospective study of obstetric general anaesthesia found that transient maternal hypoxaemia occurred in over two-thirds of cases of failed intubation, usually without sequelae. Pulmonary aspiration occurred in 8% but the rate of maternal intensive care unit admission after failed intubation was the same as that after uneventful general anaesthesia. Poor neonatal outcomes were often associated with preoperative fetal compromise, although failed intubation and lowest maternal oxygen saturation were independent predictors of neonatal intensive care unit admission.     

Calling the patient's own name facilitates recovery from general anaesthesia: a randomised double‐blind trial

People can hear and pay attention to familiar terms such as their own name better than general terms, referred to as the cocktail party effect. We performed a prospective, randomised, double‐blind trial to investigate whether calling the patient's name compared with a general term facilitated a patient's response and recovery from general anaesthesia. We enrolled women having breast cancer surgery with general anaesthesia using propofol and remifentanil. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups depending on whether the patient's name or a general term was called, followed by the verbal command – ‘open your eyes!’ – during emergence from anaesthesia; this pre‐recorded sentence was played to the patient using headphones. Fifty patients were allocated to the name group and 51 to the control group. Our primary outcome was the time from discontinuation of anaesthesia until eye opening. The mean (SD) time was 337 (154) s in the name group and 404 (170) s in the control group (p = 0.041). The time to i‐gel^® removal was 385 (152) vs. 454 (173) s (p = 0.036), the time until achieving a bispectral index of 60 was 174 (133) vs. 205 (160) s (p = 0.3), and the length of stay in the postanaesthesia care unit was 43.8 (3.4) vs. 47.3 (7.1) min (p = 0.005), respectively. In conclusion, using the patient's name may be an easy and effective method to facilitate recovery from general anaesthesia.