盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤时缺氧诱导因子-1α表达的影响

目的 评价盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤时缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)表达的影响.方法 健康成年雌性SD大鼠120只,体重180 ～ 220 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=40):对照组(C组)、急性肺损伤组(ALI组)和盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药组(P组).采用腹腔注射内毒素5 mg/kg制备大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤模型.C组腹腔注射等量生理盐水,P组于注射内毒素前30 min时腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚2 mg/kg.于注射内毒素后2、4、8和24 h时各组随机取8只大鼠处死取肺,采用RT-PCR法检测肺组织HIF-1α mRNA的表达.于注射内毒素后6h时随机取8只大鼠处死取肺,测定湿干重比(W/D比),用ELISA法检测肺组织IL-6的含量,光镜下观察肺组织病理学结果.结果 与C组比较,ALI组和P组注射内毒素后6h时W/D比、IL-6含量、各时点HIF-1α表达水平升高(P＜0.05);与ALI组比较,P组注射内毒素后6h时W/D比、IL-6含量、各时点HIF-1α表达水平降低(P＜0.05).P组肺组织病理学损伤程度较ALI组减轻.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药通过下调肺组织HIF-1α表达,抑制炎性反应,从而减轻大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对失血性休克大鼠急性肺损伤时TLR4 mRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对失血性休克大鼠急性肺损伤时Toll样受体4(TLR4)mRNA表达的影响.方法 健康SD大鼠40只,体重200～250 g,随机分为5组(n=8):假手术组(S组)、失血性休克致急性肺损伤组(ALI组)和低、中、高剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药组(P1～3组).S组仅行动静脉穿刺,不放血,ALI组股动脉放血至35～45 mm Hg制备急性肺损伤模型,P1～3组分别于放血前30 min股静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.3、1.0、3.0 mg/kg,随后制备急性肺损伤模型.各组复苏后4 h时处死大鼠取肺,称重后计算肺湿干重比,检测TLR4 mRNA和NF-κB p65蛋白的表达水平,观察病理学结果.结果 与S组比较,ALI组和P1组TLR4 mRNA、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平及肺湿干重比升高(P＜0.05或0.01),P2.3组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与ALI组比较,P2,3组TLR4 mRNA、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平及肺湿干重比降低(P＜0.05或0.01);P2组和P3组上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).P2,3组肺组织病理学损伤程度较ALI组明显减轻.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药可通过抑制肺组织TLR4 mRNA表达上调,进而降低NF-κB活性,从而减轻失血性休克诱发大鼠的急性肺损伤.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对失血性休克大鼠急性肺损伤时NF-κB活性的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对失血性休克大鼠急性肺损伤时NF-κB活性的影响.方法 健康成年Wistar大鼠24只,体重200～250 g,雌雄不限,随机分为3组(n=8):假手术组(S组)、失血性休克致急性肺损伤组(ALI组)和盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药组(P组).S组仅行动、静脉穿刺,不制备急性肺损伤模型;ALI组和P组经右侧颈内动脉穿刺置管监测BP,左侧股动脉置管放血,通过放血和回输血液维持BP 35～45 mm Hg 1 h,然后回输全部失血及等同于失血量的生理盐水,制备急性肺损伤模型;P组于放血前即刻静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚2 mg/kg. 于模型制备成功后6 h,采集右侧股动脉血样行血气分析,采用ELISA法测定右心房血浆TNF-α浓度,计算肺湿干重比,采用免疫组织化学法检测右肺组织NF-κB p65的表达,光镜下观察肺组织病理学.结果 与S组比较,Au组和P组PaO2降低,PaCO2、肺湿干重比、TNF-α浓度升高,NF-κB p65表达上调(P<0.05);与ALI组相比,P组PaO2升高,PaCO2、肺湿干重比、TNF-α浓度降低,NF-κB p65表达下调(P<0.05).病理结果显示:P组肺组织损伤较ALI组明显减轻.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药可通过降低肺组织NF-κB的活性抑制炎性反应,从而减轻失血性休克诱发大鼠的急性肺损伤.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对内毒素性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达及SOD活性的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对内毒素性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达及SOD活性的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠32只,月龄2月,体重230～280 g,随机分为4组(n=8),对照组(C组)腹腔和尾静脉均注射生理盐水1 ml/kg;急性肺损伤组(ALI组):腹腔注射生理盐水1 ml/kg,30 min后经尾静脉注射LPS 5 mg/kg;盐酸戊乙奎醚低剂量组(LP组)、高剂量组(HP组)分别腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.3和1 mg/kg,30 min后经尾静脉注射LPS 5 mg/kg.静脉注射生理盐水或LPS后6 h时,取肺组织,检测NF-κB mRNA的表达、TNF-α和MDA的含量和SOD活性,计算肺组织湿/干重比(W/D)及含水量,观察肺组织病理学结果.结果 与C组比较,ALI组、LP组和HP组肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达上调,TNF-α及MDA含量升高,SOD活性降低,W/D和肺组织含水量升高(P＜0.05);与ALI组比较,LP组和HP组肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达下调,TNF-α及MDA含量降低,SOD活性升高,W/D和肺组织含水量降低(P＜0.05);与LP组比较,HP组肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达下调,TNF-α及MDA含量降低,SOD活性升高,W/D和肺组织含水量降低(P＜0.05).LP组和HP组肺组织病理学损伤较ALI组减轻.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药减轻大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤的机制可能与下调肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达,降低肺局部炎性反应,增强机体抗氧化能力有关.     

戊乙奎醚预先给药对大鼠急性肺损伤时NF-κB的影响

目的 探讨戊乙奎醚预先给药对大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)时NF-κB的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠35只,体重210～280 g,随机分为5组(n=7):对照组(C组)、ALI组和低、中、高剂量戊乙奎醚组(P1-3组).采用经尾静脉注射内毒素5 mg/kg的方法建立大鼠ALI模型.C组和ALI组经腹腔注射生理盐水0.5 ml,P1～3组分别经腹腔注射戊乙奎醚0.03、0.1和3 mg/kg,30 min后ALI组、P1～3组制备AU模型,C组不制备模型.于静脉注射LPS后4 h时,行血气分析,计算氧合指数;称量肺组织湿重(W)、干重(D),计算W/D;采用比色法测定肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性;采用RT-PCR法测定肺组织肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)mRNA、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)mRNA的表达水平;采用ELISA法测定肺组织TNF-α和IL-1β的含量;采用非放射性EMSA法测定肺组织NF-κB活性;采用免疫组织化学法测定肺组织NF-κB的表达水平.结果 与C组比较,其余各组氧合指数降低,肺组织W/D和MPO活性、TNF-α,IL-1β含量及其相应mRNA表达水平、NF-κB活性和表达水平均升高(P<0.05或0.01);与ALI组比较,P1～3组氧合指数升高,肺组织W/D和MPO活性降低,TNF-α、IL-1β含量及其相应mRNA表达水平降低,NF-κB活性和表达水平降低(P<0.05);P1～3组上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 戊乙奎醚预先给药减轻大鼠急性肺损伤的机制可能与抑制NF-κB的活化,下调NF-κB的表达,降低肺组织炎性反应有关.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对新生大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤时NF-κB活性的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对新生大鼠内毒索性急性肺损伤时NF-kB活性的影响.方法 健康新生Wistar大鼠30只,雌雄不拘,日龄7 d,体重18～21 g,随机分为3组(n=10):对照组(C组)、急性肺损伤组(ALI组)和盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药组(P组).采用腹腔注射内毒素3 mg/kg的方法制备急性肺损伤模型,P组腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.5 mg/kg,30 min后制备模型,C组腹腔注射等容量生理盐水.于腹腔注射内毒素4 h时处死大鼠取肺,称重后计算肺湿,干重比,电镜下观察肺组织病理学结果,采用免疫组织化学法检测NF-kB p65的表达水平,采用酶联免疫吸附法测定TNF-α、IL-1 β及IL-10的含量.结果 与C组比较,ALI 组和P组肺湿/干重比、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10含量及NF-KB p65表达水平升高(P＜0.05);与ALI 组比较,P组肺湿/干重比、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10含量及NF-kBp65表达水平降低(P＜0.05).病理学结果显示:P组肺组织损伤程度较ALI组明显减轻.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药可通过抑制肺组织NF-kB活化,降低炎性反应,减轻新生大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对重症急性胰腺炎时肺损伤防治作用的研究

目的研究盐酸戊乙奎醚对重症急性胰腺炎(severacutepancreatitis,SAP)时急性肺损伤(acutelunginjury,ALI)的防治作用。方法本实验采用胰管逆行注射1·5%去氧胆酸钠制成SAP时ALI大鼠模型,随机分为三组:模型加盐酸戊乙奎醚治疗组(PHCD组);模型组(SAP组);假手术组(SHAM组)。分别于造模后24h活杀,测定动脉血气,血清和肺组织匀浆中的肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的含量,肺湿/干系数。结果SAP组血清及组织匀浆中TNF-α、IL-6均较SHAM组明显升高(P<0·05),动脉血气显示肺损伤严重,肺湿/干比值较SHAM组明显升高,肺通透性明显升高,肺病理学形态改变加重。PHCD组血清及组织匀浆中TNF-α、IL-6均较SAP组明显降低(P<0·05),动脉血气显示肺功能较SAP组明显改善,肺湿/干比值较SAP组明显降低(P<0·05),肺病理形态学基本上接近正常。结论盐酸戊乙奎醚通过抑制TNF-α、IL-6的产生对SAP时ALI起到一定防治作用。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对内毒素血症大鼠全身炎性反应的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚对内毒素血症大鼠血清TNF-α、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS),肺组织NF-κB亚基p65亲和肽(NF-κB p65)含量的影响. 方法 健康SD大鼠60只,采用随机数字表法分为5组(每组12只):对照组(C组)、内毒素组(LPS组)、LPS+低剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(P1组)、LPS+中剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(P2组)、LPS+高剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(P3组).LPS组腹腔注射内毒素8 mg/kg制备内毒素血症模型,C组给予等量生理盐水,P1组～P3组给予相应剂量的盐酸戊乙奎醚5 min后注射LPS,给药6h后处死动物取标本.采用ELISA检测血清TNF-α含量,采用比色法测血清iNOS活力,Western blot检测肺组织NF-κB p65含量,并观察肺组织病理学改变. 结果 与C组比较,LPS组、P1组、P2组、P3组血清TNF-α含量显著升高(P＜0.05),iNOS活力水平明显升高(P＜0.05),肺组织NF-κB p65表达明显增高(P＜0.05);与LPS组比较,P2组、P3组血清TNF-α、iNOS活力水平和肺组织NF-κB p65含量均下降(P＜0.05),而P1组TNF-α、iNOS活力和NF-κB p65表达水平,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);P2组、P3组间各指标表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);P2组、P3组肺组织病理学损伤程度明显轻于LPS组(P＜0.05). 结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚可能通过下调TNF-α、NF-κB p65的表达,减少iNOS活化来抑制内毒素休克大鼠全身炎症反应.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对脓毒症大鼠肺组织炎性反应的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚对脓毒症大鼠肺组织炎性反应的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠96只,随机分为4组(n=24):假手术组(S组)、盲肠结扎穿孔组(CLP组)、小剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PH1组)和大剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PH2组).PH1组和PH2组于CLP后即刻分别经尾静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.1、0.3 mg/kg(用生理盐水稀释至1 ml/kg),S组和CLP组分别给予等容量生理盐水.分别于CLP后3、6、12和24 h(每个时点6只大鼠)经左心室采血,测定血浆中性粒细胞CD11b表达,采血后处死大鼠,观察肺组织中性粒细胞浸润及病理学结果,测定肺组织肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量,CLP后6 h时测定肺组织NF-κB表达及肺血管内皮细胞(PVEC)ICAM-1表达.结果 与S组比较,CLP组、PH1组和PH2组肺组织中性粒细胞计数、TNF-α含量、NF-κB和PVEC ICAM-1表达升高,CLP组及PH1组血浆中性粒细胞CD11b表达升高(P＜0.05或0.01);与CLP组比较,PH1组和PH2组肺组织中性粒细胞计数、TNF-α含量、NF-κB及PVEC ICAM-1表达及血浆中性粒细胞CD11b表达降低(P＜0.05或0.01);与PH1组比较,PH2组肺组织NF-κB、PVEC ICAM-1表达及血浆中性粒细胞CD11b表达降低(P＜0.05或0.01).结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚可通过降低肺组织NF-κB、TNF-α和PVEC ICAM-1水平,下调血浆中性粒细胞CD11b表达,减少肺组织中性粒细胞的浸润,减轻了脓毒症大鼠肺损伤.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对新生大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤时肺氧化应激和细胞凋亡的影响

目的评价盐酸戊乙奎醚对新生大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)时肺氧化应激和细胞凋亡的影响。方法清洁级健康雄性Wistar大鼠30只,7日龄,体重12~18g。采用随机数字表法分为三组:盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PHC组)、ALI组和生理盐水组(NS组),每组10只。PHC组和ALI组大鼠腹腔注射内毒素5.0mg/kg制备ALI模型。PHC组于内毒素注射前1h腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚2.0mg/kg,NS组和ALI组给予等容量生理盐水。于注射内毒素4h后处死大鼠取肺组织标本,计算肺湿/干重比(W/D),采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛(MDA)浓度,黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定大鼠超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,免疫组织化学法测定细胞色素C(Cyt-C)、半胱氨酸天冬蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)的含量,TUNEL法计数凋亡细胞,计算细胞凋亡指数(AI)。结果与NS组比较,ALI组和PHC组肺W/D和MDA浓度明显升高,SOD活性明显降低(P0.05);与ALI组比较,PHC组肺W/D和MDA浓度明显降低,SOD活性明显升高(P0.05)。与NS组比较,ALI组和PHC组Cyt-C、Caspase-3含量和AI明显升高;与ALI组比较,PHC组Cyt-C、Caspase-3含量和AI明显降低(P0.05)。结论盐酸戊乙奎醚可能通过抑制肺组织氧化应激和细胞凋亡,减轻新生大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤。     

Severe acute respiratory syndrome mimicking acute abdomen

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a novel epidemic disease. The clinical presentation can sometimes be very non-specific. The present study reports a case of SARS, which presented as acute abdomen, warranting laparotomy. The atypical presentation in the present case reminded us of the importance of strict infection control measures in all surgery-related specialist workplaces.     

False surgical acute abdomen with intermittent acute porphyria

This article presents a case of acute intermittent porphyria admitted to the Surgery Department of C.F. Craiova Hospital between 18.08.2003-26.08.2003 then transferred to the Colentina Hospital in Bucharest for diagnosis confirmation and adequate treatment. The purpose of this paper is to bring attention on a rare metabolic inherited disease that, due to its non-specific and often noisy symptoms and limited possibilities of biochemical, enzymatic and genetic diagnosis, could generate potential serious confusions. The presentes case illustrates the fact that sometimes the acute attack may be mistaken for an acute surgical affection which requires an emergency operation with all the aggravating consequences and delay in the real diagnosis. About 1% of acute attacks of porphyria may be fatal. Only the drugs known as safe should be prescribed. Basic treatment consists in oral and intravenous glucose and hematin administration.     

Erroneous diagnosis of acute appendicitis in acute gynecological diseases

On the basis of an analysis of 84 observations the authors describe special features of the clinical course and diagnosis of gynecological diseases simulating acute appendicitis (rupture of the ovary, extrauterine pregnancy, torsion or rupture of the ovarian cyst, adnexitis).     

Reversible acute tubular necrosis following severe acute renal rejection

The clinical observation of 6 out of 250 renal transplant patients showed that acute renal rejection may lead to reversible acute tubular necrosis (ATN) necessitating intermittent haemodialysis treatment. Despite missing early response to high-dose (methyl-) prednisolone therapy (during a mean period of 4.7 days) all 6 patients developed spontaneous diuresis 14.5 days on average after onset of rejection while on maintenance immunosuppressive therapy. From the clinical course the conclusion was drawn that in severe cases of renal rejection with arteriographic and histological findings consistent with acute tubular necrosis, prolonged therapy with high doses of (methyl-) prednisolone is not desirable, since after reversal of immunological rejection the onset of spontaneous diuresis will be determined mainly by the duration of the healing and recovery phase of acute tubular necrosis.     

Risk factors of acute kidney injury after acute myocardial infarction

Objectives: To study the risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in-patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods: A total of 1371 cases of adult in-patients with AMI in the First People's Hospital of Changzhou from January 2008 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the occurrence of AKI diagnosed according to the 2012 KDIGO AKI criteria, they were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group and further into conservative treatment groups, coronary angiography (CAG) groups, and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) groups based on the timing of AKI occurrence, respectively. Related risk factors of AKI were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regressions.

Results: 410 (29.9%) developed AKI. Patients with AKI had significantly increased in-hospital mortality than patients without AKI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that decreased baseline eGFR, increased fasting plasma glucose (FPG), use of diuretics and Killip grade IV were independent risk factors of AKI, while increased DBP on admission was a protective factor for patients in conservative treatment group. Decreased baseline eGFR, increased FPG, use of diuretics, intraoperative hypotension and acute infection were independent risk factors of AKI for patients in the CAG group. Decreased baseline eGFR, increased FPG, use of diuretics and low cardiac output syndrome after operation were independent risk factors of AKI for patients in the CABG group.

Conclusions: AKI is a common complication and associated with increased mortality after AMI. Decreased baseline renal function, increased FPG and use of diuretics were common independent risk factors of AKI after AMI.