人肝癌及肝硬变中IGF—2及HBxAg表达的对比研究

对６０例肝细胞癌、癌旁肝组织和４７例肝硬变石蜡切片进行ＩＧＦ－２和ＨＢｘＡｇ免疫组化染色。结果表明，在ＨＢｘＡｇ阳性的肝癌和肝硬变中ＩＧＦ－２阳性率分别为１００％（３２／３２例）和９４．６％（３５／３７例），而ＨＢｘＡｇ阴性组分别为８２．１％（２３／２８例）和６０％（６／１０例）。ＩＧＦ－２在肝癌中的阳性强度明显高于癌旁肝和肝硬变。ＩＧＦ－２的分布形态有：（１）胞浆包涵体样、（２）全胞浆、（３）核     

c－erbB－2蛋白和表皮生长因子受体在肝脏病变中的表达

对１８４例乙型肝炎、肝硬变和肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）及２９例正常肝组织的标本作了ＡＢＣ法染色，观察其ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２蛋白和表皮生长因子受体（ＥＧＦＲ）的表达情况。３６％（４８／１３４）的慢性肝炎、肝硬变和ＨＣＣ组织中有ＥＧＦＲ表达，主要定位于血窦内皮。良、恶性病变肝组织之间在ＥＧＦＲ表达强度上无显著差别，提示ＥＧＦＲ可能与慢性肝脏病变中血窦内皮的增生有关。在正常肝，仅少数标本（５／２９）中见到ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２微弱表达；在ＨＢＶ相关的慢性肝脏病变，所有标本中均检测到ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２蛋白，主要定位于肝小多角细胞（ＳＰＬＣ）、小细胞性不典型增生（ＳＣＤ）及小管状化生（ＤＭ）的肝细胞；ＨＣＣ细胞中ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２蛋白阳性较弱。这提示ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因的活化与人ＨＣＣ发生有关。其作用机制可能是促进ＳＰＬＣ向ＳＣＤ的转化及促进ＳＣＤ的进展。ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２与ＨＢｘＡｇ表达的密切关联提示这种原癌基因的活化可能也与ＨＢＶＸ基因有关。     

树实验肝癌发生过程中IGF-Ⅱ、HBxAg、p21和p53蛋白的表达

目的：探讨ＨＢＶ与ＡＦＢ１协同致肝癌作用机制。方法：用免疫组化观察５３只树鼠句肝及肝癌组织ＩＧＦ－Ⅱ、ＨＢｘＡｇ、ｐ２１及ｐ５３蛋白表达。结果：接受ＨＢＶ和ＡＦＢ１的树鼠句肝癌诱发率和ＩＧＦ－Ⅱ、ＨＢｘＡｇ、ｐ２１检出率分别为５２．９％、８２．４％、５２．９％及２９．４％；只感染ＨＢＶ的分别为１１．１％、２２．２％、１１．１％和１１．１％；仅摄入ＡＦＢ１的分别为１５．８％、２６．３％及１５．８％（ｐ２１）；空白对照无肝癌及上述基因蛋白表达。带瘤肝ＩＧＦ－Ⅱ、ＨＢｘＡｇ及ｐ２１检出率均显著高于无瘤者，而表达这３种基因蛋白的动物肝癌发生率也均明显高于阴性者。突变的ｐ５３蛋白表达仅见于７例（５８．３％）中低分化的肝癌。结论：ＨＢＶ与ＡＦＢ１共同激发这些基因的异常表达可能是其协同致肝癌机制之一。ＩＧＦ－Ⅱ过表达可能作为癌变早期信号应引起重视     

肝硬变内HBV DNA及其五种抗原的表达及意义

取２２５例人肝硬变活检组织石蜡切片，检测了ＨＢＶＤＮＡ及其５种抗原。分别用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法检测ＨＢｘＡｇ、ｐｒｅ－Ｓ＿１和ｐｒｅ－Ｓ＿２抗原；用ＰＡＰ法检测ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｃＡｇ；用原位杂交方法检测ＨＢＶＤＮＡ；用免疫组化、原位杂交双标记方法检测ＨＢＶＤＮＡ和ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｘＡｇ或ＨＢｃＡｇ。结果显示，阳性检出率ＨＢｓＡｇ为７０．０％（１２８／１８３例），ｐｒｅ－Ｓ＿１抗原为６４．４％（８５／１３２例）、ｐｒｅ－Ｓ＿２抗原为６１．４％（８１／１３２例），ＨＢｘＡｇ为７５．３％（１１３／１５０例），ＨＢｃＡｇ为２２．４％（３９／１７４例），ＨＢＶＤＮＡ为６２．４％（５８／９３例）。双标阳性检出率ＨＢＶＤＮＡ和ＨＢｓＡｇ为３７．３％（１９／５１例），ＨＢＶＤＮＡ和ＨＢｘ－Ａｇ为８６．３％（４４／５１例），ＨＢＶＤＮＡ和ＨＢｃＡｇ为３９．２％（２０／５１例）。ＨＢＶＤＮＡ和ＨＢＶ５种抗原阳性病例中８０％以上均伴有肝细胞不典型增生。这一结果表明，在我国肝硬变的发生发展与ＨＢＶ慢性感染有密切的关系。     

树Qu实验肝癌发生过程中IGF—Ⅲ,HBxAg,p21和p …

目的：探讨ＨＢＶ与ＡＦＢ１协同致肝癌作用机制，方法；用免疫组化观察５３只树Ｑｕ肝及肝癌组织ＩＧＦ－Ⅱ，ＨＢｘＡｇｐ２１及ｐ５３蛋白表达，结果接受ＨＢＶ和ＡＦＢ１的树Ｑｕ肝癌诱发率和ＩＧＦ－Ⅱ，ＨＢｘＡｇ，ｐ２１检出率分别为５２．９％，８２．４％，５２．９％及２９．４％只感染ＨＢＶ的分别为１１．１％２２．２％，１１．１％和１１．１％，仅摄入ＡＦＢ１的分别为１５．８％，２６．３％及１５．８％，（ｐ２１     

老年慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织内Pre－S2蛋白的表达及意义

用免疫组织化学方法和单克隆抗体检测５７例老年慢性乙肝患者肝组织内Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２蛋白和ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｃＡｇ，并与６３例非老年患者进行比较。老年组Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２蛋白总阳性率为７５．４％（４３／５７），非老年组为５４．０％（３４／６３），两组差异显著。老年组Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２蛋白阳性细胞数非常显著地高于非老年组，膜型Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２阳性率９３．０％（４０／４３），Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２与ＨＢｓＡｇ符合占９１．２％（５２／５７）。４３例Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２蛋白阳性标本中血清ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性５３．５％（２３／４３），ＨＢｅＡｂ阳性４１．９％（１８／４３）。认为老年慢性乙肝肝内Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２蛋白表达高于非老年的，Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２蛋白免疫反应与ＨＢｓＡｇ相似并可能在ＨＢｓＡｇ免疫特性中起作用。     

广西地区肝癌中c-myc和N-ras癌基因的原位表达与HBV感染的研究

目的：分析广西地区肝癌中ｃ－ｍｙｃ、Ｎ－ｒａｓ癌基因的表达与乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染的关系及其在肝癌发生中的作用。方法：应用原位ｃＤＮＡ－ＲＮＡ杂交方法和免疫组化方法检测３１例广西地区肝癌和相应癌旁组织中的ｃ－ｍｙｃｍＲＮＡ、Ｎ－ｒａｓｍＲＮＡ和ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｘＡｇ。结果：肝癌及癌旁均有较高的ｃ－ｍｙｃ，Ｎ－ｒａｓ癌基因的表达。检出率都在８５％以上，其在不同分化程度肝癌中的表达差异无显著性意义：ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｘＡｇ的检出率分别为８７．０９％和７９．３１％。癌基因的表达与ＨＢｓＡｇ，ＨＢｘＡｇ的检出呈平行的状态。结论：ｃ－ｍｙｃ、Ｎ－ｒａｓ在广西地区肝癌的形成和保持恶性表型中有协同作用。ＨＢｘＡｇ可能有激活ｃ－ｍｙｃ、Ｎ－ｒａｓ癌基因的作用     

慢性肝炎和肝癌病人血清中乙型肝炎病毒DNA的检测

为了了解慢性肝炎和肝癌病人患者体内乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）复制与ＨＢＶ血清标志之间的关系，用酶联免疫吸附实验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）、聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）及斑点杂交方法对６１例慢性肝炎和４７例肝癌患者的ＨＢＶ表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）、相关ｅ抗原（ＨＢｅＡｇ）、表面抗体（抗－ＨＢｓ）、核心抗体（抗－ＨＢｃ）、相关ｅ抗体（抗－ＨＢｅ）进行了检测。结果表明：ＨＢＶＤＮＡ在ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ、／抗－ＨＢｃ阳性的慢性肝炎和肝癌患者血清中的检出率分别为９０．５０％和５０．００％；在ＨＢｓＡｇ／抗－ＨＢｅ、抗－ＨＢｃ阳性者的检出率分别为４５．４０％和７．１４％；在ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性、ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性／抗－ＨＢｅ阴性者中的检出率分别为６０．００％和４０．００％；ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性、／抗－ＨＢｃ阳性或／抗－ＨＢｅ阳性或／抗－ＨＢｓ阳性者中的检出率分别为２０．００％和２２．２２％；在血清学指标全阴性时，慢性肝炎和肝癌患者血清中ＨＢＶＤＮＡ的检出率均为０。实验提示：无论是肝炎或肝癌，在ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ同时阳性时，ＨＢＶ复制最为活跃；在单独ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性时，ＨＢＶ有一定程度的复制；ＨＢＶ复制在肝癌细胞中受到一定程度的抑制。     

广西地区肝癌中c—myc和N—ras癌基因的原位表达？…

目的：分析了广西地区地癌中ｃ－ｍｙｃ、Ｎ－ｒａｓ癌基因的表达与乙型肝病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染的关系及其在肝癌发生中的作用。方法：应用原位ｃＤＮＡ－ＲＮＡ杂交方法和免疫组化方法检测３１例广西地区肝癌和相应癌旁组织中ｃ－ｍｙｃ ｍＲＮＡ、Ｎ－ｒａｓｍＲＮＡ和ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｘＡｇ。结果：肝癌及癌旁均有较高的ｃ－ｍｙｃ，Ｎ－ｒａｓ癌基因的表达。检出率都在８５％以上，其在不同发化程度肝癌中的表达差异无显著性意义     

应用聚合酶链反应技术检测肝组织中的HBV－DNA

采用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术，对４２例肝活切组织石蜡切片中乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）ＤＮＡ进行检测，并与乙肝表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）的免疫组织化学及血清学检测进行比较，ＨＢＶ－ＰＣＲ阳性率为７３．８％，高于组织及血清ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率（分别为５９．５％和５０．０％）。３例病理形态呈肝炎改变，而血清ＨＢｓＡｇ（─）的肝组织中有２例检出ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ，提示ＰＣＲ的高度敏感性和准确性。８３．３％的门脉性肝硬变和８７．５％的肝细胞癌组织中ＨＢＶ－ＰＣＲ呈阳性，进一步证实了上述两病与ＨＢＶ的关系密切。我们还发现肝细胞淤胆患者ＨＢＶ感染率较高，ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ及组织ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性比例各为６／９和４／８。     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...