芦山地震后1周0～4岁婴幼儿情绪行为反应

目的调查4.20芦山地震后1周0～4岁婴幼儿情绪行为反应及其与看护人情绪的关系,为婴幼儿灾后心理干预提供实践指导。方法震后1周,采用方便抽样方法抽取芦山县城、龙门乡、清仁乡、双石乡等地0～4岁婴幼儿及其看护人共107对,采用自编婴幼儿症状评定问卷、SAS及SDS分别对婴幼儿及其看护人进行心理测量,并完成访谈和后续有针对性的心理辅导。结果①92.50%的婴幼儿出现至少1种明显的情绪行为反应,其中前三位分别是睡眠不安稳(80.40%)、黏住父母(74.80%)和食欲改变(72.00%)。②20.80%看护人有不同程度的焦虑症状,47.10%有不同程度的抑郁症状;60岁及以上看护人SAS和SDS评分明显高于60岁以下者(P<0.05)。③震中龙门乡婴幼儿情绪行为反应评分高于非震中婴幼儿(P<0.05),非父母照料婴幼儿情绪行为反应评分高于父母照料者(P<0.01)。④婴幼儿情绪行为反应评分与看护人SAS、SDS评分呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论芦山地震1周后0～4岁婴幼儿情绪和行为反应明显,检出率高;婴幼儿由其父母看护更有利于其身心健康。     

心理干预对脑卒中后抑郁症状的对照研究

情绪抑郁是脑卒中的常见伴发症状 ,积极改善抑郁症状有利于康复〔1〕。本文采用心理干预的方法来改善脑率中病人的抑郁症状 ,与常规护理的病人作对照研究 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料　 2 0 0 0 0 1～ 2 0 0 1 12我院神经科 46例住院病人 ,年龄 45～ 81岁 ,平均 ( 5 2 .12± 18 76)岁 ,男 2 9例 ,女17例 ;入院时经头部CT或MRI证明定为脑梗死 3 7例 ,脑出血 9例 ,病程 2～ 10h ,平均 ( 3 12± 4 72 )h。1.2　方法1.2 1　入组标准 :46例病人经详细询问病史 ,排除曾经有过长期失眠、情绪障碍及其他精神疾病 ;( 2 )入组时其精…     

青少年期首发精神分裂症患者的早期症状分析

对 8 8例首发于 2 0岁以下的精神分裂症患者的早期症状、治疗及转归做一粗略分析。对象　为本院 2 0 0 1年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 8月住院的、首发于 2 0岁以下缓慢及亚急性起病的精神分裂症患者 ,共 88例。均符合国际疾病分类第 10版精神和行为障碍中的精神分裂症诊断标准 ,早期症状持续 8周以上。其中男 4 5例 ,女4 3例。出现早期症状的年龄为 10～ 2 0岁 (其中 10～ 13岁9例 ,14～ 17岁 4 0例 ,18～ 2 0岁 39例 ) ,平均 (16 4± 2 5 )岁。现在年龄 12～ 30岁 ,平均 (19 9± 3 5 )岁。病程 8个月至 15年 ,中位数为 3年。方法　采用回顾性查阅…     

新冠肺炎疫情下不同群体的认知、情绪和行为反应

目的了解新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情下不同群体的认知、情绪和行为状态,以期在今后的工作中进行更有针对性的心理援助。方法通过问卷星发放问卷,共957名社会人士完成量表评定。问卷内容分别从认知(压力和强迫思维)、情绪(抑郁、愤怒和焦虑)及行为(强迫行为和情绪调节困难)层面考察个体面对疫情时的心理反应。结果①医务人员的认知反应水平和行为表现与其他职业人员比较差异均有统计学意义(P0. 05或0. 01);②除抑郁水平外,女性的认知和情绪反应水平与男性比较差异有统计学意义(F=6. 109～14. 020,P0. 05或0. 01);③情绪调节困难量表(DERS)评分与被试的所有症状均呈正相关(r=0. 280～0. 723,P均0. 01)。结论在新冠肺炎疫情下,不同社会群体的认知、情绪和行为反应存在差异。     

4.20芦山地震后儿童心理问题1例报告

1病例患儿,男,3岁,在4.20芦山地震后出现"情绪不稳,易惊吓,掐、抓家人3天",由家人联系心理救援人员要求进行心理干预。家属提供情况如下:患儿地震当天,由爷爷牵着自己及7岁哥哥在散步,突然地震造成一厂区围墙倒塌,爷爷将患儿及哥哥护于胸前,爷爷当场死亡,哥哥脑袋被砸一伤口,血流不止,被群众救出后,已死亡,患儿全     

奥氮平治疗儿童孤独症的临床研究

目的　研究奥氮平对儿童孤独症的疗效及其副作用。方法　用奥氮平对 17例 1岁半～ 8岁符合CCMD - 3诊断的孤独症患者进行治疗 ,剂量为 2 .5～ 10mg/d ,连续用药并观察 12周。由 2位精神科医生同时在治疗前和治疗后第 2、4、6、8、12周采用临床疗效总评量表、儿童孤独症评定量表及临床记录对患者进行评定 ,评估其病情严重程度及奥氮平的疗效和副反应。结果　 2位精神科医生所得出得评定结果是相一致的 (Kappa =0 .86 )。从用药后第 6周起 ,临床疗效总评量表中的病情严重程度因子分值与治疗前相比明显降低 ,而总体疗效分值明显升高 ,二者均具有统计学差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;而CARS评定分值的降低也具有统计学意义 ,提示奥氮平对儿童孤独症有较好的疗效。治疗后 12周的评定结果与治疗后 6周的结果比较仍具有统计学差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,提示疗程的延长能提高疗效。奥氮平可显著改善易激惹症状、精神病性症状及睡眠障碍 ,对于刻板的行为模式、自伤行为、活动过度和注意力不集中也有一定效果。副反应出现极少 ,主要为可控性的体重增加以及强迫症状。结论　奥氮平治疗儿童孤独症是安全有效的 ,尤其对于易激惹、精神病性症状及睡眠障碍疗效较好。     

不同时期儿童青少年心理门诊资料对照分析

目的　探讨我院儿童青少年心理门诊在成立初期及成立 5年后两个不同时期患者就诊情况的变化 ,以掌握儿童青少年心理障碍、精神疾病的发展以及治疗趋势。方法　分别截取 1997年 1～ 10月与 2 0 0 2年 1～ 10月两个不同时期就诊于儿童青少年心理门诊的初诊病例。按照CCMD 3的诊断标准 ,重新将门诊所见到的 34种疾病归为 14类 ,将家长为其子女的行为、情绪、青春期性心理、人际关系及家庭教育等问题来院咨询要求心理指导的另归一类 ,共为 15类。按年龄分为 <6岁、7～ 12岁、13～ 18岁三个组。将两个不同时期相同年龄范围的病例进行对照分析。结果　初诊人数从 1997年的 4 5 7例增至 2 0 0 2年的 6 14例 ,提高了 34.4 % ;父母为子女寻求咨询人数从 31例增至 14 4例 ,提高 2 4 .7% (P均 <0 .0 1)。儿童情绪障碍的初诊人数明显增加 ,提高了 12 % (P <0 .0 1)。在治疗方法上 ,心理治疗、心理咨询及药物合并心理治疗的比例2 0 0 2年占 73.5 % ,而单一药物治疗人数比 1997年减少了 4 3.5 %。在各综合性医院普遍开展心理门诊的情况下我院儿童青少年心理门诊数量仍有明显提高。结论　 (1)专科医院具有较强的技术实力赢得社会的信任。 (2 )广大群众的心理卫生意识在不断提高 ,认识到心理健康的重要性 ,主动接受心理     

人工流产者心理状况调查

为了解人工流产者心理健康状况 ,我们采用 90项症状清单 (SCL 90 )进行调查 ,报告如下。1　对象和方法对象为 2 0 0 0年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 1月泉州市妇幼保健院妇科门诊人流手术者 176例 ,资料完整者 15 4例。其中已婚 70例 ;年龄 2 4～ 33岁 ,平均 (2 8 1± 2 6 )岁 ,初次人流 4 7例 ,≥ 2次以上人流 2 3例。未婚 84例 ,年龄 16～ 2 6岁 ,平均 (2 2 2±2 8)岁 ,初次人流 4 5例 ,≥ 2次以上人流 39例。采用SCL 90在调查者的指导下 ,由被调查者自己填写 ,不记姓名。以t检验进行统计分析。2　结果人工流产者SCL 90各因子分均显著高于国…     

麦普替林治疗注意缺陷多动障碍的疗效研究

目的　探讨麦普替林治疗注意缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD)的疗效及安全性。方法　符合CCMD 3诊断标准的ADHD患儿 32例 ,单一用麦普替林 2 5～ 12 5mg/d治疗 ,6周后进行临床疗效评定 ,治疗前后采用Conners儿童行为问卷 4 8项家长用症状问卷 (PSQ)评估对照。结果　有效 2 2例 ,有效率 6 8 75 % ,PSQ评估 6项因子分明显下降 ,其中因子Ⅲ (心身问题 )P <0 0 5 ,其余 5项因子分P <0 0 0 1。服药第 1周出现轻度口干、镇静、视物模糊、心跳增快 ,2周后逐步消失。结论　麦普替林治疗ADHD疗效肯定 ,副反应相对较轻 ,可作为治疗ADHD的首选药物之一。     

脊髓损伤患者的心理护理

1　临床资料我科自 1992年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 11月 ,共收治外伤截瘫患者96例 ,男 89例 ,女 7例 ,最大 6 8岁 ,最小 2 0岁 ,其中偏瘫截瘫 43例。2　心理分析及护理外伤性截瘫患者的心理变化常经历休克期、否认期、承受期、情绪危机期及心理依赖期。2 1　休克期　对突然发生意外毫无预感和防备 ,使患者感到突然不知所措 ,此时病人反应迟钝 ,表情淡满 ,似乎已经适应意外的伤害 ,对急救治疗的反应似乎无动于衷。此期持续时间较短 ,但我们并不因时间短而忽视对病人的心理护理 ,而是亲切地安慰诱导病人诉说自己的痛苦以达到改变情绪的目的 ,帮助患…     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。