虎纹蛙的染色体的组型

目的：染色体组型具有物种的特异性，它们在遗传过程中是相对稳定的，研究各种动物的染色体数目、形态等特征可作为鉴定动物种类的指标。方法：以虎纹蛙（Ｒｒａｎａ ｔｉｇｒｉｎａ ｒｕｇｕｌｏｓａ Ｗｉｅｇｍａｎｎ）的骨髓和精巢为材料，制备了虎纹蛙骨髓细胞染色体及精巢生殖细胞减数分裂染色体标本，选择形态完好的中期分裂相进行拍照放大，用常规统计方法测量染色体的相对长度、臂比和着丝粒指数等。结果：虎纹蛙体细胞染     

广西沼蛙核型的研究

目的 探讨广西沼蛙的核型。方法 沼蛙经秋水仙素处理后,取其骨髓细胞直接制作染色体标本片,并进行核型分析,结果 本实验蛙的二倍体染色体２ｎ＝２６,由５对大型染色体和８对小型染色体组成;染色体简式为８ｍ＋５ｓｍ;在Ｎｏ．５、６、８、１０可见次缢痕,其中Ｎｏ．６具有明显次缢痕。结论 广西沼蛙的核形与广东、四川两地沼蛙核型有差别。     

锯缘摄龟染色体组型的研究

抽取锯缘摄龟的血液淋巴细胞进行离体培养，制备染色体标本，观察染色体组型，结果表明：锯缘摄龟的染色体数为５２，即２ｎ＝５２。ＮＦ＝６４，这些染色体可分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ组。Ａ组：Ｎｏｓｌ～２。Ｂ组：Ｎｏｓ３～７。Ｃ组：Ｎｏｓ８～１０。Ｄ组Ｎｏｓ１１～１２。Ｅ组Ｎｏｓ１３～２６。     

颈项透明层增厚胎儿的产前诊断及预后分析

【目的】 研究颈项透明层（ＮＴ）增厚与胎儿染色体异常、宫内ＴＯＲＣＨ感染、严重结构畸形和其他严重异常的关系,了解其在评估胎儿预后中的价值。 【方法】 对１３５例妊娠早期（１１～１３＋６周）ＮＴ≥２．５ ｍｍ且行产前诊断的单胎病例进行回顾性分析,统计胎儿染色体核型、ＴＯＲＣＨ－ＤＮＡ／ＲＮＡ、地中海贫血基因检测结果,随访胎儿超声筛查结构异常情况及妊娠结局。按ＮＴ厚度将其依次分为５组,２．５～２．９、３．０～３．４、３．５～４．４、≥４．５ ｍｍ为第１～４组,颈部水囊瘤为第５组。采用Ｆｉｓｈｅｒ确切概率法分析率的差异,采用Ｋｒｕｓｋａｌ－Ｗａｌｌｉｓ检验比较几种常见染色体异常胎儿的ＮＴ值是否有差异。【结果】①１３５例ＮＴ增厚胎儿中,染色体核型异常３６例（２６．７％）;结构异常３２例（２３．７％）,其中严重心脏畸形１１例（８．１％）,重型α地中海贫血７例（５．２％）,未发现ＴＯＲＣＨ宫内感染。妊娠结局：随访率９７％（１３１／１３５）,产前诊断术后无自然流产及宫内感染,死胎３例,引产５１例,活产７７例。②五组ＮＴ增厚胎儿中,染色体异常发生率分别为１０．３％（４／３９）、１３．９％（５／３６）、２８％（７／２５）、５６％（１４／２５）及６０％（６／１０）,严重心脏畸形发生率分别为０％（０／３９）、５．６％（２／３６）、８％（２／２５）、２０％（５／２５）及２０％（２／１０）,结构异常的发生率分别为７．７％（３／３９）、１９．４％（７／３６）、２４％（６／２５）、４４％（１１／２５）和５０％（５／１０）,检出重型α地中海贫血例数分别为１例、４例、１例、１例和０例。五组胎儿染色体异常、结构异常及心脏畸形的发生率差异均有统计学意义（分别Ｐ ＜ ０．００１、Ｐ ＝ ０．００３及Ｐ ＝ ０．０１４）,而且发生率均随ＮＴ增厚而升高。③３９例ＮＴ临界增厚组（即第一组）进行早孕期染色体非整倍体联合筛查后高风险１７例,低风险２２例,经产前诊断确诊后高风险组发现４例染色体异常,低风险组未发现染色体异常。统计学分析发现ＮＴ临界增厚组染色体非整倍体联合筛查高风险和低风险组染色体异常发生率差异有统计学意义（２３．５％ ｖｓ ０％,Ｐ ＝ ０．０２９）。④检出的主要染色体异常包括２１三体综合征１１例、１８三体综合征８例和Ｔｕｒｎｅｒ综合征７例,其ＮＴ值中位数值分别为４．０（２．６ ～ ８．０）ｍｍ、８．０（２．６ ～ ８．８）ｍｍ和１２（６．０ ～ ２６）ｍｍ,差异有统计学意义（Ｐ ＝ ０．００３）。【结论】 ＮＴ增厚与胎儿染色体异常、严重心脏畸形和重型α地中海贫血等多种异常有关。随着ＮＴ值的增加,胎儿染色体异常、结构异常及心脏畸形的发生率升高。在常见的２１三体综合征、１８三体综合征及Ｔｕｒｎｅｒ综合征的染色体异常胎儿中,其ＮＴ值厚度不同且呈增厚趋势。对ＮＴ增厚（ＮＴ≥３．０ ｍｍ）胎儿可直接行产前诊断;对ＮＴ临界增厚（２．５～３．０ ｍｍ）胎儿,建议行妊娠早期染色体非整倍体联合筛查后根据风险值决定是否行侵入性产前诊断。     

苯海索和利血平对大鼠脑单胺递质含量的影响

Ｓｐｒａｇｕｅ－Ｄａｗｌｅｙ大鼠２８只，随机分为４组：（１）对照组：ｎ＝１０，大鼠腹腔注射（ｉｐ）生理盐水（ＮＳ）２ｍｌ．ｋｇ＾－１；（２）利血平组：ｎ＝６，大鼠ｉｐ苯海索３．０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１，每隔４ｈ给药１次，共５次；（４）苯海索加利血平组：ｎ＝６，大鼠ｉｐ苯海索３．０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１，每隔４ｈ给药１次，共５次，最后一次给药时间同时ｉｐ利血平２．０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１。各组动物均在最后一次给药后１     

山茱萸对延长大鼠异位心脏移植存活的作用

目的：观察山茱萸水煎剂对大鼠异位移植心脏排异的抑制作用。方法：异位移植心脏的大鼠分成４组：Ⅰ组为对照，喂生理盐水；Ⅱ组喂山茱萸水煎剂２０ｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）；Ⅲ组喂环孢菌素Ａ（ＣｓＡ）５ｍｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）；Ⅳ组喂ＣｓＡ５ｍｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）和山茱萸水煎剂２０ｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）。结果：Ⅰ组（ｎ＝１３）移植心脏存活１３７±３７ｄ；Ⅱ组（ｎ＝１０）存活２８５±６２ｄ，另有２只移植心脏存活＞１ａ；Ⅲ组（ｎ＝７）存活４０１±６９ｄ，另有１只存活５个月；Ⅳ组（ｎ＝７）存活４９７±８０ｄ，另有１只存活５个月，１只存活＞８个月。Ⅱ组与Ⅰ组间、Ⅳ组与Ⅱ组间均有非常显著差异（Ｐ＜００１）；Ⅳ组与Ⅲ组间有显著差异（Ｐ＜００５）。结论：山茱萸水煎剂能抑制排斥，显著延长大鼠异位移植心脏存活；山茱萸与ＣｓＡ联合应用比单用ＣｓＡ或山茱萸效果更好，二者有相加作用     

天津市男性糖尿病危险因素的流行病学研究

对１９９１年天津市糖尿病流行病学调查筛选出的５７例男性非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）病例进行了１：１配对病例对照研究。经条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归模型分析发现ＮＩＤＤＭ的危险因素是：经济收入高（ＯＲ＝３．０９，９５％ＣＩ＝１．２８～７．４７），既往相关病史（ＯＲ＝７．６５，９５％ＣＩ＝２．３０～２５．４５），糖尿病家族史（ＯＲ＝１３．６６，９５％ＣＩ＝１．８４～１０１．６２），嗜甜食（ＯＲ＝２．３０，９５％ＣＩ＝１．４０～３．８０），肥胖（ＯＲ＝６．８５，９５％ＣＩ＝２．１１～２２．１９）。同时还发现，体育活动（ＯＲ＝０．３８，Ｘ￣２＝９．５５，Ｐ＜０．０１）和蔬菜是其保护性因素。     

小儿病毒性心肌炎柯萨奇病毒B组特异性IgM检测及临床意义

应用间接ＥＵＳＡ法测定９６例小儿病毒性心肌炎柯萨奇病毒Ｅ特异性ＩｇＭ（ＣＶＢ。－ＩＭ牡）。结果阳性３０例，总阳性率３１．３％：１９例健康儿中有１例阳性，阳性率５．３％，两者比较差异有显著意义（ｘ＝４，２０，Ｐ＜０．０５）病程＜２月者阳性率为４２．４％（２８／６６例）．病程２～６月者阳性率为７．７（１／１３例），病程＞６月者阳性率为５．９％（１／１７例）．后两组与病程＜２月组比较差异均显著（分别为４，９．６．６１，Ｐ均＜（０．０５）。提示ＣＶＢ－ＩＭ测定对小儿病毒性心肌炎病原学的早期诊断有临床意义     

小儿心力衰竭定量诊断标准的研究

用多普勒超声心动图测定２８６名正常儿童和４１例心衰患儿的５８项心脏血流参数，选出主动脉峰值流速（ＰＦＶＡ）、肺动脉峰值流速（ＰＦＶＰ）、二尖瓣Ｅ峰峰值流速（ＰＦＶＭＥ）、三尖瓣Ｅ峰流速（ＰＦＶＴＥ）、心脏指数（ＣＩ）等５项作为心衰定量诊断标准。这５项指标为ＰＦＶＡ：６个月以下＜７３．１ｃｍ／ｓ，６个月～＜８７．１ｃｍ／ｓ，４岁～＜１０１．９ｃｍ／ｓ，１０～１４岁＜１１０ｃｍ／ｓ；ＰＦＶＰ：６个月以下＜６９．２ｃｍ／ｓ，６个月～１４岁＜８２．４ｃｍ／ｓ；ＰＦＶＭＥ：６个月以下＞７８．５或＜５０．１ｃｍ／ｓ，６个月～１４岁＞１０１．６或＜７５．２ｃｍ／ｓ；ＰＦＶＴＥ：６个月以下＞６５．９或＜３７．１ｃｍ／ｓ，６个月～１４岁＞６７．１或＜４３．１ｃｍ／ｓ；ＣＩ＜２．６Ｌ／ｍ~２·ｍｉｎ~（－１）。     

大鼠纹状体灌流谷氨酸对局部羟自由基生成的影响

采用脑区微灌流系统和水杨酸为捕捉剂的ＨＰＬＣ羟自由基检测法，观察到大鼠纹状体灌流０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ谷氨酸１５～３０ｍｉｎ内，灌流液中羟自由基和水杨酸反应生成的衍生物２，５－ＤＨＢＡ的浓度为３１０．４±１７１．８ｎｇ／ｍｌ（ｘ±ｓ，ｎ＝５）较谷氨酸灌流前的８４．８±３７．０ｎｇ／ｍｌ（ｘ±ｓ，ｎ＝５）含量显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）．而给予氯胺酮０．６ｍｇ／ｍｌ加灌组，谷氨酸灌流１５～３０ｍｉｎ内的２，５－ＤＨＢＡ浓度为１６５．４±８８．１ｎｇ／ｍｌ（ｘ±ｓ，ｎ＝５）。结果提示纹状体细胞外谷氨酸含量增加能使局部羟自由基生成增加且能被氯胺酮部分抑制。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.