甲磺司特活性代谢物M-1的人体药代动力学

目的:研究甲磺司特活性代谢物4-(3-乙氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)-丙烯酰苯胺(M-1)在健康志愿者体内的药代动力学特征。方法:10名健康志愿者男女各半,单次及多次口服甲磺司特颗粒剂后,采用HPLC-MS法测定人血浆中甲磺司特活性代谢物M-1的浓度,计算药代动力学参数。结果:单次口服甲磺司特颗粒剂100 mg后,甲磺司特活性代谢物M-1的血药达峰浓度为(9.84±2.41)ng/mL;达峰时间为(3.0±1.3)h;AUC为(80.58±10.49)ng.h/mL;消除半衰期为(6.5±1.4)h。多次口服甲磺司特颗粒剂后,甲磺司特活性代谢物M-1的血药达峰浓度为(14.08±1.79)ng/mL;达峰时间为(2.5±1.2)h;AUC为(82.20±12.17)ng.h/mL;消除半衰期为(8.3±1.6)h。结论:多次给药后甲磺司特活性代谢物M-1的人体药代动力学参数与单次给药的药代动力学参数基本一致,AUC与tmax均与性别无关。     

福多司坦片在健康志愿者中的药代动力学研究

目的:研究福多司坦的人体药代动力学。方法:36名健康受试者随机分为600,400,200 mg 3个剂量组,每组12人,口服福多司坦片600,400,200 mg后,用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定血浆中福多司坦浓度。结果:单次口服福多司坦高、中、低剂量组的cmax分别为(22.44±7.61),(12.91±2.93),(6.53±1.61)μg/mL;tmax分别为(0.52±0.37),(0.44±0.15),(0.40±0.21)h。中剂量组多次口服福多司坦后所测cmax和tmax分别为(13.64±4.39)μg/mL(、0.55±0.50)h,平均稳态血药浓度为(3.67±0.95)μg/mL。低剂量组饮食后口服福多司坦后所测cmax和tmax分别为(3.37±0.68)μg/mL、(1.40±0.78)h。结论:健康受试者单次口服高、中、低3个剂量的福多司坦后,药代动力学参数tmax、Kt、1/2、MRT相近,cmax、AUC0-τ与剂量呈依赖性。对3个剂量的AUC0-τ进行方差分析,结果表明消除体重因素后,男性和女性健康受试者的AUC0-τ之间没有显著性差异(P>0.05),多次给药后福多司坦的人体药动学参数与单次给药的药代动力学参数基本一致,饮食组与空腹组的cmax及tmax差异有极显著性意义(P<0.01)。     

注射用盐酸头孢唑兰在健康人体内的药代动力学研究

目的研究注射用盐酸头孢唑兰在健康人体内的药代动力学。方法 24例健康受试者进行注射用盐酸头孢唑兰单次和多次静脉滴注药动学试验。采用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)法测定给药后不同时间点头孢唑兰浓度,DAS2.0进行药动学模型拟合和参数计算。结果单次给予低(0.5g)、中(1.0g)、高(2.0g)3个剂量后主要药动学参数:峰浓度Cmax分别为(48.27±9.84)、(77.99±15.08)和(171.59±18.27)mg/L;达峰时间(Tmax)分别为(0.50±0.00)、(0.51±0.23)和(0.51±0.02)h;药-时曲线下面积AUC0-t分别为(92.43±24.02)、(152.45±16.26)和(341.03±44.16)mg.h/L;半衰期(t1/2β)分别为(1.97±0.19)、(2.44±0.24)和(2.18±0.31)h。多次给药(1.0g,2次/d)后主要药动学参数:Cmax为(80.39±11.86)mg/L,Tmax为(0.51±0.02)h,AUC0-t为(159.74±15.06)mg.h/L,t1/2β为(2.55±0.55)h。用药后24h从尿中排出量为(89.4±15.5)%。不同剂量组间Cmax、AUC0-t和AUC0-∞差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且与剂量呈线性回归关系(r分别为0.9950、0.9960和0.9963);单、多剂量及男、女受试者间主要药代参数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论注射用盐酸头孢唑兰在健康人体内具线性动力学特征,主要药代动力学参数无性别差异,多次给药体内无蓄积作用。     

奥替拉西钾血药和尿药浓度的测定及其药代动力学和药物蓄积性评价

本实验建立了人血浆及尿液中奥替拉西钾（potassium oxonate,Oxo）的LC-MS/MS测定方法,研究单次及多次给药替吉奥胶囊（S-1）后,Oxo在晚期胃癌患者体内的药代动力学特征,并评价多次给药后Oxo在人体内的药物蓄积情况。12名晚期胃癌患者分别按体表面积（BSA）口服S-1：单次给药,受试者于早餐后给药60 mg;多次给药,连续28d,每天2次,于早餐后给药60mg;晚餐后给药60 mg（BSA≥1.5m ²）或40 mg（1.25m ² 2）。采用LC-MS/MS法分别测定血浆及尿液中Oxo药物浓度,计算其药代动力学参数,评价其药代动力学特征和药物蓄积现象。血浆及尿液中Oxo测定的线性范围为分别为2~400 ng/mL,0.02~10 μg/mL。单次给药后 c_max为（110.5±100.8）ng/mL,t_1/2为（3.4±1.4）h,t_max为（2.2 ±0.7）h,36 h内有（1.7±1.2）%的Oxo以原型方式从尿中排出;多次给药后,稳态平均血药浓度c_ss-av为（36.89±29.35）ng/mL,稳态血药浓度波动度(DF)为2.4±0.8,经统计分析,多次给药28 d后Oxo在胃癌患者体内药代动力学特征与单次给药相比并未发生变化,多次给药后未产生药物蓄积现象。与文献数据对照,Oxo在中国晚期胃癌患者与国外患者体内的药代动力学参数基本一致。     

饮食对甲磺酸雷沙吉兰人体药代动力学的影响

采用开放、随机、自身对照交叉试验设计,考察高脂餐对雷沙吉兰在健康中国人体内的药代动力学影响。12名健康受试者分别于空腹或高脂餐后,单次口服甲磺酸雷沙吉兰片1 mg,0～8 h间隔采集血样,0～24 h间隔采集尿样,采用LC-MS/MS法测定雷沙吉兰的血药与尿药浓度,DAS 2.1计算药代动力学参数。雷沙吉兰在0.006 4～12.8 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好。测得空腹和高脂餐后口服甲磺酸雷沙吉兰片1 mg,雷沙吉兰的cmax分别为(3.93±1.55)和(1.58±0.75)ng/mL,tmax分别为(0.5±0.2)和(0.9±0.8)h,t1/2分别为(1.08±0.78)和(1.51±0.63)h,AUC0-8 h分别为(2.81±0.92)和(2.43±0.77)ng.h/mL,24 h内以雷沙吉兰形式经尿液分别排泄(0.20±0.12)%和(0.20±0.09)%。结果表明建立的LC-MS/MS法准确可靠,高脂饮食对雷沙吉兰的吸收速率有显著影响,但对吸收程度、尿排泄率无显著影响。     

洛伐他汀缓释片在人体内的药代动力学研究

目的:研究洛伐他汀缓释片在人体内单次和多次口服给药后的药代动力学过程。方法:采用LC-MS/MS方法测定人血浆中洛伐他汀的浓度。采用正离子方式检测;扫描方式为选择离子反应监测(SRM)。20名男性健康受试者随机双交叉单次(40 mg)或多次(20 mg×6)口服洛伐他汀缓释片和普通制剂海立片,并于相应的时间点取血测定血浆中的药物浓度。结果:所建立的LC-MS/MS方法的线性范围为0.05~10.0 ng/mL,最低检测浓度为0.05 ng/mL。以海立片为参比对照,用面积法估算的单次和多次给药后洛伐他汀缓释片中洛伐他汀的相对生物利用度分别为(148.5±43.1)%和(140.7±32.8)%。估算单次给药后海立片和洛伐他汀缓释片的人体内洛伐他汀的MRT为(14.61±7.27)h和(29.72±17.22)h;tmax为(4.2±2.1)h和(12.3±7.5)h;cmax为(1.98±1.01)ng/mL和(1.64±0.62)ng/mL;t1/2为(12.16±5.18)h和(18.17±10.78)h。海立片和洛伐他汀缓释片的稳态药物浓度分别为(0.57±0.27)ng/mL和(0.80±0.43)ng/mL,波动度分别为(2.64±1.10)和(0.97±0.36)。结论:单剂量给药后洛伐他汀缓释片与海立片相比,产生的cmax比较平稳,tmax延迟,两种给药方式洛伐他汀缓释片的吸收程度均高于普通制剂。     

尼扎替丁胶囊人体生物等效性评价

目的评价国产尼扎替丁胶囊在中国健康志愿受试者中的药动学和生物等效性。方法采用高效液相色谱-紫外检测法测定20名健康志愿者单次口服300mg尼扎替丁胶囊试验制剂或参比制剂后血浆中的尼扎替丁浓度。采用DAS软件计算药动学参数,并评价其生物等效性。结果尼扎替丁胶囊试验制剂和参比制剂的Tmax分别为(1.20±0.56)h和(1.38±0.60)h,Cmax分别为(2371.0±534.3)ng/mL和(2413.4±586.2)ng/mL,MRT分别为(3.05±0.49)h和(2.97±0.47)h,AUC0-8.5h分别为(6753.2±873.6)ng·h-1·mL-1和(6681.9±1087.3)ng·h-1·mL-1,T1/2分别为(1.56±0.33)h和(1.51±0.21)h。尼扎替丁试验制剂相对于参比制剂的相对生物利用度102.3%。结论经统计学分析,两种尼扎替丁胶囊制剂具有生物等效性。     

尼扎替丁胶囊人体生物等效性评价

目的 评价国产尼扎替丁胶囊在中国健康志愿受试者中的药动学和生物等效性.方法 采用高效液相色谱-紫外检测法测定20名健康志愿者单次口服 300 mg 尼扎替丁胶囊试验制剂或参比制剂后血浆中的尼扎替丁浓度.采用DAS软件计算药动学参数,并评价其生物等效性.结果 尼扎替丁胶囊试验制剂和参比制剂的Tmax分别为(1.20±0.56)h和(1.38±0.60) h,Cmax分别为(2371.0±534.3)ng/mL和(2413.4±586.2) ng/mL, MRT分别为(3.05±0.49)h和(2.97±0.47)h, AUC0-8.5 h分别为(6753.2±873.6)ng·h-1·mL-1和 (6681.9±1087.3) ng·h-1·mL-1, T1/2分别为(1.56±0.33)h和(1.51±0.21) h.尼扎替丁试验制剂相对于参比制剂的相对生物利用度102.3%.结论 经统计学分析,两种尼扎替丁胶囊制剂具有生物等效性.     

帕罗西汀片在健康人体的药代动力学

目的 研究帕罗西汀片在健康人体内的药代动力学.方法 20名健康志愿者单剂量121服40 mg帕罗西汀片后,用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中帕罗西汀浓度,并用3P97软件统计处理.结果 帕罗西汀片药-时曲线经拟合呈二室模型,其Cmax、Tmax 、AUC0.120、AUC0.inf分别为(64.74±18.43)ng/ml、(5.64±1.84)h、(20.03±5.33)h、(976.47±309.49)ng·h/ml和(1086.75±376.54)ng·h/ml.结论 帕罗西汀片在人体内的药代动力学呈二房室开放模型.     

苦参素胶囊在慢性乙肝患者体内的药代动力学研究

目的研究苦参素胶囊在慢性乙肝患者体内的药代动力学,比较其在慢性乙肝患者及健康受试者的药代动力学差异,以指导临床用药。方法10例慢性乙肝患者和10例健康受试者分别单次口服苦参素胶囊600mg,采用液相色谱-质谱法(liquid chromatography-mass spectrography,LC-MS),测定血浆中不同时间点的药物浓度,用DAS程序计算药代动力学参数。结果口服苦参素胶囊后其在慢性乙肝患者及健康受试者的体内过程均符合药代动力学二室模型,慢性乙肝患者和健康受试者的主要药代动力学参数分别为T1/2(Ka)(0.91±0.50),(0.99±0.42)h;T1/2(α)(1.40±1.17),(1.35±0.74)h;T1/2(β)(2.41±2.14),(2.15±1.51)h;tmax(2.30±0.89),(2.50±1.03)h;Cmax(396.78±67.86),(392.11±121.24)μg/L;V/F(8.94±13.42),(10.01±17.46)L/kg;AUC(0~12 h)(1 617.27±169.67),(1 723.08±531.65)μg/L.h-1;Cl/F(2.02±1.34),(2.30±1.69)L/h.kg-1。经统计学处理,2组药代动力学参数均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论苦参素胶囊在慢性乙肝患者和健康人体内的药代动力学过程无显著性差异。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.