Management of rectosigmoid obstruction due to severe bowel endometriosis

Bowel obstruction is a rare complication of intestinal endometriosis. The aim of this work was to evaluate outcomes after colorectal resection for bowel obstruction due to endometriosis. Of 720 patients who underwent colorectal resection for bowel endometriosis, 12 (1.7 %) presented with bowel obstruction. Preoperative work-up, management, perioperative and long-term outcomes were analyzed. All lesions were localized in the rectosigmoid tract. All patients underwent colorectal resection, which was carried out laparoscopically in 4 (33 %). Rate of low or ultra-low colorectal anastomoses was 83 %. Four patients (33 %) required blood transfusions. Two patients developed rectovaginal fistulas. After a median follow-up of 38 months, there were no cases of disease recurrence and dyschezia improved in 75 % of patients. Bowel endometriosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of young women with bowel obstruction. Despite challenging operations, colorectal resections are associated with good outcomes.     

女性生殖道畸形合并子宫内膜异位症185例临床分析

目的探讨女性生殖道畸形与子宫内膜异位症（内异症）的关系,分析不同类型女性生殖道畸形合并内异症的严重程度。方法对2001年1月～2011年3月在我院手术的230例生殖道畸形的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果230例生殖道畸形中,合并内异症185例,发生率80．4％（185／230）。梗阻性生殖道畸形合并内异症的发生率为85．0％（17／20）,非梗阻性生殖道畸形为80．0％（168／210）。梗阻性生殖道畸形合并内异症I期和Ⅱ期占17．6％（3／17）,Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期占82．4％（14／17）;非梗阻性生殖道畸形合并内异症I期和Ⅱ期占69．1％（116／168）,Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期占30．9％（52／168）。结论梗阻性生殖道畸形合并内异症严重程度高于非梗阻性生殖道畸形。在进行下腹部腹腔镜手术或开腹手术时,若患者曾有生殖道畸形病史或术中发现女性生殖道畸形,应常规手术探查盆腔是否存在内异症。     

Surgical treatment of ureteral obstruction from endometriosis: our experience with thirteen cases

Endometriosis is a biologically benign albeit aggressive pathology marked by high local recurrences. Ureteral involvement accounts for only a minority of cases (0.1–0.4%) with often non-specific symptoms at clinical presentation and difficult preoperative diagnosis. Thirteen cases of severe ureteral endometriosis (i.e. causing significant obstruction to the urinary flow) were observed and surgically treated, out of 17 ureteral units affected (three cases of bilateral involvement, one case of complete pyeloureteral duplicity). The initial symptomatology was acute and related to ureteral obstruction in eight cases, silent and non-specific in the other five; a presumptive diagnosis was made only for the seven patients (53.9%) with a positive medical history for pelvic (and in two cases also ureteral) endometriosis. Preoperative drainage of urine proved necessary for eight patients due to the complete functional exclusion of the excretory axis. One patient (7.7%) underwent nephrectomy due to renal atrophy. Segmental ureteral resection and termino-terminal anastomosis were performed in two patients, while seven patients underwent segmental ureterectomy and ureterocystoneostomy, with bladder psoas hitching in four cases and vesical flap according to Casati-Boari in one case. All three cases of bilateral involvement were treated by bilateral segmental ureterectomy and trans-uretero-uretero-cystoneostomy with bladder psoas hitching. Following histological examination, all patients were diagnosed with active ureteral endometriosis, which was found to be intrinsic in five cases (38.5%) and extrinsic in the other eight. One of the two patients that had undergone ureterectomy and termino-terminal anastomosis had to undergo ureteral resection and ureterocystoneostomy 22 months later due to relapsing endometriosis-induced stenosis. Conversely, no ureteral endometriosis relapses occurred in the remaining 12 patients within the mean follow-up time of 41.1 months (range 6–91). Ureteral endometriosis is marked by non-specific symptoms, making preoperative diagnosis often difficult. Therefore, an ultrasound or urographic examination of the urinary tract in case of pelvic endometriosis is absolutely essential. In our experience, terminal ureterectomy with ureterocystoneostomy has provided long-term favourable results as extended ureteral resection can be performed and continuity of the urinary tract can be restored without resorting to the distal pelvic ureter, which is often affected by the disease besides being more subject to relapses. Editorial Comment: The authors present an appropriate treatment option for a difficult problem. Frequently, endometriosis involving the urothelium, bladder or ureter is not responsive to medical management. This article further emphasizes the need to screen all patients who present with severe endometriosis for ureteral obstruction. A recent article (Yohannes P (2003) J Urol 170:20) discusses attempts at conservative therapy. However, close follow-up is required during attempts at conservative management. Those patients who have failed medical management and/or have extensive scarring with reduction in renal function will require surgery.     

Bowel endometriosis: Recent insights and unsolved problems

Bowel endometriosis affects between 3.8% and 37% of women with endometriosis.The evaluation of symptoms and clinical examination are inadequate for an accurate diagnosis of intestinal endometriosis.Transvaginal ultrasonography is the first line investigation in patients with suspected bowel endometriosis and allows accurate determination of the presence of the disease.Radiological techniques (such as magnetic resonance imaging and multidetector computerized tomography enteroclysis) are useful for estimating the extent of bowel endometriosis.Hormonal therapies (progestins,gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues and aromatase inhibitors) significantly improve pain and intestinal symptoms in patients with bowel stenosis less than 60% and who do not wish to conceive.However,hormonal therapies may not prevent the progression of bowel endometriosis and,therefore,patients receiving long-term treatment should be periodically monitored.Surgical excision of bowel endometriosis should be offered to symptomatic patients with bowel stenosis greater than 60%.Intestinal endometriotic nodules may be excised by nodulectomy or segmental resection.Both surgical procedures improve pain,intestinal symptoms and fertility.Nodulectomy may be associated with a lower rate of complications.     

Bilateral endometriosis of the ureter

A case of bilateral endometriosis of the ureter with bilateral ureteral obstruction is reported. Ureteroscopy failed to detect endometriosis, and only bilateral partial ureterecomy with end-to-end anastomosis revealed the diagnosis. Bilateral endometriosis is very rare. Either extrincic periureteral compression or intrinsic involvement of the ureteral wall causes ureteral obstruction, and may destroy the kidneys with few or no gynecological or urological symptoms. To facilitate early diagnosis and the initiation of appropriate therapy, the gynecologist should regularly search for clinical signs and symptoms of upper urinary tract obstruction in all women with genital endometriosis or a history of previous surgery for genital endometriosis. When renal ultrasound shows upper urinary tract dilatation, ureteral endometriosis should be suspected. The urologist should think of ureteral endometriosis in a premenopausal woman with unilateral or bilateral distal ureteral obstruction of unknown cause, especially when she suffers from genital endometriosis or has a history of this disease.     

Diagnosis and therapy of large intestine endometriosis

Six cases (1981/82) with endometriosis of the bowel are reported on. There was a gynecological and surgical examination after 6-12 months. Intestinal symptoms associated with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and nodules, involving the cul-de-sac, the uterosacral ligaments and the anterior surface of the rectum are important symptoms of colonic endometriosis. Problems in diagnosis were illustrated by extramucosal radiologic appearance and normal mucosa and extrinsic pressure by proctosigmoidoscopy. Five patients were treated with resection of the involved bowel. Endometriosis is sufficiently common that it should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of colon lesions of women of childbearing age. In all cases characteristical symptoms were related.     

急性肿瘤性结肠梗阻的治疗

目的:探讨急性肿瘤性结直肠梗阻的外科处理原则和方法。方法:回顾性分析103例急性肿瘤性结肠梗阻患者的临床资料。结果:全部患者经手术治疗，包括急诊手术80例，其中右半结肠癌25例均行一期切除吻合手术，左半结肠癌45例中一期切除吻合37例，直肠癌10例，均行急诊手术。择期性手术23例。术后发生吻合口瘘3例，肺部感染2例，盆腔感染1例，死亡1例，余均治愈出院。 结论:对于急性肿瘤性结肠梗阻除非有急诊手术指征，应首先采用非手术治疗1～3d，尽可能转为择期性手术；只要恰当掌握适应证，一期肿瘤切除吻合术是比较安全的；对于腹腔污染严重、肠壁穿孔，也应尽可能采用一期切除肿瘤。     

泌尿系子宫内膜异位症的诊断及治疗（附5例报告）

目的：探讨泌尿系子宫内膜异位症的诊断及治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析2001～2011年收治的5例病理确诊为泌尿系子宫内膜异位症患者的临床资料：平均年龄36岁。其中2例通过膀胱镜和活检确诊为膀胱子宫内膜异位症．3例通过超声、静脉尿路造影、输尿管镜检查确诊为左输尿管子宫内膜异位症。2例膀胱子宫内膜异位症均行经尿道膀胱肿物电切术,3例输尿管子宫内膜异位症均行开放手术治疗,其中1例行输尿管粘连松解术．2例行输尿管瘢痕狭窄段切除输尿管端端吻合术并处理盆腔子宫内膜异位病变。结果：膀胱子宫内膜异位l例术后10个月复发,行膀胱部分切除术治愈。所有患者术后病理检查报告均为子宫内膜异位症。随访10～60个月．术见复发及进展。结论：泌尿系子宫内膜异位症临床少见,膀胱子宫内膜异位症可以行经尿道电切及膀胱部分切除术,输尿管子宫内膜异位症的治疗方法取决于输尿管病变的位置、受累的深度及范同。     

青春期子宫内膜异位症13例临床分析

目的 探讨青春期子宫内膜异位症（endometriosis,EMT）的特点、诊断和治疗.方法 回顾分析2005年6月～2011年4月手术确诊的13例年龄≤20岁青春期EMT的临床资料.手术方法包括腹腔镜或开腹子宫内膜异位囊肿剔除,4例合并生殖道梗阻性畸形同期行整形手术解除梗阻.7例术后辅助药物治疗.结果 8例腹腔镜手术时间35～125min,平均50.6 min;术中出血10 ～120 ml,平均50.9 ml.4例腹腔镜联合宫腔镜手术时间78 ～245 min,平均129.7 min;术中出血10 ～300 ml,平均115.0 ml.1例开腹手术时间120 min,术中出血150 ml.无生殖道畸形9例行腹腔镜手术8例,开腹手术1例.按照美国生育协会修正的标准分期法（r-ASF）进行分期：Ⅰ期2例,Ⅱ期1例,Ⅲ期7例,Ⅳ期3例.10例随访6～72个月,平均48.6月,1例术后1年复发,9例症状缓解.结论 青春期EMT患者常合并生殖道畸形,主要症状为痛经或下腹痛,确诊依赖手术及病理诊断,手术治疗后根据患者情况选择药物辅助治疗.     

Endometriosis of the colon. Its diagnosis and management

Cases of endometriosis of the colon were examined in a retrospective fashion to illustrate the problems in diagnosis and management of this disease entity. Nine patients were identified from 1956 to 1988; their average age was 41 years. Common presenting symptoms were abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, tenesmus, small caliber stools, abdominal distention, and blood per rectum. Bowel symptoms were cyclic in four of the nine patients, and seven had a history of gynecologic complaints. Barium enema was performed in six patients and endoscopy in five patients. All cases involved the sigmoid or rectosigmoid colon. In no case was the diagnosis established endoscopically. Surgical procedures included resection with primary anastomosis (6 patients), and resection with sigmoid endcolostomy and Hartmann's pouch (3 patients). In only one case was full-thickness colonic wall involvement noted. One patient had an adenocarcinoma of the colon adjacent to the area of endometriosis. Our data indicate that the diagnosis of endometriosis of the colon should be considered in women with colonic symptoms, especially with an associated history of dysmenorrhea or cyclic changes in bowel habits. Surgical resection offers the best chance for relief of symptoms.     

Laparoscopic management of bowel endometriosis: predictors of severe disease and recurrence

Background and Objectives:

The identification of high-stage and recurrent cases of bowel endometriosis is critical, because these cases require careful surgical planning. We aim to describe the clinical characteristics of women with bowel endometriosis, our principles in laparoscopic management of this pathology, and to identify predictors of severe disease and recurrence.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study of 193 patients with pathologically confirmed bowel endometriosis.

Results:

Predictors of higher-stage endometriosis include a history of previous laparoscopic surgery (P=.04) and a presenting complaint of abnormal uterine bleeding (P=.01). The higher the stage of endometriosis, the more likely there would be coexistent urinary tract endometriosis (P=.02), a need for enterolysis (P=.002), ovarian cystectomy (P<.001), and bowel resection (P=.01) performed during laparoscopy. Patients with higher body mass index (BMI) had significantly higher recurrence rates of endometriosis compared to those with lower BMI (P=.002). Within our cohort, 87% of our patients achieved amelioration of symptoms by the end of the first postoperative month.

Conclusions:

Our study confirms that laparoscopic management of bowel endometriosis is safe and effective. We found 2 statistically significant predictors of higher-stage disease that should prompt careful surgical planning. Obesity is associated with a higher rate of recurrence of endometriosis.     

Laparoscopic disk resection for bowel endometriosis using a circular stapler and a new endoscopic method to control postoperative bleeding from the stapler line

BACKGROUND: Complete laparoscopic excision of endometriosis offers good longterm symptomatic relief, especially for those with severe or debilitating symptoms. Intestinal endometriosis affect between 3% and 36% of women with endometriosis and 50% of women with disease severe enough that intestinal surgery, with or without intestinal segmental resection, may be required. STUDY DESIGN: Between January 2003 and September 2006, we performed 35 laparoscopic complete excisions of endometriosis with full thickness disk resections of bowel endometriosis using the CEEA stapler (US Surgical) inserted transanally. RESULTS: The endometriotic nodule of the bowel was completely removed in all patients. No major or minor surgical complications occurred during the primary surgical procedure. One patient underwent a diverting temporary ileostomy because of air loss after insufflation of the rectosigmoid colon, which was closed successfully 1 month after surgery. In three of seven cases of rectal bleeding from the stapler line, for the first time, we successfully used conservative endoscopic management. CONCLUSIONS: In properly selected patients, full thickness disk excision using a circular stapler is a feasible procedure that avoids the potential morbidities of a low anastomosis. We suggest conservative management by endoscopic hemostasis before referring patients for a new operation in cases of rectal bleeding from the anastomotic site.     

Management of diverticular fistulae to the female genital tract

OBJECTIVE: Fistulae to the female genital tract are an infrequent but severe complication of diverticular disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate treatment and outcome in patients with diverticular colo-genital fistulae. METHOD: Sixty women treated for diverticular fistulae (DF) to the female genital tract during 1992-2004 were identified. Clinic and operative charts were reviewed. Mean age was 70 years and mean follow-up time after surgery was 1 year. RESULTS: Most common presenting symptoms were vaginal discharge of faeces or gas (95% of patients) and abdominal pain (43%). About 75% of patients had undergone a hysterectomy. Forty-six patients underwent at least one radiological contrast study and the fistula was demonstrated in 35 (76%) patients. Fifty-seven patients had surgery, and findings included colo-vaginal fistulae (n = 47), colo-uterine fistulae (n = 2) and multiple fistulae involving vagina and other organs (n = 8). A sigmoid resection and primary anastomosis was performed in 51 and a Hartmann procedure with colostomy in six patients. Sixteen (28%) patients experienced morbidity after surgery, including anastomotic dehiscence (n = 4) and ureteric injury (n = 3). There was no mortality. CONCLUSION: Diverticular fistulae to the female genital tract usually occur in elderly patients with a prior hysterectomy. Radiological contrast studies demonstrate the fistulous tract in most cases. Sigmoid resection and primary anastomosis results in a satisfactory outcome in the majority of patients.     

Enterovesical fistulas in Crohn''s disease.

A total of 19 enterovesical fistulas were recorded in a series of 799 patients with Crohn's disease (2.4%). The origin of the fistulas was: ileum (9), colon (6) and four were complex involving the small and large bowel. Only 13 patients presented with urinary symptoms: pneumaturia (9), haematuria (1) and urinary tract infection (3). Four fistulas were identified incidentally during contrast radiology, one fistula was identified during a laparotomy and one further fistula developed after a previous resection for Crohn's disease. Four patients were managed conservatively and all are asymptomatic, but it is not known whether the fistula has healed. Twelve fistulas were resected: 9 healed, 2 recurred and 1 patient died following resection for a malignant fistula complicating Crohn's disease. Early in the series three patients were managed by bypass or defunction of the fistula. In all cases the sepsis persisted resulting in mortality. Persistent symptomatic fistulas should be treated by resection of the affected segment of bowel with primary anastomosis if appropriate. The defect in the bladder should be closed over an indwelling catheter which should not be removed until there is radiological confirmation that the bladder defect has healed satisfactorily.     

Factors affecting prognosis in patients with short bowel syndrome

Aim of the study is to analyse physiopathological implications of massive intestinal resection and factors affecting prognosis in patients with short bowel syndrome. Twenty massive intestinal resections were performed. The causes of bowel resection were: intestinal infarction (11 cases), Crohn's disease (5 cases), small bowel volvulus (4 cases). All intestinal resections were more than 50-60% of the intestinal length. In eighteen patients intestinal anastomosis was performed immediately. In all the patients postoperative therapy with parenteral nutrition (PN) was performed. The operative morbidity and thirty-day mortality were respectively 30% (6 cases) and 35% (7 cases). The diarrhea was the dominant symptom. The average weight was 20% lower compared to the initial weight. The length of residual small bowel and type of anastomosis strongly affect survival of patients underwent massive intestinal resections. Parenteral nutrition (PN) has great importance in postoperative treatment. A useful treatment, in severe short bowel syndrome, can be small bowel transplantation.     

Strategy for Surgical Management of Ileocolonic Anastomotic Recurrence in Crohn's Disease

After resection for ileocecal or ileocolonic Crohn's disease anastomotic recurrence is common, and many patients require further surgery. This study reviews our overall experience of surgery for ileocolonic anastomotic recurrence of Crohn's disease so we can propose a strategy for management. A series of 109 patients who underwent surgery for anastomotic recurrence after ileocecal or ileocolonic resection for Crohn's disease between 1984 and 1997 were reviewed. Ileocolonic recurrence was treated by strictureplasty in 39 patients and resection in 70 (with sutured end-to-end anastomosis, 48; stapled side-to-side anastomosis, 22). Stapled anastomosis has been frequently used between 1995 and 1997. Short recurrence was mainly treated by strictureplasty, and long or perforating disease was resected. Coexisting small bowel disease was more common in the patients having strictureplasty. Septic complications (leak/fistula/abscess) related to the ileocolonic procedure occurred in 1 of 39 patients (3%) after strictureplasty, in 6 of 48 (13%) after resection with sutured anastomosis, and in none of 22 after resection with stapled anastomosis. The median duration of follow-up was 90 months after strictureplasty, 105 months after resection with sutured anastomosis, and 22 months after resection with stapled anastomosis. Altogether 18 of 39 patients (46%) after strictureplasty, 22 of 48 (46%) after resection with sutured anastomosis, and none of 22 after resection with stapled anastomosis required further surgery for suture line recurrence. In conclusion, strictureplasty is useful for short ileocolonic recurrence in patients with multifocal small bowel disease or previous extensive resection. Stapled side-to-side anastomosis was associated with a low incidence of complications, and early recurrence was not observed, although the duration of follow-up was short.     

泌尿系子宫内膜异位症临床诊治特点分析

目的 探讨泌尿系子宫内膜异位症的临床诊治特点.方法 女性泌尿系子宫内膜异位症患者10例.平均年龄39(28～49)岁.病史6个月～3年.膀胱子宫内膜异位症4例,临床表现为月经期尿路刺激症、下腹部坠痛不适感,其中伴肉眼血尿1例.B超、CT检查提示膀胱占位病变直径2.0～3.5 cm.输尿管子宫内膜异位症6例,左侧4例,右侧2例.临床表现为腰腹部不适4例,间断无痛性肉眼血尿1例,查体B超偶然发现肾积水1例.B超检查肾盂分离2.0～4.5 cm,输尿管中上段扩张1.0～2.0 cm,其中1例输尿管下端占位伴肾重度积水;CT检查输尿管下段狭窄5例,长度2.0～3.0 cm;输尿管下段占位病变1例.结果 10例均行手术治疗.膀胱部分切除4例,其中同时切除双卵巢、子宫1例;输尿管部分切除输尿管膀胱吻合术3例,输尿管端端吻合术2例,肾输尿管全长切除1例.术后病理诊断均为子宫内膜异位症.术后9例服用17α-乙炔睾丸酮200 mg,2次/d,持续6～12个月.10例患者随访12～60个月,8例恢复良好;2例输尿管子宫内膜异位症患者术后18、24个月复发,予内置输尿管支架管,分别口服17α-乙炔睾丸酮及注射戈舍瑞林治疗3个月后症状缓解.结论 泌尿系子宫内膜异位症多无特异性表现,术前确诊困难,手术切除病灶效果好,辅助药物治疗可预防复发.     

Endometriosis of the urinary tract in women of reproductive age

AIM: We present our experience with diagnosing and treating 22 cases of urinary tract endometriosis in women of reproductive age. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 2001 to January 2003, 22 women of reproductive age (mean age 34.8 years) were diagnosed suffering from endometriosis of the urinary tract. We used the Endoscopic Endometriosis Classification (EEC) for assessing the stage of endometriosis. RESULTS: Endometriosis was present in the bladder, the lower third of the ureter, and in a postnephrectomy ureteral stump in 15 (68.1%), six (27.2%) and one (4.5%) cases, respectively. The EEC classification revealed stages I, II, III and IV in four (18.1%), one (4.5%), one (4.5%), and 16 (72.7%) patients, respectively. Urinary symptoms were present in 14 (63.6%) patients. For the treatment of bladder endometriosis, 10 patients underwent partial cystectomy, while the remaining five patients were treated with transurethral resection. In four patients ureterolysis was performed, by laparoscopy in two cases and by open surgery in the other two cases. Ureterectomy and re-implantation with bladder psoas hitching took place in six patients. In the case of endometriosis of the ureteral stump, open surgical excision took place. During the mean follow-up period of 20 months (range 16-40) no long-term complication or relapse was diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: Bladder and ureteral endometriosis should be considered in women of reproductive age with non-specific urinary tract or abdominal symptoms, and surgical treatment is recommended.     

泌尿系子宫内膜异位症临床诊治特点分析

目的 探讨泌尿系子宫内膜异位症的临床诊治特点.方法 女性泌尿系子宫内膜异位症患者10例.平均年龄39(28～49)岁.病史6个月～3年.膀胱子宫内膜异位症4例,临床表现为月经期尿路刺激症、下腹部坠痛不适感,其中伴肉眼血尿1例.B超、CT检查提示膀胱占位病变直径2.0～3.5 cm.输尿管子宫内膜异位症6例,左侧4例,右侧2例.临床表现为腰腹部不适4例,间断无痛性肉眼血尿1例,查体B超偶然发现肾积水1例.B超检查肾盂分离2.0～4.5 cm,输尿管中上段扩张1.0～2.0 cm,其中1例输尿管下端占位伴肾重度积水;CT检查输尿管下段狭窄5例,长度2.0～3.0 cm;输尿管下段占位病变1例.结果 10例均行手术治疗.膀胱部分切除4例,其中同时切除双卵巢、子宫1例;输尿管部分切除输尿管膀胱吻合术3例,输尿管端端吻合术2例,肾输尿管全长切除1例.术后病理诊断均为子宫内膜异位症.术后9例服用17α-乙炔睾丸酮200 mg,2次/d,持续6～12个月.10例患者随访12～60个月,8例恢复良好;2例输尿管子宫内膜异位症患者术后18、24个月复发,予内置输尿管支架管,分别口服17α-乙炔睾丸酮及注射戈舍瑞林治疗3个月后症状缓解.结论 泌尿系子宫内膜异位症多无特异性表现,术前确诊困难,手术切除病灶效果好,辅助药物治疗可预防复发.     

泌尿系子宫内膜异位症临床诊治特点分析

目的 探讨泌尿系子宫内膜异位症的临床诊治特点.方法 女性泌尿系子宫内膜异位症患者10例.平均年龄39(28～49)岁.病史6个月～3年.膀胱子宫内膜异位症4例,临床表现为月经期尿路刺激症、下腹部坠痛不适感,其中伴肉眼血尿1例.B超、CT检查提示膀胱占位病变直径2.0～3.5 cm.输尿管子宫内膜异位症6例,左侧4例,右侧2例.临床表现为腰腹部不适4例,间断无痛性肉眼血尿1例,查体B超偶然发现肾积水1例.B超检查肾盂分离2.0～4.5 cm,输尿管中上段扩张1.0～2.0 cm,其中1例输尿管下端占位伴肾重度积水;CT检查输尿管下段狭窄5例,长度2.0～3.0 cm;输尿管下段占位病变1例.结果 10例均行手术治疗.膀胱部分切除4例,其中同时切除双卵巢、子宫1例;输尿管部分切除输尿管膀胱吻合术3例,输尿管端端吻合术2例,肾输尿管全长切除1例.术后病理诊断均为子宫内膜异位症.术后9例服用17α-乙炔睾丸酮200 mg,2次/d,持续6～12个月.10例患者随访12～60个月,8例恢复良好;2例输尿管子宫内膜异位症患者术后18、24个月复发,予内置输尿管支架管,分别口服17α-乙炔睾丸酮及注射戈舍瑞林治疗3个月后症状缓解.结论 泌尿系子宫内膜异位症多无特异性表现,术前确诊困难,手术切除病灶效果好,辅助药物治疗可预防复发.