休宁县消灭血吸虫病后血防健康教育效果

休宁县于1992年达到消灭血吸虫病标准。多年来已无新感染病人发生,近年的多次螺情调查均未发现螺点。为配合阻断血吸虫病传播后的巩固监测工作,我县于1996、1997年对血防知识、卫生行为进行了健康教育试点,并对效果进行了调查与分析,结果如下。     

云南省洱源县血吸虫病流行区血防健康教育效果观察

目的寻找适合在血防工作中山区与坝区的不同健康教育方式。方法 2010-2014年在云南省洱源县高原峡谷型血吸虫病流行区新庄村,平坝型血吸虫病流行区永乐村实施对6~65岁目标人群发宣传单、日历、宣传画、在人群常聚地写永久标语和宣传栏、中小学生上血防课健康教育干预措施。结果永乐村血防知识知晓率上升7.9%,接触疫水人群降低,行为不正确率下降9.93%。永乐村人群粪检阳性率由5.5%(29/528)下降至0.44%(7/1 608),下降92%;新庄行政村血防知识知晓率上升16.27%,接触疫水人群降低,行为不正确率下降39.93%,新庄村人群粪检阳性率由5.71%(21/368)下降至0.12%(1/828),下降97.90%。结论云南省洱源县高原峡谷型血吸虫病流行区健康教育效果比平坝型流行区效果好,在云南平坝型血吸虫病流行区,健康教育的方式和方法上有待进一步改进。     

基本消灭血吸虫病地区血防健康教育初探

玉山县属山丘型血吸虫病重度流行区 ,历史钉螺面积 6 377万 m2 ,累计血吸虫病人 47996人 ,其中晚期病人6 32 2人 ,病牛 33 6 75头。经过 40多年的反复防治 ,于 1995年达到基本消灭血吸虫病标准 ,钉螺面积压缩 98% ,病人已减少 92 .7%。随着病情、螺情的大幅度减轻 ,疫区干部、群众的血防自觉参与意识日渐淡薄 ,这不仅影响血防成果的巩固 ,而且增加血防工作难度。一个地方基本消灭血吸虫病之后 ,如何有效地开展血防健康教育 ,促进防治工作的不断深入开展 ,这是需要研究的重要课题。经过几年实践 ,有如下体会。1　建立健全组织 ,完善健教网络1…     

基本消灭血吸虫病地区血防健康教育初探

南通市属血吸虫病轻流行区,全市8县(市)中,有7个县(市)流行血吸虫病或仅有钉螺分布,历史累计查出钉螺面积8900多万m~2,病人2万余例,病牛678头。经过多年防治,全市于1976年达到基本消灭血吸虫病标准,并有4个县(区)达到了消灭血吸虫病标准。但是,基本消灭血吸虫病地区随着钉螺面积大幅度减少和人、畜病情的减轻,群众血防自我保护意识和自觉参与意识日渐淡漠,非但影响当地消灭血吸虫病进程,而且也使正在进行的血防工作难度增加。为此,我市近3年积极开展血防健康教育,以利促进血防工作的深入开展。     

基本消灭血吸虫病地区血防健康促进措施与效果

盐城市地处黄海之滨 ,所辖东台、大丰两市为血吸虫病流行区 ,流行区总人口 191.6 8万人 ,累计有螺面积 2 .92亿m2 ,病人 2 4.80万人。经过多年的科学防治 ,综合治理 ,于1976年达到了控制血吸虫病流行的技术标准。自 1992年以来 ,将健康教育与健康促进模式渗透在血防工作中 ,开展农业、水利、文教、卫生、宣传等部门共同参与的血防健康促进活动 ,使目标人群血防知识知晓率和卫生行为形成率 ,人、畜查病和化疗的依从性均比活动前明显提高 ,有螺环境得到大面积改造 ,有力地促进了血防工作的深入开展。1　方法1.1　基线调查　 1992年采用问卷个…     

2016年什邡市血防健康教育基地学校血防知识健康教育效果评估

目的评价在血防健康教育基地学校中开展血防知识健康教育的效果,为进一步开展中小学生健康教育工作奠定基础。方法 2016年选取什邡市2所血防健康教育基地学校3~5年级学生作为干预组,选取什邡市2所普通小学3~5年级学生作为对照组,在干预组学校开展多种形式的血防知识健康教育工作。通过问卷调查,了解干预前后学生血防知识知、信、行的变化,对健康教育效果进行评价。结果实施干预前(2016年初)基地学校实验组小学生预防血吸虫病知晓率及健康行为形成率分别为78.95%和71.93%,干预后上升为98.41%和90.49%;非基地学校对照组实施干预前(2016年初)小学生预防血吸虫病知晓率及健康行为形成率分别为77.2%和70.98%,干预后上升为78.63%和72.05%,基地学校学生健康教育知晓率和健康行为形成率明显提高,两者差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论建立血防健康教育基地学校效果显著,起到了保护学生健康的作用。     

中小学生暑假前血防健康教育效果

暑假学生离校时间长 ,又是血吸虫病易感季节 ,暑假前开展血防健康教育十分重要。为此 ,在 1998- 2 0 0 1年对血吸虫病流行区的学校进行了健康教育干预措施 ,现将观察结果报告如下。1　材料与方法1.1　现场选择　在七一水库中、东干渠沿线 8个乡 (镇 ) 2 0所中、小学校 ,按调查内容 ,统一调查时间、方法和标准 ,进行问卷调查。设实验组与对照组各 10所学校 ,每年采用随机抽样调查 ,学生 2 0 0 0人以上。1.2　行为学调查　以血吸虫病预防性行为 (避免生活性接触疫水 )了解学生卫生行为意识变化情况。1.3　感染率调查　普查 IHA阳性者进行粪…     

仪征市学生血防健康教育效果调查

仪征市在试点学校连续3年开展血防健康教育，学生的血防知识知晓率和行为正确率分别从项目实施前的56．65％和51．07％提高到91．17％和93．77％，健康教育效果显著。     

南京市栖霞区学生血防健康教育效果

急性血吸虫感染(急感)与人的行为密切相关。在血吸虫病流行区,学生急感约占发病总人数的40%,为重点防治目标人群。为探讨在血吸虫病流行区开展学校健康教育的方法、经验和效果,我们于2001~2004年选择2所小学进行血防健康教育,取得了较为满意的效果。1内容与方法1.1试区选择八卦洲和龙潭镇花园2所小学3~5年级学生为实验区对象。同时选择基本情况相似的另一学校作为对照区。采用“测试(试卷) 问卷”的方法,调查学生健康教育前后的血防知识、卫生行为,统计正确应答数、应答率、卫生知识来源途径等。1.2干预措施在实验区每年有计划地开展学生血…     

Patient education for preventing diabetic foot ulceration

Treatment of diabetic foot ulceration is very challenging, costly and often needs to be of long duration. This leads to substantial economic burden. Population-based research suggests that a meaningful reduction of the incidence of amputations caused by diabetes mellitus has already been achieved since the St. Vincent resolution in 1989. Still, it cannot be inferred from these studies that the current preventive efforts are (cost-)effective because reduction of amputation incidence can also be the result of improvements in ulcer treatment. Nevertheless, education of people with diabetes is widely advocated and implemented in standard practice. Despite the fact that preventive interventions are often combined in daily practice, there is little scientific evidence demonstrating the effect of those efforts. In systematically reviewing the evidence, there is insufficient evidence that limited patient education alone is effective in achieving clinically relevant reductions in ulcer and amputation incidence. To date, high quality evidence that more complex interventions including patient education can prevent diabetic foot ulceration is not available either. This, however, should be interpreted as lack of evidence rather than evidence of no effect. Future directions for research and practice may be to concentrate preventive effort on those patients who appear to be at highest risk of foot ulceration after careful screening and selection.     

Efficacy of immunized milk for preventing viral infection

This paper investigated the efficacy of passive protection provided by milk (immunized milk) against enterovirus infection in mice experimentally infected with enterovirus. Milk with a high antibody titer against six enterovirus serotypes was prepared from hyperimmunized goat. In vivo and in vitro experiments were performed and the results showed that immunized milk has an antiviral activity against enterovirus infection. Further observation was performed using Coxsackie B 3 virus (CVB 3). When immunized milk was orally applied to mice prior to oral inoculation with CVB 3, preventive effects against viral infection such as reduction of histopathological changes in the heart and reduced detection of the virus genome in the organs were seen. The antiviral effect was also indicated by the increase of CD4+T cells proportion in the i-IEL. The proportion of virus specific CD4+T cells was increased in mice treated with immunized milk, whereas no such increase was detected in control mice. These results suggest that oral application of immunized milk is not only capable of preventing viral infection but also induces specific immunological responses. These phenomena may play an important role in host defense mechanisms.     

Procedure-specific infection control for preventing intraoperative blood exposures

Contemporary intraoperative infection control must address the risks of infection transmission to both patients and their providers. The patient must be protected from intraoperative wound contamination and exposure to blood-borne pathogens during procedures. Providers must be protected from injuries and mucocutaneous exposure to the patient's blood. Procedure-specific infection control precautions, or similar strategies that address this bidirectional potential for infection transmission, may prove successful in accomplishing improved safety for all.     

伊曲康唑口服液预防急性白血病深部真菌感染的疗效

目的:评价伊曲康唑口服液预防急性白血病(AL)深部真菌感染疗效及安全性。方法:2004年12月～2005年12月我科AL住院高危患者入选研究。治疗组接受伊曲康唑口服液预防性治疗,剂量为200mg,每天2次,持续至粒细胞缺乏(粒缺)恢复或发生发热或其他感染性事件。对照组不接受任何抗真菌药物治疗。结果:143例患者入选研究,其中预防治疗组65例患者,17例(26.2%)出现发热,对照组78例患者,26例(33.3%)出现发热。两组比较,发热事件的发生率无统计学意义(P=0.367)。伊曲康唑口服液的主要不良反应为腹泻(9.2%)。预防治疗组抗真菌治疗总费用为390233元,人均6004元;对照组抗真菌治疗总费用为410200元,人均5259元。预防治疗组的粒缺-真菌治疗终点住院时间短于对照组(P=0.048)。结论:伊曲康唑口服液可安全地应用于AL患者深部真菌感染预防治疗。     

健康教育对临界高血压的作用分析

目的观察健康教育对临界高血压的作用。方法将156例临界高血压患者随机分为两组。教育组采取针对性健康教育，并每周进行随访指导、记录血压水平测血压1次／w；对照组每周测血压一次并记录。结果教育组血压显著下降，对照组血压略有上升，两组对比有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论通过健康教育达到了稳步降压的目的。     

Information technology use in preventing infection

Infection prevention requires handling enormous amounts of medical information collection, analysis, and delivery--a cumbersome, inefficient process. Hospital information system (HIS) data not intended for preventing infection cannot be used directly for such prevention. The rapid introduction of information technology in infection prevention can potentially solve these problems. The IT-based infection prevention system (ITIPS) structure depends on the purpose specified, however, and using this information in hospitals requires that the detailed HIS structure be clarified, especially the connection between HIS and ITIPS. The future ITIPS role is envisioned in early infection detection and warning. This, in turn, requires that ITIPS field operational support systems for medical staff mature further.     

情境教育预防小学生血吸虫感染的效果研究

目的评价情境教育对预防小学生血吸虫感染的效果,以探索适合小学生特点的血吸虫病健康教育新模式。方法我们在一山丘型血吸虫病重流行区选择了相距7.5km,生产、生活方式和社会经济状况相同的两个村的两所小学,其三年级以上学生为实验对象。对一所小学分别在易感季节前、放暑假前和秋季开学后对研究对象在疫源地现场开展3次情景教育,每次一节课;在相同时间对另一所小学的研究对象在教室开展常规课堂教育。结果通过情景教育,学生的血防知识正确率由教育前的29.9%上升到65.4%,血防信念由88.1%上升到93.5%,差异均有显著性,而卫生血防行为无明显改变,学生血吸虫感染率由3.15%下降到0.9%,差异有显著性。通过常规课堂教育,学生血防知识和血防信念正确率均无明显改变,而卫生血防行为由教育前的45.0%上升到教育后的55.0%,差异有显著性,学生血吸虫感染率没有发生明显变化。结论情景教育预防小学生血吸虫感染的效果明显好于常规课堂教育,是一种花费小、效果好、操作简便的血吸虫病健康教育新模式,值得在中小学校推广应用。     

Health assessment for chronic HCV infection

The perception that chronic hepatitis C is an asymptomatic disease contrasts with many studies that show a strong association between chronic hepatitis C, hepatocellular cancer, and fatal liver disease. In order to resolve these issues, it is logical to directly evaluate the quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis C and to compare this to the normal population as well as cohorts of patients with other chronic diseases. The Sickness Impact Profile was used to evaluate the impact of disease and interferon therapy on health-related quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Using this tool, patients with chronic hepatitis C had a total Sickness Impact Profile score of 9.0, compared with a score of 3.6 among the general population (P<0.05). Patients with chronic hepatitis C also had significantly worse scores in almost every category of the Sickness Impact Profile that could be compared. However, statistically significant differences were observed only at the 24-week evaluation for work and at the end-point evaluation for the sleep and rest and recreation and pastimes categories. A more sophisticated instrument, based on the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short-form health survey, found that patients with chronic hepatitis C scored significantly lower (P<0.01) than the general population on each of the subscales in this survey. In addition, they scored significantly lower than patients with hypertension in seven of the subscales and two additional generic scales. Patients with chronic hepatitis C were most comparable to those with type II diabetes. A larger, more comprehensive study is underway to further evaluate these relationships.