腹腔镜胆囊切除术14例中转开腹原因的分析

目的探讨如何提高腹腔镜胆囊切除术的成功率,减少并发症的发生率。方法对2002年7月~2004年8月间共439例腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料进行回顾性分析,研究中转开腹的原因和并发症的处理方式。结果本组LC439例中转开腹14例,中转率3.19%。其中主动中转开腹12例,肝总管横断1例,合并结肠肝曲肿瘤1例。术后4例发生胆漏。结论LC是胆囊良性疾病的首先术式。严格掌握LC的手术适应证,提高镜下操作技术,及时中转开腹,可减少术后并发症。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术396例分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的适应证选择及并发症的防治方法。方法对396例应用腹腔镜技术行胆囊切除病例的病史资料进行分析,探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术适应证的选择和手术并发症的防治措施。结果LC治愈386例(97.47%),中转开腹手术10例(2.53%),其中8例因严重炎性粘连解剖不清而中转开腹,1例因腹腔广泛粘连不能视及胆囊而中转开腹,另外1例因术中发现肝总管损伤中转开腹行胆肠吻合术。术后并发症6例(1.52%),分别为上腹部切口感染3例,上腹部切口疝1例,胆总管残留结石2例,均治愈。无手术死亡病例。结论LC适应证广、且具有创伤小、术后疼痛轻、恢复快、住院时间短等优点;减少和避免严重并发症的发生是治疗LC应重视的问题。     

130例复杂腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床分析

目的探讨复杂胆囊疾病腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)的方式、技术和临床效果。方法将130例复杂胆囊疾病患者做为A组,将130例同期一般胆囊疾病行LC的患者作为B组。比较2组患者的中转开腹率及术后并发症发生率。结果 A组中转开腹5例(3.8%),术后出现并发症6例(4.6%);B组中转开腹2例(1.5%),术后出现并发症3例(2.3%)。2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论复杂胆囊疾病LC手术患者的中转开腹率及术后并发症发生率明显高于一般胆囊疾病行LC的患者,应严格掌握手术适应证。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除中转开腹手术83例临床分析

目的　探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)中转开腹手术的临床意义。方法　对 1992年 5月～ 2 0 0 2年 7月 2 15 2例LC中 83例中转开腹手术进行回顾性分析。结果　本组中转开腹率为3.85 % ,中转开腹后除了 4例行胆囊大部切除术外 ,其余均完整切除胆囊 ,对并发症作相应的处理 ,全部病例均治愈。结论　要一分为二的正确对待中转开腹手术 ,既要努力降低LC的中转率 ,又要强调为防止发生严重并发症 ,掌握好中转开腹指征 ,及时果断地中转开腹     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎临床分析

目的观察腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的效果。方法将96例结石性胆囊炎患者随机分为2组,每组48例。腹腔镜组实施LC,开腹组行开腹胆囊切除术。观察2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间和术后并发症发生率等。结果腹腔镜组中1例患者因胆囊三角区严重粘连导致解剖困难,1例因胆囊床出血镜下止血困难,均中转开腹行胆囊切除术。其余2组均成功完成手术。2组患者手术时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜组术中出血量、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间、并发症发生率等均少于或短于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 LC治疗急性结石性胆囊炎具有创伤小、并发症少及康复快等优势,但应严格掌握手术适应证和把握中转开腹手术的时机。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急胆囊炎248例临床分析

目的:探讨急性胆囊炎时行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗的临床疗效及处理方法.方法回顾我院248例急性胆囊炎行LC术的临床资料.结果:完成LC术242例,中转开腹6例.中转率2.4％,所有病人无胆道损伤、腹腔大出血及感染等并发症.结论:对于急性胆囊炎时行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,只要处理方法得当,并不增加中转开腹率和并发症的发生率.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术并发症的危险因素分析

目的　探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)后并发症的危险因素。方法　回顾性分析 1991年3月至 2 0 0 3年 6月 11974例腹腔镜胆囊切除术并发症的临床资料 ,采用 χ2 检验和Logistic回归方法对可能导致LC并发症的 15个临床相关因素进行多因素回归分析。结果　LC术后并发症的发生率为1 896 % (2 2 7/11974 ) ,中转手术率为 2 389% (2 86 /11974 ) ,其中因发生并发症而中转开腹 6 5例 ,占2 2 7% (6 5 /2 86 )。Logistic回归分析显示 ,按其对并发症发生影响强弱程度 ,Calot三角粘连、病期、术者的手术经验、胆囊壁厚度 (B超 )、胆囊与周围粘连依次为导致LC并发症发生的主要危险因素。结论　加强医师的腹腔镜技术培训 ,正确掌握中转开腹的时机是降低LC手术严重并发症发生的有效措施。     

腹腔粘连对腹腔镜胆囊切除术的影响

目的　探讨腹腔粘连对腹腔镜胆囊切除术的影响。　方法　回顾性对照研究既往有腹部手术史的病人进行腹腔镜胆囊切除临床资料。研究组 35例 ,既往有 (1～ 2 )次腹部手术史 ;对照组 35例与研究组在性别 ,年龄 ,胆囊疾病史及手术适应证方面差异无显著性。　结果　研究组手术时间为 (10 2± 4 2 )分钟 ,中转开腹率 2 8% (1 35 ) ,手术并发症发生率 (0 % ) ,术后住院时间 (2 2± 0 4 )天 ;对照组分别为 (96± 36 )分钟 ,0 % ,0 %和 (2± 0 )天 ,(t=0 6 4 2 ,P >0 0 5 ;χ2 =1 0 14 ,P >0 0 5 ;t=2 95 8,P =0 0 0 4 )。但是 ,有上腹部手术史的病人手术时间 (12 0± 5 4 )分钟较对照组明显延长 (t=2 12 3,P <0 0 5 )。　结论　腹腔粘连对腹腔镜胆囊切除术的手术时间、并发症发生率、中转开腹率无影响 ,但既往有上腹部手术史的病人其腹腔镜胆囊切除术时间明显延长。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术在老年急性胆囊炎患者中的应用探讨

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗老年人急性胆囊炎的可行性及临床疗效。方法回顾2008年1月—2011年2月收治的135例老年人(≥65岁)急性胆囊炎患者均实施腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的临床资料,对其手术时间、中转开腹例数、术后并发症、住院天数等临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 135例LC中,完成131例,成功率97.04%;中转开腹4例,中转开腹率2.96%。术后并发症5例(3.7%),包括胆瘘1例,皮下气肿1例,肺部感染2例,腹壁戳孔出血1例。无死亡病例,均治愈出院。结论老年急性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜手术是安全可行的,应该成为首选的治疗方法。应重视围手术期处理,合理选择手术时机、术中细致操作、适时中转开腹可减少和避免术后并发症的发生。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术致严重并发症的分布及危险因素分析—单中心71238例临床资料总结

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)导致严重并发症的分布及相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析1992年10月～2011年07月71238例腹腔镜胆囊切除术并发症的临床资料,采用χ2检验和Logistic回归方法对可能导致LC并发症的16个临床相关因素进行统计学分析。结果 LC术后严重并发症的发生率为0.37%(262/71238),其中因发生并发症而中转开腹173例,占66.1%(173/262)。Logistic回归分析显示:Calot三角粘连、解剖变异、病期、胆囊壁厚度、胆囊萎缩为导致LC并发症发生的主要危险因素。结论加强医师的腹腔镜技术培训,严格掌握LC适应证,正确掌握中转开腹的时机是降低LC手术严重并发症发生的有效措施。     

B超检查对预测腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹的意义

目的:探讨B超检查结果用于预测腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中转开腹的意义。方法:回顾分析2005年1月至2007年1月施行LC 510例患者的术前B超检查结果与LC中转开腹的关系。结果:LC成功492例,中转开腹18例,中转率3.5%(18/510)。B超诊断结果与手术结果相符。结论:胆囊萎缩、囊壁增厚、胆囊颈部嵌顿结石会增加LC的中转开腹率,术前B超检查对预测LC中转开腹具有重要意义。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残余小胆囊的诊治和预防

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残余小胆囊的诊治经验和预防措施.方法 回顾性分析新疆克拉玛依市中心医院自1994年12月至2007年12月收治的12例腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残余小胆囊的临床资料.结果 该组12例,腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残余小胆囊发生率为0.46%(12/2609),均经再次手术证实,其中伴结石者3例;经再次手术切除胆囊管残株、清除残余结石而治愈,效果良好.结论 腹腔镜胆日囊切除术后残余小胆囊首选B超或MRI检查,确诊后再次手术切除残株是治疗该病的有效方法.严格把握腹腔镜胆囊切除术的适应证,强调手术操作规范,是预防本病发生的关键.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残余小胆囊的诊治和预防

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残余小胆囊的诊治经验和预防措施.方法 回顾性分析新疆克拉玛依市中心医院自1994年12月至2007年12月收治的12例腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残余小胆囊的临床资料.结果 该组12例,腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残余小胆囊发生率为0.46%(12/2609),均经再次手术证实,其中伴结石者3例;经再次手术切除胆囊管残株、清除残余结石而治愈,效果良好.结论 腹腔镜胆日囊切除术后残余小胆囊首选B超或MRI检查,确诊后再次手术切除残株是治疗该病的有效方法.严格把握腹腔镜胆囊切除术的适应证,强调手术操作规范,是预防本病发生的关键.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残余小胆囊的诊治和预防

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残余小胆囊的诊治经验和预防措施.方法 回顾性分析新疆克拉玛依市中心医院自1994年12月至2007年12月收治的12例腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残余小胆囊的临床资料.结果 该组12例,腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残余小胆囊发生率为0.46%(12/2609),均经再次手术证实,其中伴结石者3例;经再次手术切除胆囊管残株、清除残余结石而治愈,效果良好.结论 腹腔镜胆日囊切除术后残余小胆囊首选B超或MRI检查,确诊后再次手术切除残株是治疗该病的有效方法.严格把握腹腔镜胆囊切除术的适应证,强调手术操作规范,是预防本病发生的关键.     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis

The application of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Lap. C) for acute cholecystitis (AC) remains controversial from the viewpoint of its higher rate of morbidity, and conversion to open surgery, in spite of the worldwide acceptance of Lap. C as the gold standard for the treatment of patients with symptomatic gallbladder diseases. The conversion rate has been reported to decrease with experience. Local and overall complication rates were shown to correlate with the time delay between the onset of acute symptoms and the operation. Although percutaneous gallbladder drainage (PGBD) has been reported to be a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of AC, it should be limited to high-risk groups such as elderly or critically ill patients. Early cholecystectomy within 4 days from the onset is strongly recommended to minimize surgical complications and to increase the chance of a successful laparoscopic approach. Received: April 29, 2002 / Accepted: May 30, 2002 Offprint requests to: S. Kitano     

急症腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹危险因素的分析

目的:分析术前预测急症腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中转开腹的可能性,以期找到客观、实用、准确率高的预测LC手术难易度的方法,并选择适当的手术方式.方法:回顾分析2005～2009年120例急症LC中38例中转开腹患者的临床资料.从胆囊炎、胆囊结石疾病病理方面提取胆囊...     

Iatrogenic perforation of the gallbladder during laparoscopic cholecystectomy does not influence the prognosis. Prospective study

BACKGROUND: Perforation of the gallbladder and spillage of gallstones frequently occur in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. As stones may be lost and as spilled bile is known to be contaminated, influence on morbidity may be expected. AIMS: To evaluate the immediate and late consequences on morbidity of peroperative gallbladder perforation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in an universitary hospital center. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty one LC were prospectively evaluated with a mean follow-up of 30 months. Elective operations on 30 men and 91 women with a mean age of 56.4 years (18-85) were carried out for symptomatic cholecystolithiasis in 97 cases (80%), and in 24 cases for complicated cholecystolithiasis. The "french technique" was used for all LC, with systematic intra-operative cholangiography and ultra Sonography. Thirty-seven (30.5%) LC were performed by surgical trainees, 84 LC by confirmed surgeons. The consequences of ultra-operative gallbladder perforation were evaluated in the immediate postoperative period, especially for septic complications, and thereafter, patients were followed up 1, 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Ultra-operative gallbladder perforation occurred in 24 cases (20%), in 83.3% during gallbladder dissection. Gallstone spillage occurred six times, and all spilled stones were removed. Gallbladder perforation was more frequent (but non significant) in acute cholecystitis (25 vs 19%, ns). A clear correlation to the skill and experience of the surgeon is shown (32.4 vs 14.2%, P =0.01). Gallbladder perforation is accompanied by an elevated (nonsignificant) postoperative morbidity (16.6 vs 7.2%, P =0.62) which is, in fact related to older patient and more acute cholecystitis in this group. No reoperations were necessary. One and two years follow-up revealed no long-term complications specially due to lost gallstones. CONCLUSION: Peroperative gallbladder perforation during LC carries no morbidity, provided a total and complete recuperation of gallstones spilled and local treatment of bile contamination with local irrigation and antibiotics. This complication is correlated to the surgeon's skill and experience.     

老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术的围手术期处理

目的探讨老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术围手术期处理方法。方法回顾性分析我院2000年9月-2007年11月对760例老年胆囊疾病病人行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料。结果本组有748例成功实施了腹腔镜胆囊切除术,有12例因炎性粘连或机械故障等原因中转开腹。腹腔镜手术时间为30-100min,平均40min。术中平均出血量为20ml。发生手术后并发症11例。术后平均住院时间4d。结论只要重视围手术期的处理,对老年病人也可以安全地施行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the obese patient

Summary Between September 1990 and September 1991 laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) was performed in 310 patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis by using a four-cannula technique. Of this group, 282 were normal or overweight (group A) and 28 were obese (group B) according to classification using the Body Mass Index. Forty-one patients had cholecystitis of varying degree. There were no deaths in this series. The conversion rate to laparotomy was 2.9% and the morbidity was 5.4%. There was no statistical difference between groups A and B in relation to the length of procedure, conversion rate, or morbidity. This small series suggests that laparoscopic access is still feasible, if at times difficult, in obese patients. Specific surgical techniques concerning instrument length and cannula placement that may be useful in obese patients are described     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute inflammation of the gallbladder.

OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with acute inflammation of the gallbladder. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the standard treatment for symptomatic gallbladder disease. Its role in the surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis has not been defined, although a number of recent reports suggest that there should be few contraindications to an initial laparoscopic approach. METHODS. All patients presenting with symptomatic cholelithiasis from October 1990 until June 1992 were evaluated at laparoscopy with intention of proceeding to a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The gross appearance of the gallbladder was categorized as acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, or no inflammation. Ninety-eight (23.4%) of 418 patients had acute inflammation of the gallbladder: 55 were edematous, 10 were gangrenous, 15 had a mucocele, and 18 had an empyema. RESULTS. The authors assessed outcome in these patients. The frequency of conversion to an open operation was 33.7% for acute inflammation, 21.7% for chronic inflammation (p < 0.05), and 4% for no inflammation (p < 0.001). The conversion rate was highest for empyema (83.3%) and gangrenous cholecystitis (50%), while the conversion rate for edematous cholecystitis was 21.8% and for acute inflammation with a mucocele it was 7%. The median operation time for successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute inflammation was 105 minutes, which was longer than that with no inflammation (90 minutes). However, the incidence of complications was not different from that for chronic or no inflammation. The median postoperative stay for patients with acute gallbladder inflammation was 2 days for successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 7 days for patients converted to an open operation. CONCLUSIONS. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute inflammation of the gallbladder is safe and is associated with a significantly shorter postoperative stay compared to open surgery. A greater number of patients required conversion to open operation compared to those with no obvious inflammation. Conversion to open operation was most frequent for empyema and gangrenous cholecystitis, suggesting that once this diagnosis is made, excessive time should not be spent in laparoscopic trial dissection before converting to an open operation.