准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术后干眼和屈光回退的相关性

目的:探讨准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术后干眼和屈光回退的相关性。方法:近视患者225例分别在LASIK术前及术后6mo进行Schirmer试验、泪膜破裂时间、角膜知觉和角、结膜荧光素染色检查,并接受McMonnies问卷调查。综合病史及治疗效果对结果作比较分析。结果:LASIK术后干眼和屈光回退显著相关。术后发生干眼症的32例患者中8例(25.0%)同时伴有屈光回退,而未发生干眼症的193例患者中仅18例(9.3%)伴有屈光回退,差异有极显著意义(P<0.01)。结论:LASIK术后干眼患者屈光回退的危险性增加。     

高度近视眼LASIK术后远期屈光回退的相关因素分析

目的探讨高度近视[准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(laserinsitukeratomileusis,LASIK)后远期的屈光回退的相关因素,并对其进行角膜共聚焦显微镜(confocalmicroscopethroughfocusing,CMTF)的观察和分析。方法对发生屈光回退的35名高度近视患者的66[,进行了随访观察及回顾分析。结果屈光回退的度数与角膜曲率的变化值呈负相关(P<0.05);屈光回退的度数与角膜中央厚度变化值呈负相关(P<0.05);角膜共聚焦显微镜观察发现,回退患者的基质层厚度为(403.14±22.30)μm,与对照组(347.58±42.64)μm相比,统计学差异有显著性。回退患者的最前层基质细胞的数目为(704.50±35.9)个/mm2与对照组(1087.0±67.0)个/mm2相比,统计学差异具有显著性。结论LASIK术后远期的屈光回退与手术前后角膜曲率的变化有关,回退患者基质层的增厚可能引起角膜曲率的变化,从而产生屈光回退。前基质细胞的减少或许参与了此过程。     

Effects of antiglaucoma drugs on refractive outcomes in eyes with myopic regression after laser in situ keratomileusis

PURPOSE: To assess effects of antiglaucoma drugs on refractive outcomes in eyes with myopic regression after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial. METHODS: We examined 27 eyes with mean myopic regression +/- standard deviation of -1.26 +/- 0.48 diopters (D; range, -0.50 to -2.25 D) after LASIK. Nipradilol 2.5% was administered topically twice daily to these regressive eyes. We obtained the refraction (spherical equivalent, astigmatism), intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements, pachymetry, geometry, and refractive power of the cornea before and three months after treatment. RESULTS: Mean manifest refraction was improved significantly from -1.02 +/- 0.52 D to -0.44 +/- 0.39 D (P < .001). However, mean manifest astigmatism was changed from -0.55 +/- 0.30 D to -0.49 +/- 0.22 D, but the difference was not significant (P = .23). The IOP was decreased significantly from 11.4 +/- 2.4 mm Hg to 9.4 +/- 1.3 mm Hg (P < .001). Central corneal thickness was not changed significantly from 505.2 +/- 39.3 microm to 503.6 +/- 38.7 microm (P = .61). The posterior corneal surface was shifted posteriorly by 9.1 +/- 8.2 microm, and the total refractive power of the cornea was decreased significantly, by 0.63 +/- 0.62 D (P < .001), at three months after application. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary data show that antiglaucoma drugs are effective for the reduction of the refractive regression, especially of the spherical errors, after LASIK. It is suggested that backward movement of the cornea may occur, possibly flattening the corneal curvature by lowering the IOP. Reduction of the IOP may contribute to improving regression after keratorefractive surgery.     

Correlation of aberrations with visual symptoms using wavefront analysis in eyes after laser in situ keratomileusis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the information assessed with the Alcon LADARWave wavefront measurement device and correlate it with visual symptoms in eyes previously treated with laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), and to analyze the influence of scotopic pupil size on visual symptoms. METHODS: One hundred and five eyes of 58 patients who underwent LASIK were evaluated. Wavefront measurements were assessed using the Alcon LADARWave device. Visual symptoms were correlated to higher order aberrations in three different pupil sizes (5 mm, 7 mm, and scotopic pupil size). Generalized estimating equations were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In eyes after LASIK, visual symptoms analysis showed positive correlation of double vision with total coma and with horizontal coma for the 5-mm and 7-mm pupil sizes, negative correlation between starburst and total coma for the 7-mm pupil size, positive correlation of double vision with horizontal coma, and glare and starburst with spherical aberration and with total aberrations. Scotopic pupil size had a positive association with starburst and negative association with double vision. CONCLUSION: The LADARWave wavefront measurement device is a valuable diagnostic tool in measuring ocular aberrations in eyes after LASIK. A strong correlation between visual symptoms and ocular aberrations, such as monocular diplopia with coma, and starburst and glare with spherical aberration, suggest this device is valuable in diagnosing symptomatic LASIK-induced aberrations. Horizontal coma was correlated with double vision, while vertical coma was not, demonstrating a greater sensitivity with horizontally oriented multifocality.     

Unusual cause of visual symptoms after bilateral laser in situ keratomileusis

We present a case involving a serious systemic cause of visual symptoms after successful bilateral laser in situ keratomileusis. There were no signs in the anterior segment to explain the visual symptoms. Ancillary tests and investigations confirmed a pituitary tumor, which was removed. We recommend comprehensive ophthalmological examination and full investigation of symptoms in all patients before and after laser treatment.     

Effect of preoperative keratometry on refractive outcomes after laser in situ keratomileusis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of preoperative keratometry on the refractive outcome after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia. SETTING: University Eye Clinic, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China. METHODS: In this retrospective study, the records of patients who had LASIK for myopia greater than -6.0 diopters (D) using the Chiron Automated Corneal Shaper and the Schwind Keratome-F excimer laser were reviewed. RESULTS: Laser in situ keratomileusis was performed in 167 eyes of 103 patients (mean age 34.7 years +/- 7.5 [SD]). Preoperative myopic spherical equivalent (SE) refraction was -9.0 +/- 2.0 D (range -6.0 to -13.9 D). Three months after surgery, SE refraction was -0.04 +/- 1.1 D (range +2.3 to -3.3 D); uncorrected visual acuity > or = 20/40 was present in 91.8% of 110 eyes in which emmetropia was the postoperative goal. Mean preoperative keratometry was 43.9 +/- 1.5 D (range 40.3 to 48.1 D). When eyes were stratified by the degree of preoperative myopia in 1.0 D steps, a trend toward greater undercorrection was noted in eyes with preoperative keratometry < 43.5 D than in those with steeper keratometry (> 44.5 D) in all myopia groups except the -7.0 to -7.9 D group. This difference was statistically significant in eyes with a preoperative SE of -10.0 to -10.9 D and -11.0 to -11.9 D. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative keratometry appeared to influence the refractive outcome after myopic LASIK. Eyes with flatter corneas tended to have greater undercorrection than eyes with similar myopia and steeper corneas. Validation of these findings in larger data sets using the methodology described may improve the predictability of current LASIK nomograms, particularly in eyes with high myopia.     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗多种角膜屈光性手术后屈光回退

目的　探讨准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术 (laser in situ keratomileusis,L asik)对临床常见角膜屈光性手术 L asik、准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术 (photorefractive keratectomy,PRK)、放射性角膜切开术 (radial kerato-tomy,RK)后屈光回退的矫治效果。方法　自 1998年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 10月 ,对 34例 (6 4只眼 )角膜屈光矫治术后屈光回退 >- 1.5 D患者进行 L asik手术再矫治 ,其中 RK术后 9例 (18只眼 ) ,PRK术后 9例 (17只眼 ) ,L asik术后16例 (2 9只眼 )。术前检查、手术步骤及术后用药同临床 L asik手术 ,术后随访 6个月～ 30个月 ,观察视力及屈光变化等。结果　 2 1只曾行 L asik术眼掀开原角膜瓣 ,其他 4 3只眼制作角膜瓣 ,过程顺利 ,全部术眼术后 3～ 6个月裸眼视力由术前 0 .0 2～ 0 .2提高至 0 .5～ 1.2。 5 7只眼 (89.1% )达到或超过术前最佳矫正视力。其平均屈光度由术前(- 5 .11± 1.97) D降至术后 (- 0 .16± 0 .5 6 ) D。无严重并发症发生。结论　 L asik手术矫治 RK、PRK、L asik术后屈光回退安全有效 ,但需深入研究和严格掌握适应证。     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术术后早期应用卡替洛尔滴眼液对屈光状态的影响

目的 评估准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（LASIK）术后早期应用盐酸卡替洛尔滴眼液对屈光状态及眼压的影响。 设计 前瞻性比较性病例系列。研究对象 2009年11月-2011年9月北京同仁医院行LASIK手术的近视患者32例（32眼）。 方法 试验组15眼LASIK术后第1周开始使用2%盐酸卡替洛尔滴眼液每日2次,低中度近视患者持续1个月,高度近视患者持续1.5个月。对照组17眼术后不使用2%盐酸卡替洛尔滴眼液。术前、术后1、3、6个月进行显然验光、Oculyzer眼前节测量系统、眼压等检查。主要指标 等效球镜度、角膜后表面高度、眼压。结果 试验组术后1、3、6个月时等效球镜度分别为（-0.150±0.742）、（-0.170±0.595）和（-0.525±0.618）D;对照组分别为（-0.258±0.581）、（-0.290±0.657）和（-0.459±0.591）D（P均＞0.05）。试验组术后1、3、6个月时角膜后表面高度分别为（7.47±2.326）、（6.60±3.158）和（5.86±2.610）μm;对照组分别为（6.59±3.355）、（7.35±3.622）和（7.33±2.992）μm（P均＞0.05）。试验组术后1、3、6个月眼压分别为（7.80±0.941）、（8.07±1.534）、（8.70±1.337） mm Hg;对照组分别为（9.35±2.827）、（9.59±2.717）、（8.73±1.580）mm Hg。术后1个月时试验组和对照组眼压有统计学差异（P=0.045）,余时间点均无统计学差异。结论 LASIK术后早期应用盐酸卡替洛尔滴眼液通过降低眼压可能对屈光状态具有稳定作用。（眼科,2013,22：49-52）     

Persisting diplopia after bilateral laser in situ keratomileusis

We present a case of persisting diplopia after bilateral laser in situ keratomileusis in a patient with high anisometropia and amblyopia. Treatment of this complication by ocular-muscle surgery was not possible because of missing fusion. We suggest that, especially in cases with anisometropia, a complete examination of binocularity be performed before refractive surgery.     

0.5%马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液对LASIK术后屈光回退的疗效分析

目的 评估降眼压药物0.5%马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液对近视准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（LASIK）后屈光回退的疗效.方法 回顾性病例系列研究.2001年7月至2009年11月期间,近视LASIK术后不同时期出现屈光回退、局部应用0.5%马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液治疗、随访资料完整的患者16例（30眼）.收集用药前、用药后及停药后的裸眼视力（UCVA）、最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、显然验光屈光度数、Pentacam眼前节分析参数、Goldmann压平眼压值.将用药前后测量数据以及停药前后测量数据分别进行自身对照研究,采用Wilcoxon配对秩和检验进行分析.结果 用药后与用药前相比,眼压明显下降,前后差异具有统计学意义（Z=-3.17,P=0.002） 显然验光屈光度数、角膜屈光力及UCVA明显下降,前后差异具有统计学意义（Z=-4.70、-3.36、-4.57 P=0.000、0.001、0.000） 中央角膜厚度在用药前后差异无统计学意义（Z=-0.16,P=0.876）.所有眼在用药前后的BCVA均达到1.0及以上.停药后与用药后相比,眼压明显上升,差异具有统计学意义（Z=-3.06,P=0.002） 角膜屈光力、显然验光度数及UCVA明显升高,差异具有统计学意义（Z=-2.12、-2.52、-1.98 P=0.034、0.012、0.047） 停药后中央角膜厚度无显著改变（Z=0.59,P=0.556）.结论 0.5%马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液通过降眼压作用,对近视LASIK术后出现的屈光回退有显著的疗效,但停药后屈光回退仍可再次发生,故需长期维持用药.     

Thin flap laser in situ keratomileusis: analysis of contrast sensitivity, visual, and refractive outcomes

PURPOSE: To analyze refractive, visual, and contrast sensitivity outcomes of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) performed under thin flaps (less than 100 microm), and compare them with those of conventional thicker flaps. SETTING: Clínica Baviera, Instituto Oftalmológico Europeo, Madrid, Spain. METHODS: This retrospective study comprised 280 consecutive eyes that had LASIK for myopia using the Moria LSK-One microkeratome and the Technolas 217C excimer laser. Efficacy, predictability, and contrast sensitivity indicators were compared between 3 groups of flap thickness: thin (<100 microm, n = 105), medium (100 to 129 microm, n = 122), and thick (>130 microm, n = 53). RESULTS: Refractive results were excellent and comparable between the 3 groups; however, visual outcomes-measured as efficacy, postoperative evolution of uncorrected visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity-test were significantly better in the thin flap group. Efficacy results were 92.9%, 91.0%, and 81.0% in the thin, medium, and thick flap groups, respectively (P < .05), and the rate of enhancements was 0%, 2.3%, and 5.6%, respectively. With regard to contrast sensitivity, changes between preoperative and postoperative values at month 3 of follow-up, the thin flap group achieved the preoperative levels at 3 spatial frequencies (3, 6, and 18 cycles per degree), while the thicker flap groups maintained lower than preoperative levels at more than 2 spatial frequencies. When comparing contrast sensitivity values between the 3 groups, the thin flap group also obtained the best results at lower spatial frequencies. CONCLUSIONS: Thin flap LASIK is a safe technique to correct myopic defects since it blends the advantages of surface and lamellar procedures (minimal debilitation of corneal biomechanical architecture with the rapid and comfortable visual recovery of lamellar approaches). Moreover, it achieves excellent refractive outcomes, a lower rate of enhancements, and a good visual performance with better contrast sensitivity test results.     

Improvement in best corrected visual acuity in amblyopic adult eyes after laser in situ keratomileusis

PURPOSE: To evaluate improvement in best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in adult patients with amblyopia. SETTING: Refractive Eye Surgery Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. METHODS: The charts of consecutive patients with a diagnosis of amblyopia at the time of refractive evaluation who had LASIK were reviewed retrospectively. The preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and BSCVA were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-one eyes of 19 patients were identified as having amblyopia and LASIK surgery. Eight patients (42.1%) were diagnosed with amblyopia only, 6 patients (31.6%) had anisometropic amblyopia, 4 patients (21.1%) had strabismic amblyopia, and 1 patient (5.2%) had anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia. Eleven eyes (52.4%) had myopic astigmatism, 7 eyes (33.3%) were hyperopic, and 3 eyes (14.3%) had mixed astigmatism. Seven eyes (33.3 %) experienced more than a 1-line improvement in postoperative UCVA compared with the preoperative BSCVA. Nine eyes (42.8%) experienced more than a 1-line improvement in postoperative BSCVA compared with the preoperative BSCVA. The BSCVA was unchanged in 11 eyes (52.4%) and was worse by 2 lines in 1 eye (4.8%). CONCLUSION: After LASIK, the postoperative BSCVA was better than preoperatively in 42.8% of eyes with a history of amblyopia and the postoperative UCVA was better than the preoperative BSCVA in 33.3%.     

Retinal detachment after laser in situ keratomileusis in myopic eyes

PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence, characteristics, and surgical management of retinal detachment (RD) after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery in myopia. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational case series. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the RDs observed in 18,342 eyes (9,598 patients) that underwent LASIK for the correction of myopia. All patients had no history of corneal diseases, and preoperative examinations, including a thorough fundus examination, were performed. Patients were followed up for a mean of 20 months (range, four to 27 months), and the clinical features of the RD eyes after LASIK were investigated. RESULTS: RD developed in six patients, including two males and four females. The incidence of a RD after LASIK in this study was 0.033%. Mean degree of pre-LASIK myopia in these eyes was -9.33 diopters (D; range, -6.25 to 14.00 D). The mean interval between LASIK and RD development was 9.25 months (range, two to 18 months). All RDs occurred spontaneously and were managed with vitreoretinal surgeries. Retinal reattachment was achieved at the first RD surgery in all six eyes (100%) at a mean follow-up of 9.3 months (range, three to 18 months). CONCLUSIONS: RD after LASIK for correction of myopia is uncommon. This study suggested no cause-and-effect relationship could be proven between RD development and LASIK procedure in myopia. Clinicians should still be aware of retinal pathologic features in patients undergoing LASIK.     

Retinal detachment in myopic eyes after laser in situ keratomileusis

PURPOSE: To analyze the incidence and characteristics of retinal detachment in myopic patients treated by laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis. METHODS: We retrospectively studied the retinal detachments observed in 1,554 consecutive eyes (878 patients) undergoing laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis for the correction of myopia (follow-up, 30.34+/-10.27 months; range, 16 to 54). Mean patient age was 33.09+/-8.6 years (range, 20 to 60). Before treatment with laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis, all patients had a comprehensive examination, and detected lesions predisposing to retinal detachment were treated before performing the laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis procedure. RESULTS: Retinal detachment occurred in four (0.25%) of 1,554 eyes of four (0.45%) of 878 patients. All four patients who developed retinal detachment in one eye were women. Degree of preoperative myopia was -13.52+/-3.38 diopters (range, -8.00 to -27.50). The time interval between refractive surgery and retinal detachment was 11.25+/-8.53 months (range, 2 to 19 months). In all cases retinal detachment was spontaneous. In all eyes the retina was reattached successfully at the first retinal detachment surgery. Mean best-corrected visual acuity after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis and before retinal detachment development was 20/43 (range, 20/50 to 20/30). After retinal detachment repair, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/45 (range, 20/50 to 20/32). Differences between best-corrected visual acuity before and after reattachment were not statistically significant (P = .21, paired Student t test). A myopic shift was induced in three eyes that had retinal detachment repaired by scleral buckling, from -0.58+/-0.72 diopter (range, +0.25 to -1.00) before retinal detachment and -2.25+/-1.14 diopters (range, -1.00 to -3.25) after retinal detachment surgery (P = .03, paired Student t test). CONCLUSIONS: Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis for correction of myopia is followed by a low incidence of retinal detachment. Conventional scleral buckling surgery was successful in most cases and did not cause significant changes in the final best-corrected visual acuity. A significant increase in the myopic spherical equivalent was observed after scleral buckling in these patients.