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1.
Sidney Glina MD 《The Journal of Men's Health & Gender》2004,1(4):407-412
The role of testosterone on sexual desire, interest and motivation is well established, but its effects on erectile function remain controversial. Animal data show that experimental or medical castration results in loss of the intracavernosal pressure, smooth muscle/connective tissue balance, and penile tissue concentration of nitric oxide synthase-containing nerves, which alter the fibroelastic properties of penile tissue compliance, leading to veno-occlusive dysfunction and therefore erectile dysfunction. Castration also induces apoptosis of penile erectile tissue, and new DNA synthesis is induced by treatment with testosterone. In an animal model of venogenic erectile dysfunction, intracavernous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in addition to testosterone, restores the smooth muscle/connective tissue balance, endothelial cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia and normalizes the diameter of the dorsal nerve fibres, thereby preventing veno-occlusive dysfunction. There is some evidence that treatment with testosterone may be beneficial to men with erectile dysfunction who have low baseline testosterone levels. Androgens may also control the expression and activity of phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE-5) in the penile corpus cavernosum. Oral drug therapy with PDE-5 inhibitors fails in some patients with erectile dysfunction. However, when testosterone is used together with a PDE-5 inhibitor, sexual function is restored in these patients, creating the potential for pharmacological combination therapy with testosterone for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. 相似文献
2.
The introduction of penile prosthesis in the early 1970s has been the first breakthrough in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Since then a variety of treatment options for erectile dysfunction have been developed, including penile vascular surgery, injection therapy, vacuum erection device therapy, intraurethral and oral pharmacotherapy. Although the percentage of men newly diagnosed with erectile dysfunction who undergo surgical treatment has declined, the number of men presenting with erectile dysfunction continues to increase out of proportion to this decline. Moreover, many men that are now effectively managed with medical treatment are likely to require penile prosthesis implantation as their erectile dysfunction progresses. This chapter will focus on the surgical management of erectile dysfunction and in particular on penile prosthesis implantation. 相似文献
3.
4.
Vacuum erection devices (VED) are becoming first-line therapies for erectile dysfunction and preservation (rehabilitation)
of erectile function following treatment for prostate cancer. Currently, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors have limited efficacy
in elderly patients or patients with moderate to severe diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. Alternative therapies,
such as VED, have emerged as a primary option for patients refractory to oral therapy. VED has also been successfully used
in combination treatment with oral therapy and penile injections. More recently, there has been interest in the use of VED
in early intervention protocols to encourage corporeal rehabilitation and prevention of post-radical prostatectomy venoocclusive
dysfunction. This is evident by the preservation of penile length and girth seen with the early use of the VED following radical
prostatectomy. There are ongoing studies to help preserve penile length and girth with early use of VED following prostate
brachytherapy and external beam radiation for prostate cancer. Recently, there has also been interest in VED to help maintain
penile length following surgical correction of Peyronie’s disease and to increase penile size before implantation of the penile
prosthesis. 相似文献
5.
《Actas urologicas espa?olas》2020,44(5):289-293
IntroductionThe implantation of a penile prosthesis is considered a third-line treatment and is indicated in patients who do not respond adequately to pharmacotherapy or require definitive treatment. Currently, the most used devices are 3-component penile prostheses, which presently account for more than 90% of the implants used.Material and methodsWe reviewed the evidence and the recommendations of the clinical practice guidelines regarding surgery in patients with erectile dysfunction.ResultsThe recommendations of the clinical practice guidelines on surgery in patients with erectile dysfunction are summarized as follows: men with erectile dysfunction should be informed about the option of penile prosthesis implant treatment, commenting on the benefits, risks and consequences; men with erectile dysfunction who have agreed to receive penile prosthesis should be advised on post-surgical expectations; penile prosthesis implants should not be performed in patients with systemic, cutaneous or urinary tract infection; in young men with erectile dysfunction and focal penile or pelvic arterial obstruction who do not have generalized vascular disease or veno-occlusive dysfunction, penile arterial reconstruction can be considered; in men with erectile dysfunction, penile venous surgery is not recommended.ConclusionsThe use of penile prostheses offers high satisfaction rates to both the patient and his partner. However, it is crucial to adequately inform and warn patients about possible complications and consequences. 相似文献
6.
Burnett AL 《World journal of urology》2001,19(1):57-66
The pharmacological treatment of erectile dysfunction has taken central importance among therapeutic approaches for this
increasingly recognized, widespread disorder. In the past decade and a half, the specialty of erectile dysfunction management
has witnessed an enormous growth in basic scientific interest which has been translated impressively to the clinical arena.
Discoveries of regulatory mechanisms involved in penile erection have been garnered both at peripheral neurologic and end
organ levels and at central brain and spinal cord levels. These discoveries along with ongoing investigations in the field
provide a firm foundation for implementing exciting and effective erectile dysfunction pharmacotherapies both now and in the
future. The purpose of this report is to review the current trends and new directions in the pharmacotherapy of erectile dysfunction. 相似文献
7.
Significant clinical and basic science advances in the field of sexual medicine have facilitated investigation of the link
between endothelial dysfunction and erectile dysfunction. Most sexual medicine practitioners accept the premise that in aging
men with risk factors such as increased waist circumference, diabetes, hypertension, hypogonadism, hypercholesterolemia, and
insulin insensitivity, a higher prevalence of erectile dysfunction reflects systemic vasculopathy that often first presents
as abnormal erectile function. Endothelial dysfunction in the pudendal, common penile, and cavernosal arterial bed can occur
secondary to pelvic, perineal, or penile trauma in young men without traditional systemic vascular risk factors. Because some
younger men with erectile dysfunction may have underlying vasculogenic erectile dysfunction, sexual medicine practitioners
should perform sophisticated testing procedures to evaluate erectile function that can be reestablished with penile revascularization
surgery. 相似文献
8.
Effect of incision and saphenous vein grafting for Peyronie's disease on penile length and sexual satisfaction 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
PURPOSE: We determined the effect of incision and saphenous vein grafting on penile length, erectile function and overall sexual satisfaction in men with Peyronie's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 24 consecutive men underwent plaque incision and saphenous vein grafting with postoperative daily use of a vacuum erection device. Erect penile length, pain, curvature and erectile function were assessed before and after surgery, and overall sexual satisfaction was scored from 1 to 5 by a validated instrument. RESULTS: Of the 22 patients in whom adequate followup data were available mean penile length was increased 2.1 cm. as a result of surgery (p <0.001). Median score of overall satisfaction with sex life was 4 or moderately satisfied. Of the 86% of men who achieved sexual intercourse after surgery 54% used no erectile aids and 32% required sildenafil or intracavernous injection. Complete erectile dysfunction was present in 14% of cases. Patients who reported erectile difficulty preoperatively were significantly more likely to have erectile dysfunction postoperatively that required erectile aids. Arterial insufficiency on duplex Doppler ultrasound was associated with a higher likelihood of complete erectile dysfunction. Complications in 33% of patients included complete erectile dysfunction in 3 and significant persistent penile curvature in 1. CONCLUSIONS: Incision and venous grafting of plaque leads to statistically and clinically significant increases in penile length in men with Peyronie's disease. Preoperative erectile dysfunction and cavernous arterial insufficiency were associated with a higher risk of postoperative erectile dysfunction. Nevertheless, patients reported a high degree of satisfaction with their overall sex life. 相似文献
9.
S Kaneko M Mizunaga M Miyata S Yachiku H Matsuda T Sugiyama Y C Park T Kurita 《Hinyokika kiyo. Acta urologica Japonica》1991,37(11):1361-1366
This paper briefly reviews diagnostic examinations for penile erectile dysfunction and mainly refers to a newly developed ambulatory system of RigiScan which enables simultaneous recording of penile circumferential expansion and rigidity, introducing the latest values of variables of penile tumescence and rigidity in the Japanese without erectile dysfunction. 相似文献
10.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to investigate the value of new nocturnal penile tumescence recording parameters, such as tumescence activity unit and rigidity activity unit values, total erection number and erection times, in differentiating between psychogenic erectile dysfunction and organic erectile dysfunction. We also aimed to determine the role of these parameters in differentiating arterial erectile dysfunction from veno-occlusive dysfunction. METHODS: Eighty-seven consecutive patients were allocated into three groups as psychogenic, arterial and venous erectile dysfunction after investigations. Nocturnal penile tumescence recording parameters between psychogenic and vascular erectile dysfunction and arterial and veno-occlusive dysfunction were compared. Mann-Whitney U-test, Pearson's chi2 test and correlation coefficient tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Depending on intracavernous injection, penile Doppler ultrasonography and cavernosometry tests, 37 patients (43%) had psychogenic impotence while 50 (57%) had organic pathologies. Of the 50 patients diagnosed with vascular impotence, 29 (48%) had arterial failure and 21 (42%) had veno-occlusive dysfunction. Nocturnal penile tumescence recording revealed psychogenic erectile dysfunction in 34 patients (39%) and vascular erectile dysfunction in 53 patients (61%). Nocturnal penile tumescence recording has been regarded as the gold standard and, in our series, it showed 90.6% sensitivity and 88.2% specificity in differentiating the cause of erectile dysfunction. Values of rigidity activity unit and tumescence activity unit were significantly higher in patients with psychogenic impotence (P < 0.001), when compared with vascular impotence. In patients with a vascular cause, no difference was found between arterial failure and veno-occlusive dysfunction with regard to tip tumescence activity unit, base tumescence activity unit, tip rigidity activity unit, base rigidity activity unit and erection time (P > 0.001). However, patients with arterial failure had less erection than patients with veno-occlusive dysfunction (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: New recording parameters of nocturnal penile tumescence can differentiate organic and psychogenic erectile dysfunction more precisely. However, these recording parameters cannot distinguish subgroups with a vascular cause of erectile dysfunction. 相似文献
11.
Contemporary therapies for erectile dysfunction are generally targeted towards older men and universally engage pharmacological and/or device related treatment options. Penile revascularization, using microvascular arterial bypass surgical techniques, is a non-pharmacological, non-device-related, and reconstructive surgical strategy for men with erectile dysfunction that was first described by Dr Vaclav Michal in 1973. Contemporary penile revascularization attempts to ‘cure'' pure arteriogenic erectile dysfunction in young men with arterial occlusive pathology in the distal internal pudendal, common penile or proximal cavernosal artery secondary to focal endothelial injury from blunt pelvic, perineal or penile trauma. A microvascular anastomosis is fashioned between the donor inferior epigastric and recipient dorsal penile artery. Increased perfusion pressure is theoretically communicated to the cavernosal artery via perforating branches from the dorsal artery. This article will review the history, indications and pathophysiology of blunt trauma-induced focal arterial occlusive disease in young men with erectile dysfunction, current surgical techniques utilized and results of surgery. Contemporary use of penile revascularization is a logical and wanted therapeutic option to attempt to reverse erectile dysfunction in young men who have sustained blunt pelvic, perineal or penile trauma. 相似文献
12.
Penile prosthesis implantation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The development of effective systemic therapy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction has resulted in a significant increase in the number of men presenting for treatment. Not all men with erectile dysfunction will respond to systemic therapy; those who fail may be candidates for penile prosthesis implantation if second and third lines of treatment also fail or are rejected by the patient and his partner. Penile prosthesis implantation continues to play a role in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. There is a potential for the number of penile prosthesis implantation procedures to actually increase. The ideal penile prosthesis is a three-piece inflatable device that permits good penile flaccidity and increases in size and becomes rigid with inflation. 相似文献
13.
目的探讨双功能超声(DU)、阴部内动脉造影(IPA)在外伤动脉性勃起功能障碍诊断中的应用。方法7例骨盆骨折外伤引起阴茎动脉供血受损致勃起功能障碍患者进行DU和IPA检查。结果DU检查提示7例患者阴茎勃起动脉血液灌注血流动力学受到损害。IPA检查显示7例患者有阴茎动脉血供受损解剖形态学上的变化,包括阴部内动脉断裂、阴茎动脉主干断裂、阴茎动脉主干狭窄和髂总动脉假性动脉瘤病变。结论DU和IPA为阴茎动脉功能和解剖形态学“金标准”试验,DU提供了阴茎勃起动脉血供受损血流动力学改变的客观数据,而IPA显示了阴茎动脉受损解剖形态学上的变化,对损伤病变部位进行定位。对于外伤所致动脉性勃起功能障碍的患者首选DU检查。 相似文献
14.
Munarriz R Kulaksizoglu H Hakim L Gholami S Nehra A Goldstein I 《International journal of impotence research》2003,15(4):290-292
Blunt pelvic and perineal trauma has been previously reported to result in site-specific veno-occlusive dysfunction and/or site-specific cavernosal artery insufficiency. We herein describe a case of erectile dysfunction in a young previously potent amputee. We postulate that the erectile dysfunction is associated with a newly described form of blunt trauma, that is, site-specific compression from a perineal weight-bearing lower extremity above-knee prosthetic device. It is hypothesized that when the force exerted by the above-knee prosthesis is directed medially towards the ischiopubic ramus, the penile crura and common penile arterial blood supply become susceptible to crush-like injury, since they are in fixed anatomic locations in the perineum sandwiched between the compressive force and the bone. Clinical evaluation of the erectile dysfunction in this patient revealed site-specific corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction and site-specific common penile arterial occlusive pathology in the precise region of the contact of the above-knee prosthesis with the perineum. Further research is needed in above-knee prosthesis design to prevent erectile dysfunction. 相似文献
15.
I Karacan P J Salis M Hirshkowitz R E Borreson E Narter R L Williams 《The Journal of urology》1989,142(1):56-61
To explore how hypertension affects penile erection, we studied erectile hemodynamics during nocturnal penile tumescence in 3 groups of middle-aged men: hypertensive patients with and without erectile dysfunction, and normotensive controls without erectile problems. The hypertensive patients were not taking antihypertensive medication. Evaluations included standard monitoring of penile circumference change as well as noninvasive monitoring of penile segmental pulsatile blood flow and activity in the bulbocavernosus-ischiocavernosus muscles. Variables differed in how they discriminated among groups. Median amplitude of penile blood flow during rapid eye movement sleep differed significantly among all 3 study groups: controls had the highest amplitudes, patients without erectile problems had lower values and patients with erectile complaints had the lowest values. By contrast, standard measures of nocturnal penile tumescence (that is based on penile circumference change during sleep) only distinguished the patients with erectile problems from the 2 other groups. Density of musculovascular event clusters during rapid eye movement sleep (nearly simultaneous muscle activity burst, blood flow burst and circumference pulsation) distinguished the 2 groups of hypertensive men from controls. The sensitivity of the blood flow measure to changes in the hypertensive men without erectile complaints may indicate that the measure can reveal subclinical signs of developing vasculogenic erectile dysfunction. 相似文献
16.
Cheng-Hsing Hsieh Geng-Long Hsu Shang-Jen Chang Stephen Shei-Dei Yang Shih-Ping Liu Ju-Ton Hsieh 《International journal of urology》2020,27(2):117-133
Penile erection implicates arterial inflow, sinusoidal relaxation and corporoveno-occlusive function. By far the most widely recognized vascular etiologies responsible for organic erectile dysfunction can be divided into arterial insufficiency, corporoveno-occlusive dysfunction or mixed type, with corporoveno-occlusive dysfunction representing the most common finding. In arteriogenic erectile dysfunction, corpora cavernosa show lower oxygen tension, leading to a diminished volume of cavernosal smooth muscle and consequential corporoveno-occlusive dysfunction. Current studies support the contention that corporoveno-occlusive dysfunction is an effect rather than the cause of erectile dysfunction. Surgical interventions have consisted primarily of penile revascularization surgery for arterial insufficiency and penile venous surgery for corporoveno-occlusive dysfunction, whatever the mechanism. However, the surgical effectiveness remained debatable and unproven, mostly owing to the lack of consistent hemodynamic assessment, standardized select patient and validated outcome measures, as well as various surgical procedures. Penile vascular surgery has been disclaimed to be the treatment of choice based on the currently available guidelines. However, reports on penile revascularization surgery support its utility in treating arterial insufficiency in otherwise healthy patients aged <55 years with erectile dysfunction of late attributable to arterial occlusive disease. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that penile venous surgery might be beneficial for selected patients with corporoveno-occlusive dysfunction, especially with a better understanding of the innovated venous anatomy of the penis. Penile vascular surgery might remain a viable alternative for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, and could have found its niche in the possibility of obtaining spontaneous, unaided and natural erection. 相似文献
17.
S Türk G Karalezli H Z Tonbul M Yildiz L Altintepe A Yildiz M Yeksan 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2001,16(9):1818-1822
BACKGROUND: Sexual dysfunction, including erectile dysfunction, is common in patients with uraemia. Despite successful treatment of male sexual dysfunction with sildenafil in non-uraemic population, its efficacy in dialysis patients is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this study, 35 male HD patients (mean age 48+/-12 years) and 15 male CAPD patients (mean age 44+/-12 years) were included. In the baseline period, haemoglobin, serum urea, and albumin, Kt/V, several hormonal parameters, Beck depression scale, and penile Doppler blood flow, (peak systolic velocity after intracavernous papaverine administration) were measured. The international index of erectile function (IIEF) form was used to evaluate erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil was given to patients with erectile dysfunction at a dose of 50-100 mg/day twice a week. RESULTS: The percentage of erectile dysfunction was similar between patients on HD (71%) and those on CAPD (80%). Patients with erectile dysfunction were significantly older and had lower free-testosterone serum levels and penile blood flow than those without. In linear regression analysis for baseline IIEF score, penile blood flow was the only independent variable associated with erectile dysfunction. IIEF score increased to a similar extent after sildenafil treatment in both HD patients (from 8.10+/-5.54 to 21.70+/-9.61, P<0.001) and CAPD patients (from 9.90+/-3.87 to 21.60+/-10.18, P=0.011). Changes in IIEF scores after sildenafil treatment were associated with baseline penile blood flow as an independent variable by linear regression analysis. Adverse events observed during sildenafil treatment were dyspepsia in two patients and headache in one patient. CONCLUSION: The rate of erectile dysfunction is high in dialysis patients. Penile blood flow is the most important factor for predicting both the development of erectile dysfunction and the response to sildenafil therapy in such patients. Oral sildenafil is an effective, reliable, well-tolerated treatment for uraemic patients with erectile dysfunction. 相似文献
18.
Penile and perianal pudendal nerve somatosensory evoked potentials in the diagnosis of erectile dysfunction. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
T Kaiser W H Jost J Osterhage H Derouet K Schimrigk 《International journal of impotence research》2001,13(2):89-92
Neurophysiologic examinations in differential diagnosis of erectile dysfunction comprise electromyogramme of the pelvic floor, pudendal nerve terminal motor latency (PNTML) and evaluation of pudendal somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP). We focused our interest on comparing diagnostic importance of penile and perianal pudendal nerve SSEP. We examined 20 patients suffering from erectile dysfunction and 20 patients without any manifestation of impotence. The stimulus was administered using penile ring electrodes at the base of the penis (cathode) and distally on the penis shaft (anode), as well as a perianal surface electrode applied at 3 o'clock in lithotomy position and 5 cm laterally on the gluteal skin. The potentials were recorded with intradermal needle electrodes at C(z)-2 cm (different) and F(z) (indifferent). 500 stimuli were averaged for a single tracing. The stimulus strength was set at an average of 3-4 times the stimulus threshold. Cortical latency of P 40 ranged from 39.0 to 45.6 ms (penile) and from 33.6 to 43.2 ms (perianal) in the control group, in the patient group latencies ranged from 38.8 to 51.6 (penile) and 34.0 to 44.8 ms (perianal). In two patients no potential was recordable after perianal stimulation, one patient showed a marked prolongation of the penile response with a normal perianal latency. Penile and perianal latencies of P 40 were significantly prolonged in the patient group compared to the control group (P<0.05). The combination of penile and perianal pudendal SSEP may provide valuable additional information in differential diagnosis of erectile dysfunction, especially allowing to identify different sites of neurogenic lesions. In contrast to perianal pudendal SSEP, penile stimulation may help to discover pathologic changes in the distal course of the pudendal nerve, especially the dorsal nerve of the penis. 相似文献
19.
The incidence and causes of erectile dysfunction after pelvic fractures associated with posterior urethral disruption 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
Shenfeld OZ Kiselgorf D Gofrit ON Verstandig AG Landau EH Pode D Jordan GH McAninch JW 《The Journal of urology》2003,169(6):2173-2176
PURPOSE: Erectile dysfunction is a common sequel of pelvic fractures, particularly those associated with posterior urethral injury when it can be neurogenic or arteriogenic due to damage to the cavernous nerves or branches of the pudendal arteries. We studied erectile function of patients with posterior urethral injuries due to pelvic fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients referred for posterior urethral reconstruction and strictures due to pelvic fractures were evaluated before reconstruction. All patients underwent nocturnal penile tumescence testing, and if those results were abnormal, penile duplex ultrasound with intracavernous injection was performed. Patients with normal vascular function on duplex ultrasound were diagnosed with neurogenic erectile dysfunction. Those patients with abnormal arterial function on duplex ultrasound underwent arteriography to further define the extent and location of arterial damage. RESULTS: The study included 25 consecutive patients with posterior urethral strictures and a mean age of 28.6 years. Of the patients 18 (72%) had erectile dysfunction as demonstrated by nocturnal penile tumescence and all underwent penile duplex ultrasound. Ultrasound confirmed normal vascular response in 13 of the 18 patients and they were diagnosed with probable neurogenic erectile dysfunction. The remaining 5 patients (28%) with erectile dysfunction had an abnormal arterial response, and significant arterial pathology was confirmed by arteriography. CONCLUSIONS: Erectile dysfunction is common in patients with pelvic fractures associated with urethral injury. We believe that erectile function should be assessed and documented in such patients before attempting urethroplasty. In the majority of these patients erectile dysfunction is caused by disruption of the cavernous nerves with sparing of arterial inflow. 相似文献
20.
Penile blunt trauma induced veno-occlusive erectile dysfunction 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tsao CW Lee SS Meng E Wu ST Chuang FP Yu DS Chang SY Sun GH 《Archives of andrology》2004,50(3):151-154
Blunt trauma to the pelvic or perineal region of the corpora cavernosa is a risk factor for the subsequent development of persistent erectile dysfunction. The hemodynamic investigation of the integrity of the veno-occlusive mechanism has been rare in cases of traumatic impotence. We present two young men with erectile dysfunction following blunt penile or perineal trauma. Combined intracavernous injection and stimulation test, color duplex ultrasonography, and pharmacologic cavernosometry and cavernosography revealed normal arterial velocity and pulsation without cavernosal arterial fistula, but severe venous occlusion and site-specific abnormal veins were noted in both patients. They received penile vein ligation procedure and resulted in near-completely normal erectile function after a four-year followup. Penile venous ligation, especially on the site-specific veins, is still the choice of treatment for the trauma-induced penile veno-occlusive erectile dysfunction, and the result is satisfactory. 相似文献