五年制高职护生焦虑抑郁情绪与个性的关系

目的 探讨初中起点五年制高职护理专业学生焦虑、抑郁情绪与个性的关系.方法 采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)对282名五年制高职护生进行问卷调查.结果 五年制高职护生焦虑和抑郁检出率分别为16.67%和36.88%.焦虑、抑郁组在EPQ量表的N、P分上显著高于对照组(t=-4.31～-6.64,P<0.01).SAS、SDS的得分与EPQ量表的N分和P分呈正相关,与E分呈负相关(r=-0.12～0.48,P<0.05).多元逐步回归分析显示N、P和L分是影响焦虑和抑郁情绪的主要因素.结论 五年制高职护生焦虑、抑郁情绪与个性有关.     

焦虑、抑郁情绪对癫患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨焦虑、抑郁情绪对癫患者生活质量的关系。方法应用生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI)、Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)及Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS)对60例癫患者(癫组)及60名健康自愿者(对照组)进行评定,并对生活质量与焦虑、抑郁作相关分析。结果癫患者的生活质量总分及躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、物质生活4个维度分均明显低于对照组(P<0.01),而SAS及SDS评分则均明显高于对照组(P<0.01);生活质量总分及躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、物质生活4个维度分均与SAS及SDS评分呈显著性负相关。结论癫患者的生活质量较差,焦虑、抑郁情绪明显;其生活质量与焦虑、抑郁情绪密切相关。     

绵阳地区领导干部心理健康状况调查

目的了解绵阳地区领导干部心理健康状况。方法采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及自制的绵阳地区领导干部心理需求开放式问卷,对绵阳市2016年参加市委党校培训递进班和主体班的360名领导干部的焦虑、抑郁情况以及心理需求进行调查。结果根据SAS和SDS总评分评定为轻度焦虑和轻度抑郁的分别为126人(35.00%)和67人(18.61%)。SAS总评分69分有28人(7.78%),SDS总评分72分有46人(12.78%),其中重度抑郁合并重度焦虑26人(7.22%)。40岁以上和40岁以下的中重度抑郁症状者分别为116人(36.71%)和14人(31.82%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 40岁以上领导干部存在中重抑郁症状的比例高于其他年龄组。     

某部队基层战士的心理健康、应对方式及个性特征调查研究

目的调查分析某部队基层战士的心理健康、应对方式及个性特征。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、简易应对方式量表(SCSQ)和艾森克人格测验问卷(EPQ)量表对某部队362名基层战士进行调查。结果 (1)362名基层战士的SCL-90除人际敏感与抑郁因子外,其余各因子评分均显著高于全国常模(P0.05),且人际敏感、抑郁、偏执评分显著低于军队常模(P0.05);(2)战士的SCSQ积极应对评分显著高于全国常模,而消极应对评分显著低于全国常模(P0.05);(3)基层战士的EPQ-E评分显著高于全国常模,EPQ-N与EPQ-P显著低于全国常模(P0.05),EPQ-L无明显差异(P0.05);(4)EPQ-N、EPQ-P与SCL-90各维度评分、消极应对呈显著正相关性,与积极应对呈显著负相关性(P0.05);EPQ-L维度与SCL-90各维度评分、消极应对呈显著负相关性(P0.05),与积极应对无明显相关性(P0.05);EPQ-E与SCL-90人际敏感、抑郁、敌对、恐怖、总评分及消极应对呈显著负相关性,与积极应对呈显著正相关性(P0.05)。结论基层战士的整体心理健康状况良好,个性属于外向稳定,普遍采取积极应对方式,应对方式及个性特征可直接或间接影响心理健康。     

维和士兵出国待命状态中焦虑抑郁情绪相关分析及干预研究

目的探讨出国维和待命对士兵焦虑抑郁情绪的影响,焦虑抑郁情绪与人格的关系,心理干预的效果。方法维和待命集训的216名士兵为研究组,并对其进行心理干预,其他部队士兵146人为对照组,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、艾森克成人个性问卷(EPQ)等工具进行调查。结果研究组焦虑检出率为27.31%,与对照组比较(15.75%)差异显著(P<0.01);抑郁检出率为21.29%,与对照组比较(13.69%)差异显著(P<0.01);研究组显示SAS、SDS与EPQ中与N维度呈正相关,而与E维度呈负相关;对研究组进行心理干预,干预后的焦虑检出率11.57%明显低于干预前的27.31%,差异显著(P<0.01),干预后的抑郁检出率9.72%明显低于干预前的21.29%,差异显著(P<0.01)。结论维和部队待命部分士兵存在较明显的焦虑抑郁情绪,其与人格有关;与心理应激有关;对其进行心理干预效果好。     

焦虑、抑郁情绪对癫患者生活质量的影响

目的 探讨焦虑、抑郁情绪对癫(癎)患者生活质量的关系.方法 应用生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI)、Zung焦虑自评量表 (SAS)及Zung抑郁自评量表 (SDS)对60例癫(癎)患者(癫(癎)组)及60名健康自愿者(对照组)进行评定,并对生活质量与焦虑、抑郁作相关分析.结果 癫(癎)患者的生活质量总分及躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、物质生活4个维度分均明显低于对照组(P＜0.01),而SAS及SDS评分则均明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);生活质量总分及躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、物质生活4个维度分均与SAS及SDS评分呈显著性负相关.结论 癫(癎)患者的生活质量较差,焦虑、抑郁情绪明显;其生活质量与焦虑、抑郁情绪密切相关.     

焦虑、抑郁情绪对癫(癎)患者生活质量的影响

目的 探讨焦虑、抑郁情绪对癫(癎)患者生活质量的关系.方法 应用生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI)、Zung焦虑自评量表 (SAS)及Zung抑郁自评量表 (SDS)对60例癫(癎)患者(癫(癎)组)及60名健康自愿者(对照组)进行评定,并对生活质量与焦虑、抑郁作相关分析.结果 癫(癎)患者的生活质量总分及躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、物质生活4个维度分均明显低于对照组(P＜0.01),而SAS及SDS评分则均明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);生活质量总分及躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、物质生活4个维度分均与SAS及SDS评分呈显著性负相关.结论 癫(癎)患者的生活质量较差,焦虑、抑郁情绪明显;其生活质量与焦虑、抑郁情绪密切相关.     

失眠症相关因素的调查

目的探讨失眠症病人的人格特性、负性情绪等相关因素.方法采用自制失眠一般情况调查(其中包括影响睡眠相关因素调查表)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、EPQ、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对106例门诊失眠症病人进行调查,与90例健康对照组进行比较.结果①失眠组的E分低于正常组,N分、L分高于正常组(P＜0.01);②失眠组SAS、SDS评分高于正常对照组;③E分与N、SAS、SDS评分呈负相关,N分与SAS、SDS评分呈正相关,P分与SAS、SDS评分呈正相关,SAS与SDS评分呈正相关(P＜0.01);④对影响睡眠质量相关因素进行多元逐步回归分析得出焦虑、病程、经济状况、轮班制进入回归方程.结论失眠患者的人格具有内倾性和不稳定性,其负性情绪与人格特征有关,失眠可受病程、经济状况、轮班制、负性情绪的影响.     

脑梗死患者的生活质量与其焦虑、抑郁情绪的相关性研究

目的 探讨脑梗死患者的生活质量与其焦虑、抑郁情绪的关系。方法 采用Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS）、Zung抑郁自评量表（SDS）及生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI）对80例脑梗死患者（脑梗死组）及80名健康人（对照组）进行问卷调查，并对生活质量与其焦虑、抑郁情绪作相关分析。结果 脑梗死患者的生活质量总分及躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能3个维度评分均明显低于对照组（P〈0．01），而SAS及SDS评分均明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。脑梗死患者的生活质量总分及躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能3个维度评分均与SAS及SDS评分呈显著性负相关。结论 脑梗死患者的生活质量较差，焦虑、抑郁情绪明显；其生活质量与焦虑、抑郁情绪密切相关。     

临床医生人格特征、焦虑抑郁情绪及应对方式关系

目的探讨临床医生人格特征、焦虑抑郁情绪及应对方式的关系。方法采用抽签法抽取153名临床医生,其中外科医生65人,内科医生88人。采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及简易应对方式量表(SCSQ)对临床医生进行问卷调查。结果外科医生的精神质、焦虑、抑郁及消极应对方式评分高于内科医生,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.25、4.24、4.54、3.15,P均0.05),而其积极应对方式评分低于内科医生,差异有统计学意义(t=-5.51,P0.05);积极应对方式与内外倾向、神经质呈正相关(r=0.40,0.17,P均0.05),与焦虑、抑郁呈负相关(r=-0.68,-0.61,P均0.01);回归分析显示,科室、神经质及焦虑因素对积极应对方式有着直接影响作用(t=4.18、3.97、-4.16,P均0.01)。结论外科医生较内科医生更易表现出低亲和力、冷漠、焦虑、抑郁情绪等,较多采用消极应对方式处理问题,应该重视人格维度中神经质和精神质维度的干预。     

Mechanisms of the suppression of the nociceptive reflex of the opening of the mouth during stimulation of the structures of the limbic brain

The comparative effectiveness of the inhibitory influence of tetanic stimulation of hypothalamus, amygdala and limbic cortex on EMG-response of m. digastricus evoked by electrical stimulation of tooth pulp nociceptive afferents was studied in cats anesthetized with a mixture of chloralose and nembutal. It was found that inhibition of the EMG-component of the jaw-opening reflex is most pronounced in case of stimulation of medial and lateral region of the hypothalamus, the inhibitory effect of central and medial nuclei of the amygdala is less pronounced and the effect of the limbic cortex is the weakest. It was shown that the mechanism of the antinociceptive effect of tetanic stimulation of the hypothalamus is not related to the concomitant increase of the blood pressure. After stabilization of the blood pressure the suppressive effect of the hypothalamus remains without changes, that points out to a direct, primary, not baro-afferent mechanism of the inhibition of the activity of nociceptive neurons of the trigeminal sensory nuclei. Noradrenaline, injected intravenously, induced a large increase of the blood pressure accompanied by a pronounced inhibition of the pain reflex. Angiotensin causes the same degree of blood pressure elevation without changes in the amplitude of the EMG-response of the pain reflex. Hypothalamic and noradrenergic mechanisms for control of pain sensitivity are discussed.     

药物治疗与合并认知行为治疗对强迫症疗效的比较

目的探讨认知行为心理治疗(CBT)在强迫症(OCD)患者各亚型治疗中的有效性和规律性。方法本研究为临床对照研究。符合入组标准的强迫症患者按患者自愿原则分为两组,治疗观察3、6、12个月。疗效评定分别运用Yale-Brown强迫量表,自拟的自评好转程度量表和临床疗效评定。结果认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗组31例,临床有效率70.9%,其中治愈率1.8%。单纯药物治疗组24例,临床有效率33.3%。Yale-Brown强迫量表和自评量表得分在6个月和12个月两组有显著差异(P<0.05)。其中强迫症亚型(怕脏型、反复检查型和反复担心型)的疗效比较,怕脏型在治疗3个月末两组间自评量表评分有显著性差异(P<0.05);反复担心型在治疗6个月末两组间Yale-Brown强迫量表总分有显著性差异(P<0.05);反复检查型两组间无统计学差异。结论认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗强迫症的疗效明显优于单纯药物治疗。强迫症的亚型在治疗中的有效性次序为:反复担心型>怕脏型>反复检查型。     

Characteristics of the sympathetic innervation of the nictitating membrane and of the vasculature of the nose and tongue of the cat

Summary Vasomotor responses from the nasal mucosa and tongue, and contractions of the nictitating membrane, were recorded on stimulation of the cervical sympathetic or internal carotid nerves.Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres which elicited a membrane response possessed a lower threshold than those which evoked nasal vasoconstriction, while the latter displayed a lower threshold than fibres which evoked tongue vasoconstriction. The sympathetic vasodilator fibres to the tongue, whose activity was revealed after-receptor blockade, had a similar threshold to the vasoconstrictor fibres.Membrane contraction, nasal vasoconstriction and occasionally tongue vasoconstriction could be evoked by stimulating the internal carotid nerve. The postganglionic fibres innervating the nasal mucosa had a similar threshold to those of the nictitating membrane, which may indicate that there are small myelinated fibres innervating the mucosa.The preganglionic compound nerve action potential had four major components, S₁–S₄. S₁, S₂ and usually S₃ fibres were associated with membrane contraction; S₂, S₃ and sometimes S₁ fibres were associated with nasal vasoconstriction; and S₃, usually S₂ and occasionally S₁ fibres were associated with vasoconstriction in the tongue. It is concluded that each of these three groups of nerve fibres, but not S₄ fibres, may include fibres associated functionally with the three effectors.There was a considerable difference between the relative amplitude of the responses of the three effectors elicited by stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve at frequencies between 0.2 and 2 Hz. Vasoconstrictor responses were relatively larger than membrane contractions suggesting differences in the mechanisms of neurotransmission at the neuroeffector junctions.     

Development of the projection from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus to the superior colliculus in the ferret

Neurons in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (SC) have spatially tuned receptive fields that are arranged to form a map of auditory space. The spatial tuning of these neurons emerges gradually in an experience-dependent manner after the onset of hearing, but the relative contributions of peripheral and central factors in this process of maturation are unknown. We have studied the postnatal development of the projection to the ferret SC from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (nBIC), its main source of auditory input, to determine whether the emergence of auditory map topography can be attributed to anatomical rewiring of this projection. The pattern of retrograde labeling produced by injections of fluorescent microspheres in the SC on postnatal day (P) 0 and just after the age of hearing onset (P29), showed that the nBIC-SC projection is topographically organized in the rostrocaudal axis, along which sound azimuth is represented, from birth. Injections of biotinylated dextran amine-fluorescein into the nBIC at different ages (P30, 60, and 90) labeled axons with numerous terminals and en passant boutons throughout the deeper layers of the SC. This labeling covered the entire mediolateral extent of the SC, but, in keeping with the pattern of retrograde labeling following microsphere injections in the SC, was more restricted rostrocaudally. No systematic changes were observed with age. The stability of the nBIC-SC projection over this period suggests that developmental changes in auditory spatial tuning involve other processes, rather than a gross refinement of the projection from the nBIC.     

A contribution to the study of the architecture of the autonomic nervous system of the digestive tract of the rat

Summary The distribution of aminergic and non-aminergic nerve fibres to the different constituents of the wall of the digestive tract in various regions is described. Aminergic fibres synapse with all nervous perikarya. Densely interlacing networks of nerve fibres are found in both layers of the tunica muscularis and in the lamina muscularis mucosae. A finely meshed plexus is observed in relation to the wall of the blood vessels in the wall of the gut. There are many fibres connecting the muscular and the vascular plexus. No nerve fibres have been observed in direct relation to the epithelium.The functional implications of these findings are discussed.