HLA-DRB1*07,13等位基因对乙肝疫苗免疫效果影响的研究

目的:探讨机体HLA-DRB1*07,13等位基因对基因重组乙肝疫苗免疫效果的影响.方法:选取完成基因重组乙肝疫苗全程接种(10 μg/次,0、1、6月)的广西籍汉族健康大学生896名,于末次接种疫苗后的第6个月采血检测血清抗-HBs水平,对无或低应答者再次接种基因重组乙肝疫苗20 μg,4周后筛选出无或低应答者99名及初次检测中或强应答者136名作为研究对象,应用PCR-SSP技术对研究对象外周血HLA-DRB1*07,13等位基因进行检测.结果:HLA-DRB107在无或低应答组中的表达频率为16.16%,显著高于中或强应答组的表达频率(4.41%)(P＜0.05);HLA-DRB1*13在无或低应答组和中或强应答组的表达频率分别为1.01%和3.68%,两组比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:基因重组乙肝疫苗无或低应答与HLA-DRB1*07基因密切相关;而HLA-DRB1*13对乙肝疫苗的免疫应答无明显影响.     

HLA-DRB1等位基因与吉林地区汉族乙肝疫苗免疫应答的关联研究

目的:探讨HLA-DRB1等位基因与吉林地区汉族乙肝疫苗免疫应答的关联性。方法:采用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)分型技术,对84例乙肝疫苗无或低应答者HLA-DRB1等位基因进行检测,与78例乙肝疫苗中或强应答者人群进行对照。结果:①HLA-DRB1*14等位基因频率在无或低应答组为23.8%,中或强应答组为5.13%,两组之间比较有统计学差异(P<0.05);②HLA-DRB1*12、HLA-DRB1*15等位基因频率分别在无或低应答组为4.76%和7.14%,在中或强应答组为23.1%和24.4%,两组之间比较也存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。③等位基因HLA-DRB1*07(2.38%和5.12%),HLA-DRB1*08(9.52%和8.97%),HLA-DRB1*09(7.14%和10.3%),HLA-DRB1*11(7.14%和7.69%),HLA-DRB1*13(4.76%和6.41%)及HLA-DRB1*16(4.76%和5.13%),在无或低应答组和在中或强应答组之间基因频率分布没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:吉林地区汉族乙肝疫苗接种后,①HLA-DRB1*14等位基因可能与无或低应答相关;②HLA-DRB1*12、15等位基因可能与中或强应答相关;③未检测到HLA-DRB1*07、08、09、11、13、16等位基因与免疫应答水平之间有明显的相关性。     

湖北汉族人群对乙肝疫苗免疫应答的水平与HLA-I类分子多态性的相关研究

目的：探讨人群对乙肝疫苗免疫应答与ＨＬＡ遗传多态性的相关性。方法：对５２名湖北汉族健康自愿者进行ＨＢＶ血源疫苗标准全程接种,共３次（第０、１、６月）,末次接种后８ｗ用酶免疫法（ＥＩＡ）检测血清抗ＨＢｓ抗体水平：Ｓ／Ｎ≥２１为应答者;Ｓ／Ｎ＜２１为无应答者。同时对受试者进行ＨＬＡＩ类抗原多态性检测。结果：应答者４２人（８１０％）,无应答者１０人（１９０％）;无应答者与ＨＬＡＢ３９具有显著相关性,ＲＲ＝１７５,χ２＝５２２,Ｐ＜００５,而与ＨＬＡＢ６２呈负相关,χ２＝６４１,Ｐ＜００５。结论：在湖北汉族人群中,ＨＬＡＢ３９表型阳性个体对乙肝疫苗免疫应答水平明显低于其他个体,而ＨＬＡＢ６２表型阳性个体明显高于其他个体。     

HLA-DRB1*12及相应位点下IL-4及IFN-γ对乙型肝炎疫苗免疫效果的影响

目的 探讨人群HLA-DRB1*12基因及相应位点下IL-4及IFN-γ对乙肝疫苗免疫应答的影响.方法 选取74名对乙肝疫苗无、弱应答的广西籍健康大学生及条件相近的64名中、强应答者,采用PCR-SSP技术检测受试者的HLA-DRB1* 12等位基因,采用ELISA法检测血清中IFN-γ水平及IL-4因子水平.结果 (1)无、弱应答组的HLA-DRB1*12等位基因表达频率为10.8％,低于中、强应答组的32.8％ (P=0.002);(2)无、弱应答组的IFN-γ平均表达水平为(7.21±7.92) ng/ml,显著低于中、强应答组(16.36±11.00) ng/ml( P=0.000);(3)无、弱应答组中的IL-4平均表达水平为(3.18±4.45) ng/ml,显著低于中、强应答组(7.76±5.71) ng/ml(P=0.000);(4) HLA-DRB1* 12阳性组IFN-γ平均表达水平为(13.18±11.24) ng/ml,阴性组平均表达水平为(11.00±10.29) ng/ml,两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.349);(5) HLA-DRB1*12阳性组IL-4平均表达水平为(5.947±4.530)ng/ml,阴性组平均表达水平为(5.132±5.800) ng/ml,两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.423).结论 HLA-DRB1*12基因可能是促进广西人群乙肝疫苗免疫应答的相关基因;细胞因子IFN-γ及IL-4的表达水平可能影响机体乙肝疫苗的免疫效果.     

湖北汉族人群对乙肝疫苗免疫应答的水平与HLA—I类分子多态性？…

目的：探讨人群对乙肝疫苗免疫应答与ＨＬＡ遗传多态性的相关性。方法：对５２名湖北汉族健康自愿者进行ＨＢＶ血源疫苗标准全程接种，共３次（第０、１、６月），末次接种后８ｗ用酶免疫法（ＥＩＡ）检测血清抗ＨＢｓ抗体水平：Ｓ／Ｎ≥２．１为应答者；Ｓ／Ｎ〈２．１为无应答者。同时对受试者进行ＨＬＡ－Ｉ类抗原多态性检测。结果：应答者４２人（８１．０％），无应答者１０人（１９．０％）；无应答者与ＨＬＡ－Ｂ３９具有显著     

细胞免疫和遗传因素对乙型肝炎疫苗阻断母婴传播效果的影响

目的比较接种重组乙肝疫苗后不同体液免疫应答高危儿童的细胞免疫反应特点,进一步探讨母婴阻断失败、无应答的机理。方法124名母亲HBsAg和HBeAg双阳性的新生儿按常规乙肝的免疫程序接种重组CHO和酵母乙肝疫苗,于第1针免后3、7、12月检测HBsAg和抗-HBs,判定免疫成功或失败的新生儿,首针后60～120月(平均80月)再次检测HBsAg和抗-HBs指标,选取8名免疫重组乙肝疫苗母婴阻断失败儿童、4名免后无应答抗体反应的儿童和11名母婴阻断成功的儿童采集静脉血样,分离淋巴细胞,应用ELISPOT方法检测产生IL-2斑点形成细胞的数量,并对斑点数和表面抗体滴度的相关性进行比较,同时分析HLA-A、-B、DRB1和DQB1等位基因的多态性。结果(1)124名研究对象中有77．4％的儿童可产生保护性表面抗体,成功阻断母婴传播;13．7％的人免疫失败,感染乙肝;8．9％的儿童则对乙肝疫苗呈无应答状态。(2)免疫成功组产生IL-2细胞数(55．2±42．22)显著高于免疫失败组(3,75±3．24)和抗体无应答组(6．75±3．59),P<0．01。(3)儿童免疫乙肝疫苗后的表面抗体滴度与经乙肝疫苗诱导产生的特异性分泌IL-2的T细胞数量呈显著性正相关(r =0．601,P<0．01)。(4)HLA-B*48在对酵母乙肝疫苗无应答的儿童中占有25％的频率,显著高于免疫成功(2．2％)和失败的儿童(0％),P<0．05。对CHO疫苗无应答儿童的HLA-DRB1*15的频率显著高于免疫成功和失败的儿童(P<0．05)。结论乙肝疫苗母婴阻断失败和免后抗体无应答儿童的细胞免疫应答显著低于阻断成功的儿童,并且可能与遗传因素有关。     

湖北汉族人群对乙肝凤苗免疫应答能力与HLA—DRB1等位基因相？…

目的 分析ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１等位基因型别与个体乙肝疫苗免疫应答水平的相关性。方法 对３７名湖北汉族健康自愿者进行ＨＢＶ血源型疫苗标准全程接种，共３次（０，１，６月 ），末次接种后８周用酶免疫法（ＥＩＡ）检测血清抗－ＨＢｓ抗体水平；同时，对全部受试     

湖北汉族人大肠癌HLA-DRB1等位基因遗传易感性研究

目的探讨湖北汉族人HLA-DRB1等位基因与大肠癌遗传相关性。方法针对HLA-DRB1等位基因第2外显子多态性,设计23对引物的序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应,结合等位基因序列分析,检测了无亲缘关系的湖北籍汉族健康人136名及大肠癌患者72例的HLA-DRB1基因。SAS软件进行数据处理。结果湖北地区汉族人大肠癌患者与正常人比较,HLA-DRB1*0901等位基因分布频率0.2292vs0.1397(P＜0.005,OR＝2.1822),病因分数0.2483;-DRB1*080X等位基因频率0.0139vs0.0809(P＜0.01,OR＝0.1481),预防分数0.1354。提示HLA-DRB1*0901、*080X分别与该地区汉族人大肠癌呈正关联或负关联。两组间HLA-DRB1其余等位基因分布频率,差异均无显著性。结论HLA-DRB1*0901为湖北地区汉族人大肠癌的易感基因,而-DRB1*080X则为其抵抗基因,上述两种等位基因结构得到了等位基因序列分析印证。     

新疆柯尔克孜族HLA-DRB1基因的多态性

目的:旨在研究新疆柯尔克孜族HLA-DRB1位点等位基因的多态性.方法:采用聚合酶链反应-序列特异引物法(PCR-SSP)对新疆地区柯尔克孜族85名健康无关个体进行HLA-DRB1等位基因分型.结果:共检出HLA-DRB1位点等位基因14种,其中高频率的等位基因是HLA-DRB1*03 (0.3769)、 HLA-DRB1*11 (0.1391)、 HLA-DRB1*07 (0.1056),低频率的等位基因是HLA-DRB1*08 (0.0059)、 HLA-DRB1*01 (0.0178)、 HLA-DRB1*1302 (0.0178)、 HLA-DRB1*1401 (0.0118).柯尔克孜族的HLA-DRB1基因频率分布具有中国北方人群的特点,尤其与西北地区汉族和蒙古族人群最为接近(0.156 、 0.237). 结论:提供了新疆地区柯尔克孜族人HLA-DRB1的14种等位基因的基因频率,为该民族的人类学及疾病相关研究提供了参考数据.     

HLA-DRB1基因多态性与新疆汉族人群结核病易感性的研究

目的 探讨HLA-DRB1基因的多态性与新疆汉族人群结核病发生发展的关联.方法 采用PCR-SSP技术对228例新疆塔城地区和石河子地区的汉族肺结核患者及231例汉族健康志愿者的HLA-DRB1的13个等位基因分型,比较各等位基因的频率(GF),统计学分析采用χ2检验,研究不同等位基因与新疆汉族人群结核病易感性的关联.结果 结核病例组HLA-DRB1*12基因频率为9.92%,明显高于对照组的2.85%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.76,Pc＜0.01);而结核病例组中的HLADRB1*11等位基因的基因频率低于健康对照组(χ2=9.513,Pc＜0.05),差异有统计学意义.结论 HLA-DRB1*12基因可能是新疆汉族人群的结核病易感基因,HLA-DRB1*11可能是新疆汉族人群与结核病相关的保护性基因.     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Counterpointing the functional role of the forebrain and of the brainstem in the control of the sleep-waking system

This paper reviews the lifetime contributions of the author to the field of sleep-wakefulness (S-W), reinterprets results of the early studies, and suggests new conclusions and perspectives. Long-term cats with mesencephalic transection show behavioral/polygraphic rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), including the typical oculo-pupillary behavior, even when the section is performed in kittens prior to S-W maturation. REMS can be induced as a reflex. Typical non-rapid eye movement S (NREMS) is absent and full W/arousal is present only after a precollicular section. The isolated forebrain (IF) rostral to the transection exhibits all features of W/arousal and NREMS [with electroencephalographic (EEG) spindles and delta waves], arousal to olfactory stimuli, and including the appropriate oculo-pupillary behaviors. These features also mature normally after neonatal transection. REMS is absent from the IF. After deprivation there is NREMS pressure and rebound in the IF, but the decerebrate cat only shows pressure for REMS. Most IF reactions to pharmacologic agents are within expectations, except for the tolerance/withdrawal effects of long-term morphine use which are absent. In contrast, these effects are supported by the brainstem (i.e. seen in the decerebrate cat). In cats with ablation of the telencephalon, or diencephalic cats, delta waves are absent in the thalamus. EEG thalamic spindle waves are seen triggering S for only 4-5 days after ablation. Therefore, true NREMS is absent in chronic diencephalic cats although pre- and postsomniac behaviors persist. These animals are hyperactive and show a pronounced, permanent insomnia; however, a low dose of barbiturate triggers a dramatic REMS/atypical NREMS rebound. Cats without the thalamus (athalamic cats), initially show a dissociation between behavioral hyperactivity/insomnia and the neocortical EEG, which for 15-20 days exhibits only delta and slower oscillations. Fast, low-voltage W rhythms appear later on, first during REMS, but spindle waves and S postures are absent from the start, such that these cats also display only atypical NREMS. Athalamic cats also show barbiturate-sensitive insomnia. Cats with ablation of the frontal cortices or the caudate nuclei remain permanently hyperactive. They also show a mild, but significant hyposomnia, which is permanent in afrontal cats, but lasts for about a month in acaudates. The polygraphic/behavioral features of their S-W states remain normal. We conclude and propose that: (a) the control of the S-W system is highly complex and distributed, but is organized hierarchically in a well-defined rostro-caudal manner; the rostral-most or highest level (telencephalon), is the most functionally complex/adaptative and regulates the lower levels; the diencephalic/basal forebrain, or middle level, has a pivotal role in inducing switching between S and W and in coordinating the lowest (brainstem) and highest levels; (b) W can occur independently in both the forebrain and brainstem, but true NREMS- and REMS-generating mechanisms exist exclusively in the forebrain and brainstem, respectively; (c) forebrain and brainstem S-W processes can operate independently from each other and are preprogrammed at birth; this helps understanding normal and abnormal polygraphic/behavioral dissociations in humans and normal dissociations/splitting in aquatic mammals; (d) NREMS homeostasis is present in the IF, but only REMS pressure after deprivation persists in the decerebrate cat; (e) the thalamus engages in both NREMS and W; (f) insomnia in diencephalic cats is the result of an imbalance between antagonistic W- and S-promoting cellular groups in the ventral brain (normally modulated by the telencephalon); (g) the EEG waves, which are signature for each S-W state, appear to truly drive the concomitant behaviors, e.g. a hypothetical human IF could alternate between behavioral NREMS and W/arousal/awareness; (h) a role for REMS is to keep the individual sleeping at the end of the self-limiting NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephaling NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephalic S-W processes and downstream control of the lower S-W system levels is emphasized.     

The development of the ligament of the head of the femur

The hip joints of 30 human male and female fetuses and stillborns between 20 mm and 350 mm crown-rump length were studied by light microscopy. The ligament of the head of the femur developed in situ as a condensation of mesenchyme at the end of the second month of intra-uterine life (IUL), and was vascularized by branches of acetabular vessels early in the fourth month. In the majority of fetuses older than 5.5 months IUL, vessels in the ligament passed a short way into the femoral head within cartilage canals, to supply a small region around the fovea capitis. The remainder of the head was supplied by vessels in canals from around the upper part of the neck. The ligament changed from predominantly cellular to fibrous during the last 4 months of IUL. This increase in strength suggested significant mechanical functions in utero: limitation of adduction-flexion and opposition to postero-superior dislocation were the most likely.     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Involvement of the striatum in the central regulation of the hormonal functions of the gonads

Studies reported here show that intrastriatal administration of corticoliberin to rats decreases the blood testosterone level. However, in conditions of chemical deficiency of dopaminergic transmission in the dorsal striatum induced by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine, the effect of this neurohormone did not appear. It is concluded that extrahypothalamic corticoliberin is involved in regulating the hormonal reproductive system acting via dopaminergic mechanisms. Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 85, No. 4, pp. 594–597, April, 1999.     

Ultrastructure of the endothelium of the drainage system of the eye

The endothelium of the ocular drainage system (Schlemm’s canal, collector tubules, and aqueous veins) in primary juvenile glaucoma undergoes degenerative dystrophic changes with compensatory hypertrophy and proliferation at the initial stages of the glaucomatous process and atrophy and desquamation at advanced and terminal stages. Progressive decrease in the pinocytous function of endotheliocytes, reduction of the protein-synthesizing and mitochondrial compartments of the cytoplasm, and formation of autophagosomes reflect the process of endotheliocyte degeneration in general. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 5, pp. 574–577, May, 2008