280例冠状动脉旁路移植术临床分析

目的总结分析非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)治疗冠心病的效果和临床经验。方法1998年3月~2004年10月,280例冠心病(CAD)患者接受冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)。OPCAB实施率(即OPCAB占单纯冠状动脉旁路移植术的百分比)为94.7%。平均年龄63.1岁。合并瓣膜病变11例,合并室壁瘤9例。左室射血分数(LVEF)平均(47±14)%。5例急诊手术,其中2例术前放置主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)。32例在常规体外循环下手术;248例采用非体外循环心脏不停跳技术,术中改施体外循环6例。其中5例全动脉化、2例全静脉化旁路移植术。结果平均每例远端吻合口2.95。4例左前胸部小切口单支病变旁路移植术,其余均为正中切口,多支病变的CABG手术。死亡3例(1.07%)。结论OPCAB手术安全可行,早期效果满意,远期效果有待进一步观察。实施OPCAB要求具备独特的技术和方法。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床应用

目的:探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)的手术经验及临床应用。方法:回顾分析我院自2004年3月-2007年12月采用非体外循环不停跳下进行冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病37例的临床资料,全组均应用左乳内动脉吻合前降支,2例患者术前及术中应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)临时辅助。结果:全组37例共行冠脉搭桥109支,平均2.94支/人,3例搭桥4支,29例搭桥3支,5例搭桥2支。全组死亡1例,全组无出血和脑部并发症发生。结论:非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植手术是安全可行的手术方式,可避免体外循环的并发症,手术效果满意。     

冠状动脉搭桥术60例治疗体会

目的:总结60例冠状动脉搭桥术的临床经验。方法:对2002年12月至2006年11月进行冠状动脉搭桥术的60例病人进行临床分析。全组男52例,女8例,平均年龄(52.31±8.12)岁;其中陈旧性心肌梗死23例,急性心肌梗死5例,不稳定性心绞痛41例,合并高血压29例,糖尿病18例,左室室壁瘤3例。左心室射血分数平均(0.52±0.17)。6例行常规体外循环心脏停跳下冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG),其中2例同时行左室室壁瘤切除术。9例行常温体外循环心脏跳动下冠状动脉旁路移植术。45例行非体外循环心脏跳动下冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB),其中2例术中改为体外循环下行冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)。急诊手术3例。结果:全组共行左乳内动脉桥吻合59支,桡动脉桥4支,大隐静脉桥94支。应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)6例。住院死亡3例,57例10~18d痊愈出院。结论:OPCAB与传统的体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术(CCABG)相比,有一定的优势。体外循环准备是OPCAB手术不可缺少的一部分。IABP对于衰竭的心脏是一种强有力的辅助措施,疗效优于目前应用的任何药物。     

左主干病变的非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的　总结 14 3例左主干 (LM)病变患者行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OPCAB)的经验体会。方法　 1999年 9月至 2 0 0 2年 4月 ,行左主干病变的非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术 14 3例 ,69例有心肌梗死史 ,其中 2 5例为心肌梗死后 1个月内手术 ,12 3例有不稳定心绞痛 ,二次手术 4例 ,三支病变 114例。左心室射血分数平均 (5 6.4± 13 .8) % ,其中射血分数 <3 0 %者 13例。结果　所有病例在非体外循环下完成冠状动脉旁路移植术 ,急诊手术 4 4例 ,选择性手术 99例。远端吻合口数目为 3 .3 4± 0 .85个 ,主动脉内球囊反搏 17例。手术死亡 3例 ,均死于恶性心律失常。其余并发症的发生与非左主干病变组无差别。结论　左主干病变行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术安全、可行、疗效满意     

280例冠状动脉旁路移植术临床分析

目的总结非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)的治疗效果和临床经验。方法选自1998-03~2004-10间280例冠心病(CAD)患者接受冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)。OPCAB实施率(即OPCAB占单纯冠状动脉旁路移植术的百分比)为94.7%。平均年龄63.1岁。合并瓣膜病变11例,合并室壁瘤9例。左室射血分数(LVEF)平均47%±14%。5例急诊手术,其中2例术前放置主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)。32例在常规体外循环下手术;248例采用非体外循环心脏不停跳技术,术中改施体外循环6例。其中5例全动脉化、2例全静脉化旁路移植术。结果平均每例远端吻合口2.95个。4例左前胸部小切口单支病变旁路移植术,其余均为正中切口,多支病变的CABG手术。死亡3例(1.07%)。结论OPCAB手术安全可行,早期效果满意,远期效果有待进一步观察。OPCAB具备独特的技术特点和方法。     

218例冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床分析

目的　总结分析非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OPCAB)的外科治疗效果和临床经验。方法　1997- 11～ 2 0 0 4 - 0 7,2 18例CAD病人接受了冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG)。OPCAB实施率 (即OPCAB占单纯冠状动脉旁路移植术的百分比 )为 92 .4 %。平均年龄 6 3.1岁。左室射血分数 (LVEF)平均 0 .5 6± 0 .17。 6例急诊手术 ,其中 2例术前放置主动脉球囊反搏 (IABP)。 31例在常规体外循环下手术 ;187例应用非体外循环不停跳技术 ,术中改为体外循环 5例。其中 5例全动脉化、2例全静脉化旁路移植术。结果　平均术前住院 2 .9d。 2例左前胸部小切口单支病变旁路移植术 ,其余均为正中切口 ,多支病变的OPCAB手术。平均每例远端吻合口 2 .85个。死亡 1例 (0 .4 5 % )。结论　OPCAB手术安全可行 ,早期效果满意 ,远期效果有待进一步观察。OPCAB具备独特的技术特点和方法。     

重度肺功能减退患者的冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的　探讨重度肺功能减退患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术的方法和围术期处理。方法　 2 1例重度肺功能减退患者均为混合性通气功能障碍 ,以限制性通气功能障碍为主者 4例 ,以阻塞性通气功能障碍为主者 17例。 6例在常规体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CCABG) ,15例为非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OPCAB)。结果　术后出现呼吸系统并发症 9例 ,呼吸衰竭 4例 (CCABG3例 ,OPCAB1例 )。 1例因多器官功能障碍并发上消化道大出血死亡 ,余患者痊愈出院。结论　术前充分的准备、术中选择OPCAB、术后良好的呼吸道管理 ,有助于提高重度肺功能减退患者冠状动脉旁路移植术的效果     

冠状动脉旁路移植术的应用体会

目的 :为冠状动脉患者提供一种有效、安全的治疗方法。方法 :全组 8例患者均行冠状动脉旁路移植术 ;其中 1例在非体外下应用左乳内动脉行前降支旁路移植术 ;7例在常温体外循环下行前降支及回旋支的旁路移植 ,桥体选用左乳内动脉或 (和 )大隐静脉 ;作“蛇行桥”吻合的桥体均采用大隐静脉 ,吻合方法为先远端后近端、逆时针单纯连续缝合。结果 :全组 8例患者术后心绞痛症状消失 ,心电图无心肌缺血改变。结论 :冠状动脉旁路移植术的手术技巧是冠状动脉旁路移植术的成功关键     

非体外与常规体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的比较

目的 比较非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)与常规体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)的初期效果. 方法 回顾性地将76例单独行冠状动脉旁路移植术的患者分为OPCAB组(n=46)和CCABG组(n=30).OPCAB组患者通过胸骨正中切口,在非体外循环心脏不停跳下完成冠状动脉旁路移植术;CCABG组建立常规体外循环,心脏停搏下完成冠状动脉旁路移植术.对2组病例的术前和术后各项指标进行比较. 结果 2组患者术前的一般情况无差异.OPCAB组与CCABG组的移植旁路血管数分别为(2.8±0.9)支及(2.7±0.9)支(P＞0.05);术后多巴胺使用率为32.6%比70.0%(P＜0.05).OPCAB组术后胸腔引流量和输血量较少,呼吸机辅助时间、ICU留观时间和住院时间均较短,住院费用较低(P均＜0.05).术后并发症的发生率OPCAB组为10.9%,CCABG组为30.0%,两组比较差别有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组患者均无手术中死亡;术后心绞痛症状均消失. 结论 OPCAB治疗冠心病的初期效果优于CCABG,但其近、远期疗效还需进一步观察.     

全动脉化非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术的临床应用

目的探讨全动脉化非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(冠脉搭桥术)的手术技术、安全性和近中期手术效果。方法 2004年3月～2012年4月接受全动脉化非体外循环冠脉搭桥术(包括微创冠脉搭桥)患者35例,人均搭桥2.7支(1～4支)。其中常规开胸非体外循环冠脉搭桥30例,胸腔镜辅助下微创冠脉搭桥5例。同期行体外循环下全动脉化冠脉搭桥8例,同期行一根乳内动脉和静脉做常规非体外循环冠脉搭桥248例,比较不同手术方式的死亡率、并发症、桥血管数目和近中期疗效等。结果全动脉化非体外循环冠脉搭桥术后仅1例患者因胸骨感染死亡,34例症状明显改善顺利出院,随访效果均良好,无心绞痛发作,心功能明显改善。结论全动脉化非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术临床效果较好,并发症及死亡率较体外循环下搭桥少,总的风险更低,但因患者病变、病情及各种因素,本术仍不能完全取代冠状动旁路移植术。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.