Comparison of scoring systems in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis

AIM:To investigate the prognostic usefulness of several existing scoring systems in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis(AP).METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed the prospectively collected clinical database from consecutive patients with AP in our institution between January 2011 and December 2012.Ranson,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)-Ⅱ,and bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis(BISAP)scores,and computed tomography severity index(CTSI)of all patients were calculated.Serum C-reactive protein(CRP)levels were measured at admission(CRPi)and after 24h(CRP24).Severe AP was defined as persistent organ failure for more than 48 h.The predictive accuracy of each scoring system was measured by the area under the receiver-operating curve(AUC).RESULTS:Of 161 patients,21(13%)were classified as severe AP,and 3(1.9%)died.Statistically significant cutoff values for prediction of severe AP were Ranson≥3,BISAP≥2,APACHE-Ⅱ≥8,CTSI≥3,and CRP24≥21.4.AUCs for Ranson,BISAP,APACHE-Ⅱ,CTSI,and CRP24 in predicting severe AP were 0.69(95%CI:0.62-0.76),0.74(95%CI:0.66-0.80),0.78(95%CI:0.70-0.84),0.69(95%CI:0.61-0.76),and0.68(95%CI:0.57-0.78),respectively.APACHE-Ⅱdemonstrated the highest accuracy for prediction of severe AP,however,no statistically significant pairwise differences were observed between APACHE-Ⅱand the other scoring systems,including CRP24.CONCLUSION:Various scoring systems showed similar predictive accuracy for severity of AP.Unique models are needed in order to achieve further improvement of prognostic accuracy.     

BISAP联合凝血指标对急性胰腺炎严重程度评估的意义

目的:研究BISAP(bedside index for severity in AP)评分联合凝血指标对急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)严重程度评估的意义.方法:回顾2008-2012年中国医科大学附属盛京医院收治的166例AP患者的临床资料.对所有患者进行入院24h的BISAP、APACHE-Ⅱ评分,48h的Ranson’s及发病72h内CTSI评分,入院24h内抽取静脉血测定部分凝血活酶活化时间、凝血酶原时间、D-二聚体(D-dimer)、纤维蛋白原及血小板水平.分析凝血指标及BISAP评分对AP严重程度判断的意义,并通过ROC曲线分析二者联合对AP严重程度评估的意义.结果:多因素Logistic回归分析发现,D-dimer对AP严重程度评估具有独立预测意义;随着BISAP评分增加,SAP的比率增加;BISAP评分系统评估AP严重程度以2为临界点时Youden指数最大(0.541),ROC曲线下面积为0.836(0.776-0.896),并不逊于传统评分系统;BISAP评分系统联合D-dimer能更好地评估AP患者的严重程度.结论:BISAP是临床判断AP轻重程度的简单有效的指标,将BISAP与D-dimer联合应用使得对AP严重程度的评估更为准确.     

BISAP评分系统对重症急性胰腺炎的评估价值

目的 探讨新型BISAP评分体系(bedside index for severity in AP)对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的评估价值。方法 选取临床拟诊为SAP的患者68例,分别进行BISAP、APACHEⅡ、Ranson以及CTSI评分。BISAP评分标准包括患者入院24h内的尿素氮水平、受损精神状态、全身炎症反应综合征、年龄、胸腔积液5项内容。以BISAP≥3分、APACHEⅡ≥8分、Ranson≥3分、CTSI≥3分为SAP的评估标准,分析这几种评分系统评估SAP的正确率。结果 68例患者中,BISAP≥3分者43例,占63.2％;APACHEⅡ≥8分者41例,占60.3％;Ranson≥3分者41例,占60.3％;CTSI≥3分者46例,占67.6％。BISAP评分系统与APACHEⅡ评分系统、Ranson评分系统以及CTSI评分系统比较,评估SAP的正确率均无显著性统计学差异。结论 BISAP评分系统作为一种新型的、简便的评分体系可推广应用于SAP的评估。     

应用EpiInf07软件建立具有自动评分和自动诊断功能的急性胰腺炎数据库

目的 建立专业的急性胰腺炎（AP）数据库,并运用于AP的临床和科研研究.方法 从美国疾病预防控制中心（CDC）网站免费下载Epi Info 7软件,按照2012版亚特兰大急性胰腺炎分类和中国急性胰腺炎诊治指南（2013,上海）的标准,经南昌大学第一附属医院消化内科专家讨论制定收集的数据内容建立AP数据库.结果 建立的AP数据库包括基本信息、病史资料、体格检查、实验室检查、影像学检查、内科治疗、干预措施、并发症、病情评估与预后等15个页面和1个出院随访页面,共设置了1133个字段.数据库具有自动计算CT严重指数（CTSI）、改良的CT严重指数（MCTSI）、SIRS及Marshall、APACHEⅡ、Ranson、BISAP评分分值,自动诊断短暂性和持续性器官衰竭,自动诊断轻度急性胰腺炎（MAP）、中度急性胰腺炎（MSAP）和重度急性胰腺炎（SAP）等功能,还具有数据查询、数据导入与交换、自动计算数据、自检错误与缺失数据、数据统计分析等功能.2011年1月1日至2012年12月31日已收集了南昌大学第一附属医院1087例AP住院患者的临床数据.结论 利用Epi info 7软件成功建立了专业的AP数据库,使用简单、界面友好、成本低廉,在AP临床和科研研究中具有很高的应用价值.     

急性胰腺炎初期全身炎症反应综合征持续时间与感染性胰腺坏死的关系

目的探究急性胰腺炎(AP)患者早期炎症反应与晚期感染性胰腺坏死(IPN)的潜在关系。方法回顾性纳入西南医科大学附属医院2019年6月—2020年6月收治的中度重症急性胰腺炎(MSAP)患者219例,重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者53例,根据起病初期是否合并全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS),分为SIRS组160例,非SRIS组112例。纳入基线资料、血清学指标、并发症及病死率。计量资料两组间比较采用t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验,多组间进一步两两比较采用Bonferroni法。logistic回归分析筛选有价值的变量,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)用于比较变量的诊断价值,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)的两两比较采用Z检验。结果SIRS组患者的WBC、CRP、降钙素原更高(P值均<0.05),SIRS组合并急性胰周坏死物聚集(ANC)、IPN、胰腺坏死(PN)、器官功能障碍(OF)、多器官功能障碍(MODS)、重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)、危重症急性胰腺炎(CAP)、死亡、BISAP评分>2、CTSI评分>2、RANSON评分>2的比例均高于非SIRS组(P值均<0.05)。单因素分析显示,SIRS持续时间、肥胖、CRP、WBC、血尿素氮、PN、ANC、SAP、MODS、RANSON评分、BISAP评分、CTSI评分均是AP患者发生IPN的影响因素(P值均<0.05);多因素分析显示,SIRS持续时间(OR=1.307,95%CI:1.081~1.580,P=0.006)、ANC(OR=42.247,95%CI:10.829~164.818,P<0.001)是IPN的危险因素,排除ANC时,SIRS持续时间(OR=1.430,95%CI:1.207~1.694,P<0.001)、PN(OR=5.296,95%CI:1.845~15.203,P=0.002)是IPN的危险因素。预测IPN的ROC曲线显示:SIRS持续时间(AUC=0.772,约登指数:0.521)、RANSON评分(AUC=0.701,约登指数:0.319)、BISAP评分(AUC=0.741,约登指数:0.377)、CTSI评分(AUC=0.765,约登指数:0.414)的AUC两两比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。超长时间SIRS组(>4 d)患者发生PN、ANC、IPN、SAP、CAP的比例均显著高于无SIRS组(0)、短暂性SIRS组(1~2 d)和持续性SIRS组(3~4 d)(P值均<0.05),持续性SIRS组患者发生SAP的比例高于无SIRS组(P<0.05)。结论AP患者早期合并SIRS时更容易发生器官功能衰竭及局部并发症,当SIRS持续时间>4.5 d时,患者发生IPN的风险显著增加。     

血小板异常评估急性胰腺炎严重程度的临床价值

目的 探讨血小板在急性胰腺炎（AP）患者中的变化及与AP严重程度和预后的关系.方法 比较重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）组和轻症急性胰腺炎（MAP）组血小板的计数变化.SAP组进一步分为血小板降低组和血小板正常组,比较两组局部并发症和多器官功能不全综合征（MODS）的发生率、病死率以及胰腺坏死程度与血小板计数（PLT）之间的关系,并分析差异有无统计学意义.分析血小板与APACHEⅡ评分系统、BISAP评分系统、CT评分系统、Ranson评分系统之间的相关性.结果 AP患者重症组与轻症组相比,PLT下降,血小板平均体积（MPV）升高,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,PDW及PCT差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;SAP患者发病前3d首次PLT计数（＜100×109/L）的比例明显多于MAP组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）;血小板降低组中局部并发症患者、MODS患者及病死率明显高于血小板正常组,两者相比差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）;SAP中胰腺坏死程度与血小板计数水平呈负相关性（P＜0.05）;血小板计数水平与CTSI评分标准相关性最强,其次是APACHEⅡ评分系统,而与Ranson评分系统无明显相关性.结论 血小板计数能够比较准确地反映AP的严重程度和预后,尤其在预测SAP局部并发症、MODS、坏死程度中有较高的临床价值.     

急性胰腺炎评分系统综述

急性胰腺炎为急诊常见疾病,大多数为轻型病程,20％发展为急性重症胰腺炎,病情凶险,病死率高。因而早期对急性胰腺炎进行评估,识别急性重症胰腺炎患者并给予早期积极治疗至关重要。本文介绍了目前临床上广泛使用的Ranson、APACHEII、BISAP、CTSI等急性胰腺炎评分系统,并对其特点进行综述。     

急性胰腺炎分型与病情评估的研究进展

急性胰腺炎（AP）是消化科常见急症。由于预后的不同,早期发现急性重症胰腺炎并及时干预非常重要,因此许多临床进展与之有关。介绍了AP两方面的进展,一方面,2012年的亚特兰大分型将重症胰腺炎（SAP）改为中度重症急性胰腺炎（MASP）和重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）,是否存在持续48 h的器官衰竭是鉴别MSAP及SAP的关键。另一方面,床旁AP严重度评分作为一种新的AP评分在国内外的研究中得到了肯定的结果。这两方面的进展均体现了人们对AP认识的深入,并可能在将来提高AP患者的预后。     

新CT评分系统预测急性胰腺炎病情严重程度的临床研究

目的 在综合急性胰腺炎(AP)患者胰腺外炎症征象及胰腺坏死程度基础上,建立一种新CT评分系统--胰腺外炎症和胰腺坏死CT指数(EPIPN)评分系统.以初步探讨其预测AP病情严重程度和预后的诊断价值.方法 回顾分析2006年8月至2007年12月住院确诊的77例AP患者的临床资料,包括年龄、性别、病因、起病72 h C反应蛋白(CRP)水平、Ranson评分、人院48 h时APACHEⅡ评分,器官衰竭发生情况、腹痛消失时间、住院时间等.所有患者人院后2～3 d行增强CT检查,获得CT严重指数(CTSI)评分和EPIPN评分,CTSI≥7分为重症AP(SAP),EPIPN>5分为SAP.应用ROC曲线比较EPIPN和CTSI预测AP病情严重程度的诊断效力,初步分析EPlPN和CTSI与AP临床预后指标的相关性.结果 77例患者中男34例,女43例,平均年龄51.79岁(22～92岁).胆源性63例,高血脂6例,酒精性1例,原因不明7例.14例(18.2%)患者曾发生器官衰竭.EPIPN和CTSI预测SAP的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.82(95%可信区间0.73～0.91)、0.72(95%可信区间0.59～0.86),CTSI≥7预测SAP的灵敏度、特异度分别为80.4%和55%,EPIPN>5预测SAP的灵敏度、特异度分别为91.3%和63%.EPIPN与AP患者住院时间、APACHEⅡ评分、CRP有良好的相关性.结论 EPIPN可准确预测和评估AP病情严重程度和预后,其诊断效力优于CTSI.EPIPN简便实用,具有良好的临床应用价值.     

Clinical significance of melatonin concentrations in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis

AIM: To assess the value of plasma melatonin in pre-dicting acute pancreatitis when combined with the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) and bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) scoring systems. METHODS: APACHEⅡ and BISAP scores were calculated for 55 patients with acute physiology (AP) in the first 24 h of admission to the hospital. Additionally, morning (6:00 AM) serum melatonin concentrations were measured on the first day after admission. According to the diagnosis and treatment guidelines for acute pancreatitis in China, 42 patients suffered mild AP (MAP). The other 13 patients developed severe AP (SAP). A total of 45 healthy volunteers were used in this study as controls. The ability of melatonin and the APACHEⅡ and BISAP scoring systems to predict SAP was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The optimal melatonin cutoff concentration for SAP patients, based on the ROC curve, was used to classify the patients into either a high concen-tration group (34 cases) or a low concentration group (21 cases). Differences in the incidence of high scores, according to the APACHEⅡ and BISAP scoring sys- tems, were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The MAP patients had increased melatonin levels compared to the SAP (38.34 ng/L vs 26.77 ng/L) (P = 0.021) and control patients (38.34 ng/L vs 30.73 ng/L) (P = 0.003). There was no significant difference inmelatoninconcentrations between the SAP group and the control group. The accuracy of determining SAP based on the melatonin level, the APACHEⅡ score and the BISAP score was 0.758, 0.872, and 0.906, respectively, according to the ROC curve. A melatonin concentration ≤ 28.74 ng/L was associated with an increased risk of developing SAP. The incidence of high scores (≥ 3) using the BISAP system was significantly higher in patients with low melatonin concentration (≤ 28.74 ng/L) compared to patients with high melatonin concentration (> 28.74 ng/L) (42.9% vs 14.7%, P = 0.02). The     

Imaging and clinical prognostic indicators of acute pancreatitis: a comparative insight

Acute pancreatitis is a disease with a broad spectrum of clinical presentation. It varies in severity from mild edematous pancreatitis with mostly uneventful recovery to severe necrotizing forms associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Various severity scoring systems are used for assessing the prognosis of acute pancreatitis. These include the clinical scoring scales as Ranson criteria, Glasgow scales, simplified acute physiology (SAP) score and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score. The CT severity index (CTSI) derived by Balthazar grading of pancreatitis and the extent of pancreatic necrosis is now widely used in describing CT findings of acute pancreatitis and serves as the radiological scoring system. The purpose of this review is to analyze the correlation of clinical and radiological scoring scales with patient outcome and assess their role as objective prognosticators of acute pancreatitis patients.     

Red cell distribution width to serum albumin ratio as an early prognostic marker for severe acute pancreatitis: A retrospective study

Background and study aimsThe ability to predict severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) at an early stage is crucial for reducing the associated complications and mortality. In this study, we compared the ratio of red cell distribution width to albumin (RDW-to-ALB) using predictive scoring systems, such as the Ranson score, BISAP, and MCTSI, to develop a simple and accurate method of predicting SAP.Patients and methodsWe included 212 patients with mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) and 89 with SAP between January 2013 and December 2018. The differences in the general characteristics and biochemical analysis as well as the various predictive scores were compared between the two groups. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity between the RDW-to-ALB ratio, RDW, ALB, and multiple predictive scores in patients with early acute pancreatitis (AP) by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsThe RDW-to-ALB ratio (%) of patients with SAP was higher than that of patients with MAP (0.43 ± 0.08 vs. 0.32 ± 0.04, p < 0.001). Patients with SAP had higher Ranson, BISAP, and MCTSI scores than those with MAP. The ROC curve revealed that, when the RDW-to-ALB ratio (%) was >0.36, the sensitivity and specificity of the predicted SAP were 80.0% and 80.7%, respectively. Further statistical analysis found that the RDW-to-ALB ratio and Ranson, BISAP, and MCTSI scores were consistent in predicting SAP effectiveness (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe RDW-to-ALB ratio has a promising predictive power for SAP, and its effectiveness is comparable with those of Ranson, BISAP, and MCTSI scores.     

Analysis of factors influencing survival in patients with severe acute pancreatitis

Objective: Acute pancreatitis (AP) ranges from a mild and self-limiting disease to a fulminant illness with significant morbidity and mortality. Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is defined as persistent organ failure lasting for 48?h. We aimed to determine the factors that predict survival and mortality in patients with SAP.

Methods: We reviewed a consecutive series of patients who were admitted with acute pancreatitis between January 2003 and January 2013. A total of 1213 cases involving 660 patients were evaluated, and 68 cases with SAP were selected for the study. Patients were graded based on the Computer Tomography Severity Index (CTSI), the bedside index for severity (BISAP), and Ranson’s criteria.

Results: The frequency of SAP was 5.6% (68/1213 cases). Among these patients, 17 died due to pancreatitis-induced causes. We compared several factors between the survivor (n?=?51) and non-survivor (n?=?17) groups. On multivariate analysis, there were significant differences in the incidence of diabetes mellitus (p?=?.04), Ranson score (p?=?.03), bacteremia (p?=?.05) and body mass index (BMI) (p?=?.02) between the survivor and non-survivor groups.

Conclusions: Bacteremia, high Ranson score, DM, and lower BMI were closely associated with mortality in patients with SAP. When patients with SAP show evidence of bacteremia or diabetes, aggressive treatment is necessary. For the prediction of disease mortality, the Ranson score might be a useful tool in SAP.     

Balthazar computed tomography severity index is superior to Ranson criteria and APACHE II and III scoring systems in predicting acute pancreatitis outcome

BACKGROUND AND GOALS: Acute pancreatitis runs an unpredictable course. We prospectively analyzed the prognostic usefulness of four different scoring systems in separately assessing three variables; acute pancreatitis severity, development of organ failure and pancreatic necrosis. STUDY: 78 patients with acute pancreatitis were studied prospectively. Data pertinent to scoring systems were recorded 24 hours (APACHE II and III scores), 48 hours (Ranson score) and 72 hours (Balthazar computed tomography severity index) after admission. Statistical analysis was performed by using receiver operating characteristic curves and by comparing likelihood ratios of positive test (LRPT) for all three outcome variables. RESULTS: 44 patients were classified as mild and 34 as severe pancreatitis. When we compared LRPT, only that for the Balthazar score (11.2157) was able to generate large and conclusive changes from pretest to post-test probability in acute pancreatitis severity prediction. LRPT were 2.4157 for Ranson, 4.0980 for APACHE II and 3.6670 for APACHE III score. The APACHE II and III scores and Ranson criteria performed slightly better than the Balthazar score in predicting organ failure (LRPT: 4.0667, 3.2892, 3.0362 and 1.7941 respectively), while when predicting pancreatic necrosis the APACHE II and III performed slightly better than the Ranson score (LRPT: 2.0769, 2.7500 and 1.7813 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In all outcome measures the APACHE scores generate small and of similar extent changes in probability. The Balthazar score is superior to other scoring systems in predicting acute pancreatitis severity and pancreatic necrosis. However the Ranson and APACHE scores perform slightly better with respect to organ failure prediction.     

高脂血症性胰腺炎20年发病率和临床特征的分析

目的 回顾性分析近20年广州市第一人民医院收治的高三酰甘油血症性急性胰腺炎（HLAP）的发病率及其临床特征变化.方法 收集1991年1月至2010年12月广州医科大学附属广州市第一人民医院急性胰腺炎（AP）病例1 362例,根据时间划分为4个年度段（1991年至1995年,1996年至2000年,2001年至2005年,2006年至2010年）,比较HLAP患者的发病构成、临床特征和预后.结果 HLAP患者共99例,其中男性61例,女性38例,平均年龄（44±12）岁,以年轻男性居多.HLAP患者占总AP患者的7.3％,4个年度构成比分别为5.4％、5.7％、6.7％和8.3％,20年间增加了1.5倍.99例HLAP患者平均血淀粉酶活性为（513.3±462.7） mmol/L,TG为（12.7±7.0） mmol/L,Ranson评分为（1.2±1.1）分,CT严重指数（CTSI）为（2.2±1.1）分,全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）发生率为36.4％,脏器功能衰竭发生率为18.2％,胰腺假性囊肿发生率5.1％,但重度急性胰腺炎（SAP）发生率和病死率并不随年代变迁而变化.HLAP患者SAP发生率和病死率均显著高于胆源性AP（分别为20.2％比8.5％,6.1％比2.8％）.血液净化应用率从第1年度段的0上升到第4年度段的10.7％.HLAP患者的住院时间从第1年度段的26 d逐渐下降至第4年度段的14 d,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 HLAP发生率呈逐年升高趋势,有重症化倾向,但患者预后有所改善.     

The revised Atlanta criteria 2012 altered the classiifcation,severity assessment and management of acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND: The Atlanta criteria for acute pancreatitis (AP) has been revised recently. This study was to evaluate its practical value in classiifcation of AP, the severity assessment and management.
METHODS: The clinical features, severity classiifcation, out-come and risk factors for mortality of 3212 AP patients who had been admitted in Ruijin Hospital from 2004 to 2011 were analyzed based on the revised Atlanta criteria (RAC) and the original Atlanta criteria (OAC).
RESULTS: Compared to the OAC group, the incidence of se-vere acute pancreatitis (SAP) was decreased by approximately one half (13.9% vs 28.2%) in the RAC group. The RAC present-ed a lower sensitivity but higher speciifcity, and its predictive value for severity and poor outcome was higher than those of the OAC. The proportion of SAP diagnosis and ICU admission in the early phase in the RAC group was signiifcantly lower than that in the OAC group (P<0.05). Based on the RAC, the risk factors for death among SAP patients were older age, high CT severity index (CTSI), renal failure, cardiovascular failure, acute necrotic collection and walled-off necrosis. Compared to the OAC, the acute physiology and chronic health evalua-tion II (APACHE II) score, Ranson score, idiopathic etiology, respiratory failure and laparotomy debridement were not risk factors of death in contrast to walled-off necrosis. Interest-ingly, hypertriglyceridemia-related SAP had good outcomes in both groups.
CONCLUSIONS: The RAC showed a higher predictive value for severity and poorer outcome than the OAC. However, the RAC resulted in fewer ICU admissions in the early phase due to its lower sensitivity for diagnosis of SAP. Among SAP cases, older age, high CTSI, renal and cardiovascular failure, com-plications of acute necrotic collection and walled-off necrosis were independent risk factors for mortality.     

The revised Atlanta criteria 2012 altered the classification,severity assessment and management of acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND:The Atlanta criteria for acute pancreatitis(AP) has been revised recently.This study was to evaluate its practical value in classification of AP,the severity assessment and management.METHODS:The clinical features,severity classification,outcome and risk factors for mortality of 3212 AP patients who had been admitted in Ruijin Hospital from 2004 to 2011 were analyzed based on the revised Atlanta criteria(RAC) and the original Atlanta criteria(OAC).RESULTS:Compared to the OAC group,the incidence of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) was decreased by approximately one half(13.9% vs 28.2%) in the RAC group.The RAC presented a lower sensitivity but higher specificity,and its predictive value for severity and poor outcome was higher than those of the OAC.The proportion of SAP diagnosis and ICU admission in the early phase in the RAC group was significantly lower than that in the OAC group(P0.05).Based on the RAC,the risk factors for death among SAP patients were older age,high CT severity index(CTSI),renal failure,cardiovascular failure,acute necrotic collection and walled-off necrosis.Compared to the OAC,the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II(APACHE II) score,Ranson score,idiopathic etiology,respiratory failure and laparotomy debridement were not risk factors of death in contrast to walled-off necrosis.Interestingly,hypertriglyceridemia-related SAP had good outcomes in both groups.CONCLUSIONS:The RAC showed a higher predictive value for severity and poorer outcome than the OAC.However,the RAC resulted in fewer ICU admissions in the early phase due to its lower sensitivity for diagnosis of SAP.Among SAP cases,older age,high CTSI,renal and cardiovascular failure,complications of acute necrotic collection and walled-off necrosis were independent risk factors for mortality.     

Outcome assessment in acute pancreatitis patients

Early diagnosis and severity evaluation in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) are very important due to its potential morbidity and mortality. Several clinical, laboratory, and radiologic factors, and many scoring systems have been proposed for outcome prediction. Although the Ranson and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scoring systems have been widely used for decades, the cumbersome components partly limit their predictability. Recently, the Bedside Index for Severity in AP scoring system and series blood urea nitrogen changes, which are simple and convenient to evaluate within 24 hours after admission, have been validated for accuracy by several large-cohort studies. The presence of organ failure and systemic inflammatory response syndrome are also helpful to evaluate the severity of AP. Herein we review recent advances of the predictive methods for AP to provide an up-to-date perspective on outcome assessment of AP.     

中度和重度急性胰腺炎的临床特征与预后分析

目的 评价新的急性胰腺炎（AP）分类标准的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析78例原诊断为重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）患者的临床资料,按新的分类标准将其细分为中度急性胰腺炎（MSAP）组（57例）和重度急性胰腺炎（SAP）组（21例）.记录两组患者的性别,年龄,病因,入院后的实验室和影像学检查,APACHEⅡ、Ranson、SIRS、改良Marshall、JSS、BISAP、Imrie评分,胃肠减压天数,入住ICU天数,住院总天数,外科干预例数,病死率,住院总费用等.结果 入院时两组患者的性别比、病因、血细胞比容、SIRS评分的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.SAP组患者入院时血肌酐、血尿素氮、血乳酸脱氢酶水平及APACHEⅡ、Ranson、改良Marshall、JSS、BISAP、Imrie评分分别为（157.13±101.60） μmol/L、（10.38±7.43） mmol/L、（780.62±645.01） IU/L和（13.71±5.03）、（5.14±2.15）、（5.48±2.36）、（4.62±1.63）、（2.57±0.60）、（4.71±1.27）分;MSAP组分别为（71.85±27.90） μmol/L、（4.71±2.57） mmol/L、（337.70±177.77）IU/L和（7.39±3.91）、（2.49±1.56）、（0.81±0.85）、（2.21±1.37）、（1.68±0.81）、（2.77±1.24）分,两组差异均有统计学意义（P值均＜0.05）.SAP组患者均有持续性器官功能衰竭,单器官功能衰竭8例,多器官功能衰竭13例,9例患者病死;MSAP组患者均治愈出院.SAP组患者入住ICU例数及入住平均天数、住院总天数、住院总费用分别为11例、（8.10±13.67）d、（45.8±45.5）d、（11.41±16.67）万元;MSAP组分别为2例、（0.16±0.88）d、（26.3±19.7）d、（3.62±2.93）万元,两组差异均有统计学意义（P值均＜0.05）.结论 按新的AP分类标准将重症急性胰腺炎分为MSAP、SAP有助于临床医师更准确地评估患者的病情及预后.     

Balthazar computed tomography severity index is superior to Ranson criteria and APACHE Ⅱ scoring system in predicting acute pancreatitis outcome

AIM: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a process with variable involvement of regional tissues or organ systems.Multifactorial scales included the Ranson, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE Ⅱ) systems and Balthazar computed tomography severity index (CTSI).The purpose of this review study was to assess the accuracy of CTSI, Ranson score, and APACHE Ⅱ score in course and outcome prediction of AP.METHODS: We reviewed 121 patients who underwent helical CT within 48 h after onset of symptoms of a first episode of AP between 1999 and 2003. Fourteen inappropriate subjects were excluded; we reviewed the 107 contrastenhanced CT images to calculate the CTSI. We also reviewed their Ranson and APACHE Ⅱ score. In addition, complications,duration of hospitalization, mortality rate, and other pathology history also were our comparison parameters.RESULTS: We classified 85 patients (79%) as having mild AP (CTSI ＜5) and 22 patients (21%) as having severe AP (CTSI ≥5). In mild group, the mean APACHE Ⅱ score and Ranson score was 8.6±1.9 and 2.4±1.2, and those of severe group was 10.2±2.1 and 3.1±0.8, respectively. The most common complication was pseudocyst and abscess and it presented in 21 (20%) patients and their CTSI was 5.9±1.4. A CTSI ≥5 significantly correlated with death,complication present, and prolonged length of stay.Patients with a CTSI ≥5 were 15 times to die than those CTSI ＜5, and the prolonged length of stay and complications present were 17 times and 8 times than that in CTSI ＜5,respectively.CONCLUSION: CTSI is a useful tool in assessing the severity and outcome of AP and the CTSI ≥5 is an index in our study. Although Ranson score and APACHE Ⅱ score also are choices to be the predictors for complications,mortality and the length of stay of AP, the sensitivity of them are lower than CTSI.