新辅助化疗联合乳腺癌改良根治术对乳腺癌组织中分子标志物Survivin、HER-2、p53表达的影响及意义

目的探讨新辅助化疗联合乳腺癌改良根治术对乳腺癌组织中分子标志物Survivin、原癌基因人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)、p53表达的影响及其临床意义。方法选取临床确诊的乳腺癌患者120例,均接受新辅助化疗多西他赛+表阿霉素+环磷酰胺(TAC方案)治疗,化疗后经临床评估患者均行乳腺癌改良根治术。采用免疫组织化学检测化疗前后乳腺癌组织中分子标志物Survivin、HER-2、p53的表达情况,并采用Spearman秩相关检验各因子间的相关性。结果本组化疗后有效者88例,无效32例,有效率为73.33%。化疗前Survivin阳性表达率为67.50%(81/120),化疗后为35.00%(42/120);化疗前HER-2阳性表达率为51.67%(62/120),化疗后为35.83%(43/120);化疗前p53阳性表达率为46.67%(56/120),化疗后为35.83%(43/120)。化疗前后Survivin、HER-2、p53表达分布无显著差异(P0.05);化疗后Survivin、HER-2的阳性表达明显低于化疗前(P0.05),p53的阳性表达化疗前后无显著差异(P0.05);化疗前Survivin与HER-2表达呈正相关(r=19.703,P0.05),与p53表达无相关性(r=0.006,P0.05);化疗后Survivin与HER-2(r=49.647)、p53(r=45.949)均呈正相关(均P0.05)。结论新辅助化疗后乳腺癌组织中Survivin、HER-2、p53阳性表达均下降,且Survivin与HER-2、p53呈正相关,Survivin、HER-2和p53可作为预测和评价新辅助化疗效果的指标。     

ER、PR、Her-2及Ki-67在乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后表达情况及意义分析

目的探讨雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人表皮生长因子受体2(Her-2)及细胞增殖标志物Ki-67抗原(antigen Ki-67,ki67)在乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后表达情况及意义。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年1月在我院接受乳腺癌新辅助化疗的患者68例,研究患者癌组织化疗前后ER、PR、Her-2及Ki-67表达情况。结果乳腺癌患者肿瘤组织内ER、PR、Her-2新辅助化疗前后阳性率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);Ki-67新辅助化疗后高表达率为58.82%,低于化疗前的77.94%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌新辅助化疗前后肿瘤组织内ER、PR、Her-2表达无差异,但会造成Ki-67高表达率显著降低,可作为预测乳腺癌新辅助化疗药物敏感性和疗效的敏感指标。     

骨桥蛋白水平与老年宫颈癌患者预后的关系

目的探讨骨桥蛋白水平与老年宫颈癌患者预后的关系。方法 135例老年宫颈癌患者,采用TP化疗方案(紫杉醇+卡铂)进行治疗;采用免疫组织化学法检测患者化疗前和化疗1个疗程后宫颈组织骨桥蛋白阳性表达情况,分析骨桥蛋白水平与老年宫颈癌患者预后的关系。结果 135例患者均完成2个疗程化疗,总有效率为68.15%,完全缓解率为54.07%;化疗1个疗程后,化疗有效组(92例)病灶缩小50%以上,无效组(43例)病灶缩小低于50%;第2个疗程后,有效组35例患者病灶消失,无效组患者病灶无明显缩小;135例患者化疗前宫颈组织骨桥蛋白阳性表达率(85.19%)高于化疗1个疗程后(61.48%)(P0.01);有效组化疗前骨桥蛋白表达阳性率(78.26%)高于化疗1个疗程后(46.74%)(P0.01),无效组化疗前骨桥蛋白阳性率(100.00%)与化疗1个疗程后(93.02%)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);有效组和无效组化疗前骨桥蛋白阳性表达率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),化疗后无效组骨桥蛋白阳性表达率高于有效组(P0.01);骨桥蛋白阴性表达者完全缓解率(100.00%)明显高于阳性表达者(46.09%)(P0.01)。结论宫颈组织骨桥蛋白表达水平与宫颈癌发生、进展密切相关,检测骨桥蛋白表达水平可较准确评估化疗效果及预后。     

三阴性乳腺癌新辅助化疗前Ki-67表达与病理完全反应相关性的Meta分析

目的：对三阴性乳腺癌新辅助化疗前Ki-67表达与病理完全反应相关性进行系统综合评价。方法从PubM ed、中国期刊全文数据库及万方数据库中,检索有关Ki-67和三阴性乳腺癌新辅助化疗病理完全反应的文献,用风险比（RR）评价三阴性乳腺癌新辅助化疗前 Ki-67和病理完全反应间的关系,用 Rev-Man 5．2软件进行M eta分析。结果共纳入10篇文献（中文3篇,英文7篇）,三阴性乳腺癌患者共649例。采用固定效应模型计算合并RR＝4．04,95％ CI＝2．66-6．15（P＜0．01）。结论化疗前Ki-67高表达的三阴性乳腺癌患者在新辅助化疗后,获得病理完全缓解率大约是Ki-67低表达组的4倍。     

血管内皮生长因子在宫颈癌中的表达及其与新辅助化疗疗效的关系

【目的】探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在宫颈癌中的表达及其与新辅助化疗（NACT ）疗效的关系。【方法】采用免疫组化检测29例ⅠB～Ⅱ A 期宫颈癌组织 NACT 化疗前后VEGF的表达,并分析其与NACT的关系。【结果】29例ⅠB～ⅡA期宫颈癌患者NACT 化疗前VEGF阳性表达率51．7％（15／29）,显著高于NACT化疗后6．9％（2／29）（ P＜0．05）。NACT化疗后,完全缓解2例,部分缓解18例,稳定9例,无进展病例,有效率为69．0％,疾病控制率为100．0％。【结论】宫颈癌组织中VEGF的表达可作为NACT疗效的参考指标。     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗对癌组织ER、PR、HER-2及Ki67水平的影响

目的探讨乳腺癌新辅助化疗对癌组织雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人表皮生长因子受2(HER-2)及Ki67水平的影响。方法回顾性选取西中医药大学附属西电集团医院普外科收治的85例初诊乳腺癌患者为研究对象,经空心针穿刺活检确诊,均接受乳腺癌手术,术前接受新辅助化疗,观察化疗疗效,采用免疫组化染色法检测化疗前后ER、PR、HER-2及Ki67的表达情况,并分析标记物表达变化与化疗疗效的关系。结果 85例乳腺癌患者经新辅助化疗后,完全缓解4例(4. 71%),部分缓解62例(72. 94%),疾病稳定14例(16. 47%),疾病进展5例(5. 88%);术后病理完全缓解(p CR) 8例(9. 41%)。化疗前后ER、PR、HER-2表达情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);化疗后Ki67阳性表达率明显低于化疗前(P 0. 05); Ki67表达阳性患者与阴性患者在化疗疗效方面存在显著差异(P0. 05)。Spearman相关性分析显示,Ki67表达变化与化疗疗效呈负相关(r=-0. 563,P 0. 05)。结论乳腺癌术前新辅助化疗可有效控制肿瘤,降低Ki67的表达水平,Ki67可作为乳腺癌分子标记物,但新辅助化疗不能显著影响ER、PR、HER-2的表达水平。     

新辅助化疗对乳腺癌ki67、TopoⅡα表达的影响及其临床意义

【目的】评价新辅助化疗对乳腺癌患者Ki-67、TopoⅡα表达的影响及其临床预测价值。【方法】选择2009年3月至2012年3月乳腺外科收治的乳腺癌患者45例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测新辅助化疗前后Ki-67、TopoⅡα的表达,并通过彩色超声测定乳腺癌原发灶体积。依据世界卫生组织（WTO）肿瘤缓解标准进行临床疗效评价。【结果145例患者,新辅助化疗总有效率为73．33％。化疗前后Ki67（71．1%vs48．9％）和TopoⅡα（57．8％vs33．3％）阳性率比较,其差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。【结论】新辅助化疗对乳腺癌患者临床疗效显著;并对肿瘤组织中的Ki67、TopoⅡα表达起下调作用。Ki67、TopoⅡα阳性的患者对新辅助化疗的敏感性更高。     

缺氧诱导因子HIF-1α、3α在血管瘤不同时期的表达和意义

目的 探讨缺氧在血管瘤不同时期的表达和作用.方法 采用免疫组化SP法测定24例增生期血管瘤和18例消退期血管瘤中缺氧染色阳性率,HIF-1α、HIF-3α、VEGF、Ki-67和细胞凋亡表达情况.结果 24例增生期血管瘤中缺氧染色阳性率为80%(19/24),HIF-1α阳性指数为(23.40±4.73)、HIF-3α为(7.90±2.15)、VEGF为(16.90±3.34)、Ki-67为(57.60±11.33)、细胞凋亡指数为(4.50±1.51);而消退期血管瘤中缺氧染色阳性率为90%(16/18),HIF-1α为(9.50±2.67)、HIF-3α为(19.80±2.43)、VEGF为(2.70±0.32)、Ki-67为(11.20±2.65)、细胞凋亡指数为(11.40±2.67).不同时期血管瘤表达的HIF-1α、HIF-3α、VEGF、Ki-67、细胞凋亡指数均有显著性差别(P＜0.05).结论 缺氧是血管瘤不同时期的普遍现象,但对增殖期血管瘤的作用是通过HIF-1α促进内皮细胞繁殖,而对消退期血管瘤是通过HIF-3α促进其凋亡.     

Survivin、Ki-67核抗原在宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变中的表达意义

目的探讨生存素（Survivin）、Ki-67核抗原在宫颈癌和宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）中的表达及生物学意义。方法采用免疫组化S-P法,检测26例宫颈癌,78例宫颈上皮内瘤变（CINⅠ28例,CINⅡ23例,CINⅢ27例）及12例正常宫颈组织中Survivin、Ki-67的表达水平。结果 Survivin、Ki-67核抗原在正常宫颈组织、CIN及宫颈癌中的表达依次递增,Ki-67核抗原的表达随Survivin表达增加而上升,统计学上差异有显著意义（P〈0.05）。结论 Survivin、Ki-67核抗原在宫颈癌中的异常表达,可能与宫颈癌发生、发展过程中凋亡抑制和增殖能力增强有关。     

星形细胞瘤中Ki-67,VEGF,bcl-2,cyclin-D1及p16的免疫组化检测

目的 观察正常大脑组织和星形细胞瘤组织（I－Ⅳ）中Ki-67、VEGF、bcl-2,cyclin-D1与p16的表达，探讨其辅助诊断的意义。方法 应用免疫组化检测13例正常脑组织和58例星形细胞瘤组织中Ki-67,VEGF,bcl-2,cyclin-D1和p16的表达。结果经χ^2检验和单因素方差分析。结果 Ki-67和VEGF在正常大脑组织中均不表达，而在所有级别的星形细胞瘤中均表达，差异极显著（P＜0．01。随着星形细胞瘤恶性程度的增高，Ki-67的表达增强，VEGF表达阳性的病例增加；肿瘤组织中微血管的形态亦出现相应的变化，每两组间的差异极显著（P＜0．01）。bcl-2在4个实验组中均表达，各组间表达差异显著（P＜0．01），且随着肿瘤恶性程度的增高表达增强。cyclin-D1的表达阳性率各组间差异不显著（P＞0．05）。正常脑组织中p16有一定的表达，阳性率69．2％；在转化为肿瘤细胞后p16的阳性率反而升高。肿瘤组织中，总的趋势是随着肿瘤恶性程度的增高p16的表达降低。结论 临床病理诊断过程中，Ki-67,bcl-2的免疫组化检测可对星形细胞瘤的分级诊断提供非常有意义的依据。而VEGF的作用需结合微血管形态的变化一起考虑。cyclin-D1和p16的免疫组化检测不够敏感，故辅助诊断意义不大。     

Migraine and genetic and acquired vasculopathies

It is remarkable that migraine is a prominent part of the phenotype of several genetic vasculopathies, including cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy (CADASIL), retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy (RVCL) and hereditary infantile hemiparessis, retinal arteriolar tortuosity and leukoencephalopahty (HIHRATL). The mechanisms by which these genetic vasculopathies give rise to migraine are still unclear. Common genetic susceptibility, increased susceptibility to cortical spreading depression (CSD) and vascular endothelial dysfunction are among the possible explanations. The relation between migraine and acquired vasculopathies such as ischaemic stroke and coronary heart disease has long been established, further supporting a role of the (cerebral) blood vessels in migraine. This review focuses on genetic and acquired vasculopathies associated with migraine. We speculate how genetic and acquired vascular mechanisms might be involved in migraine.     

Fibrinogen and fibrin structure and functions

Fibrinogen molecules are comprised of two sets of disulfide-bridged Aalpha-, Bbeta-, and gamma-chains. Each molecule contains two outer D domains connected to a central E domain by a coiled-coil segment. Fibrin is formed after thrombin cleavage of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) from fibrinogen Aalpha-chains, thus initiating fibrin polymerization. Double-stranded fibrils form through end-to-middle domain (D:E) associations, and concomitant lateral fibril associations and branching create a clot network. Fibrin assembly facilitates intermolecular antiparallel C-terminal alignment of gamma-chain pairs, which are then covalently 'cross-linked' by factor XIII ('plasma protransglutaminase') or XIIIa to form 'gamma-dimers'. In addition to its primary role of providing scaffolding for the intravascular thrombus and also accounting for important clot viscoelastic properties, fibrin(ogen) participates in other biologic functions involving unique binding sites, some of which become exposed as a consequence of fibrin formation. This review provides details about fibrinogen and fibrin structure, and correlates this information with biological functions that include: (i) suppression of plasma factor XIII-mediated cross-linking activity in blood by binding the factor XIII A2B2 complex. (ii) Non-substrate thrombin binding to fibrin, termed antithrombin I (AT-I), which down-regulates thrombin generation in clotting blood. (iii) Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)-stimulated plasminogen activation by fibrin that results from formation of a ternary tPA-plasminogen-fibrin complex. Binding of inhibitors such as alpha2-antiplasmin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-2, lipoprotein(a), or histidine-rich glycoprotein, impairs plasminogen activation. (iv) Enhanced interactions with the extracellular matrix by binding of fibronectin to fibrin(ogen). (v) Molecular and cellular interactions of fibrin beta15-42. This sequence binds to heparin and mediates platelet and endothelial cell spreading, fibroblast proliferation, and capillary tube formation. Interactions between beta15-42 and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, an endothelial cell receptor, also promote capillary tube formation and angiogenesis. These activities are enhanced by binding of growth factors like fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1. (vi) Fibrinogen binding to the platelet alpha(IIb)beta3 receptor, which is important for incorporating platelets into a developing thrombus. (vii) Leukocyte binding to fibrin(ogen) via integrin alpha(M)beta2 (Mac-1), which is a high affinity receptor on stimulated monocytes and neutrophils.     

Telemedicine and teleradiology technologies and applications

Summary. Telemedicine and teleradiology hold the key for improving future health care delivery. In this paper we first review current communication and computer technologies used in telemedicine and teleradiology. Five examples in teleradiology applications are given including hospital-integrated picture archiving and communication systems, tele-neuro-imaging, telemammography, university consortium teleradiology service, and teleradiology for second opinion. Parameters important to teleradiology applications like costs, image quality, system reliability, and turn around time are considered. Data security is discussed, including patient confidentiality and image authenticity-which will be a major issue in future teleradiology applications.     

创伤高血糖与感染和MODS早期诊断和干预

本文详细介绍了创伤后血糖应激适度理论,以及高血糖与感染和多器官功能不全综合征的关系;提出涉及胰岛B细胞功能不全的MODS实验诊断新方案和极化液个体化干预新措施,可早期发现创伤MODS、降低感染率及MODS发生率和病死率。     

腹膜后纤维化与肾积水发生关系的临床研究

目的：探讨腹膜后纤维化（RPF）导致肾积水的原因及诊治经验。方法：回顾分析2004年1月—2010年12月24例腹膜后纤维化致肾积水患者的诊治资料。结果：（1）RPF患者常见首发症状为腰背痛或腹痛（69.2%）;（2）红细胞沉降率（ESR）增快和血清IgG4升高最常见。超声检查仅提示上尿路积水。RPF的静脉肾盂造影（IVP）和CT尿路成像（CTU）表现具有特征性。IVP肾盂输尿管显影不良时,CTU能较清晰的显示上尿路影像。CT扫描发现腹膜后软组织肿块9例（37.5%）,优于超声检查;（3）输尿管松解和腹腔化手术治疗22例;行肾切除术1例;行输尿管置双J管术1例。最终确诊为继发性RPF8例,其中4例为术前诊断,3例为术中腹膜后软组织肿块冷冻活检证实,1例为术后病理证实;（4）特发性RPF手术后肾积水均获长期缓解,而继发性RPF的预后取决于原发疾病及其治疗方案。结论：影像学检查是诊断RPF的重要手段,CTU优于超声检查和IVP。输尿管松解和腹腔化手术可以使特发性RPF输尿管梗阻得到长期的缓解,术中对肿块进行冷冻活检有助于鉴别特发性和继发性RPF,及时调整治疗方案。     

探讨儿童慢性顽固性咳嗽与支原体感染的关系及临床治疗观察

目的探讨儿童慢性顽固性咳嗽与肺炎支原体（MP）感染的关系及临床疗效观察。方法采用回顾性研究方法对于现将2005年3月至2008年3月在我院的55例确诊慢性顽固性咳嗽患儿,主要表现为肺炎支原体感染为临床特点进行分析,并进一步临床治疗研究。结果①临床特点：在55例确诊慢性咳嗽的患儿中,以慢性顽固性咳嗽为主要症状。58％（32／55）的病例无肺部体征;②外周血：85％（47／55）的病例外周血变化不大,WBC（4—10）×10 9／L之间,嗜酸性粒细胞增多;③特别检查：47．27％（26／55）肺炎支原体IgM（MP—IgM）抗体阳性,83．64％（46／55）PeR技术检测肺炎支原体特异性DNA;④X光报告为多种形式。结论肺炎支原体（MP）感染是引起儿童慢性顽固性咳嗽的病因之一,对儿童慢性咳嗽,特别是顽固性咳嗽的诊治中应更加重视。     

Acetaminophen and acetylcysteine dose and duration: Past,present and future

Abstract

Acetylcysteine has been utilized successfully in the treatment of acetaminophen overdose since the 1970s. Although prospective trials as to efficacy and safety of acetylcysteine were conducted, there were no randomized controlled trials. This commentary addresses the reasons for this, and the background to choice of dose of acetylcysteine utilized in the oral and IV dosing regimens. Nomograms to predict possible hepatotoxicity based upon time of ingestion of acetaminophen were developed from a relatively arbitrary definition of toxicity as an aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (ALT/AST) greater than 1000 IU/L. While these have proved generally useful, patients still continue to develop hepatic damage after acetaminophen overdose, particularly if they present late after ingestion. The optimum management of these patients remains unclear, and one area of uncertainty is the dose and duration of acetylcysteine in various circumstances. This article discusses the issues that need to be elucidated to better target changes in acetylcysteine dose. The potential for measurements of other markers to improve treatment selection is the subject of further research.     

Physician and Nurse Practitioner Teamwork and Job Satisfaction: Gender and Profession

Designing interprofessional primary care teams composed of physicians and nurse practitioners (NPs) is a national priority. We assessed how profession and gender affect teamwork and job satisfaction among primary care physicians and NPs by using survey data from 186 physicians and 398 NPs practicing in New York State. Our regression models show profession (NP vs physician) moderates the associations of gender with teamwork and job satisfaction. Among NPs, men had higher job satisfaction than women. Among physicians, women had higher job satisfaction than men. Our results can benefit interprofessional primary care teams to optimize their professional and gender mix.