急性颅脑损伤脑微血管形态学改变的实验研究

目的：探讨急性颅脑损伤脑微血管形态学改变。方法：制作大鼠液压冲击脑损伤模型，脑微血管墨汁灌注，制作切透明标本，利用Mins-2000图像分析系统测定微血管直径和面积密度，制备扫描电镜脑组织标本，观察微血管形态学的改变。结果：扫描电镜观察有小血管破裂红细胞漏出，部分血管扭血，有些区域出现无血管区。受伤48h和72h，微血管内 有微形成，周围组织间隙增宽。部分血管分析示脑外伤3h微血管的直径和血管面积密度均较对照组降低（P＜0．01），受伤12h后，微血管直径均较对照组增加（P＜0．01），胆血管面积仍较正常低（P＜0．05）。结论：脑微循环功能失调可能是导致脑外伤后继发性脑血缺氧的重要原因。     

颅脑火器伤脑微血管铸型的方法

应用血管铸型的方法，成功地制作出实验性颅脑火器伤猫的脑微血管铸型标本，为研究颅脑火器伤脑微血管的三维构筑提供了有效的方法     

赛庚啶对大鼠脑损伤脑皮质和脑微血管中5—HT含量的影响

采用高效液相色谱－电化学检测器检测大鼠（１８０只）脑损伤后脑皮质及脑微血管中５－ＨＴ含量变化，并选用５－ＨＴ受体阻断剂赛庚啶治疗，观察其对脑损伤后脑皮质及脑微血管５－ＨＴ水平变化的影响。结果表明：脑损伤后５－ＨＴ水平显著升高，神经细胞和脑微血管内皮病理变化与５－ＨＴ代谢改变有密切关系，赛庚啶可显著降低脑皮质及脑微血管中５－ＨＴ含量，并减轻脑继发性损害。     

Wistar大鼠口腔颌面部微血管铸型制作

目的　通过Wistar大鼠头面部微血管铸型标本制作与扫描电镜观察,旨在建立毛细血管真实的三维空间显示方法,以便于毛细血管三维数字化重建。 方法　8周龄Wistar大鼠从腹腔以下断除,从主动脉插管冲洗后,灌注树脂材料。恒温水浴箱放置24 h后,解剖大鼠头颈部,形成皮肤标本、舌标本、下颌骨标本、上颌骨标本。将标本腐蚀、冲洗、干燥。用离子镀膜机进行喷镀金,在扫描电镜下观察血管铸型的解剖形态、走形、以及毗邻结构。 结果　成功制备了Wistar大鼠的皮肤标本、舌标本、下颌骨标本、上颌骨标本的毛细血管铸型,清晰显示局部毛细血管的形态与走形结构,扫描电镜下可显示微观毛细血管三维空间结构。 结论　建立了Wistar大鼠头面部的毛细血管铸型方法,为研究微血管的形态学三维重建提供了方法,也为毛细血管的3D打印奠定了基础。     

急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺外分泌部微血管电镜观察

目的：了解急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺微血管的形态变化。方法：应用微血管铸型扫描电镜观察，研究雨蛙素诱发的大鼠急性水肿性胰腺微血管构筑。结果：急性胰腺炎对胰腺毛细血管间的吻合明显减少，缺乏交通，许多毛细血管呈不连贯的盲端；行细血管粗细不等，形态不规则；毛细血管表面被覆有铸型剂外渗形成的泡状物，胰腺内可见树脂聚集。结论：急性胰腺炎早期即存在胰腺局部微血管系统紊乱，并可能与胰腺微循环障碍有关。     

急性局灶性脑挫裂伤对大鼠脑微循环影响的研究

目的探讨脑损伤后脑微循环障碍变化规律,为临床改善脑损伤后脑微循环障碍、治疗脑缺血、促进神经功能恢复提供理论依据。方法采用Feeney’s自由落体撞击法建立急性局灶性脑挫裂伤模型。每组6只行内源性过氧化物酶(EGPOX)组织化学染色、脑含水量测定,并进行图象分析。每组3只电镜观察微血管内皮细胞超微结构改变。结果①脑损伤后30min伤区可见出血灶,伤区内无血管染色,伤区周围存在“微无血管区”。“微无血管区”的存在持续至伤后72h。②脑损伤后30min微血管面密度明显下降,伤后48h达到高峰,直到伤后168h才有所恢复,但仍未达到正常水平。③脑损伤后30min微血管平均光密度明显下降,伤后24、48h回升,72h再次下降,至168h仍未恢复正常。④脑损伤后30min,微血管内皮细胞有轻度受损迹象,伤后2h毛细血管腔内有微绒毛形成,伤后6h微绒毛增多。伤后12~72h毛细血管腔明显狭窄。结论EGPOX组织化学染色方法能准确反应脑损伤后脑微循环的改变,脑损伤后即发生脑缺血改变,而脑缺血的发生源于脑损伤后脑微血管结构的破坏和微循环灌注不足。     

Wistar大鼠舌部毛细血管铸型结构

目的:通过Wistar大鼠舌部毛细血管铸型扫描电镜观察,旨在观察其毛细血管床的三维空间结构,为中医舌诊中微循环生理与病理形态学研究奠定基础。方法:8周龄Wistar大鼠从腹部以下断除,从主动脉插管冲洗后,灌注树脂材料。恒温水浴箱放置24 h后,解剖大鼠头颈部,制作舌标本。舌部标本腐蚀、冲洗、干燥。Wistar大鼠舌标本进行喷金处理,扫描电镜从30倍到4 500倍下观察舌部毛细血管标本各个解剖结构。结果:Wistar大鼠舌标本的毛细血管铸型的血管无杂物附着,清晰显示局部毛细血管的形态与走行结构,扫描电镜下可显示微观毛细血管三维空间结构,大量舌乳头结构的空间形态特点。结论:建立了Wistar大鼠舌部的毛细血管铸型方法,为研究舌部微血管的形态学三维观察和重建提供了方法,也为中医的舌诊研究提供了形态学基础。     

癫痫大鼠海马微血管的扫描电镜观察

应用血管铸型扫描电镜法，对听源性癫痫大鼠海马的微血管进行了观察。结果：癫痫大鼠海马的微血管走行与正常大鼠相似，但其微血管形态与正常大鼠相比有明显差异。癫痫大鼠海马微动脉的内皮细胞核压迹分布无一定规律，微动脉内表面凹凸不平。癫痫大鼠海马的小管微动脉环平行平滑压肌压迹急剧增多。     

CCR2在大鼠闭合性颅脑损伤中的表达及意义

目的 复制Marmarou's大鼠闭合性颅脑损伤模型,采用组织芯片技术结合免疫组化染色,研究闭合性颅脑损伤后CC亚族趋化因子受体2(Chemokines receptors,CCR2)在脑组织中的表达部位和时序特点,为闭合性颅脑损伤的干预治疗提供理论和实验依据.方法 将雄性SD大鼠分为正常对照组、手术对照组和损伤后1h组、2h组、4h组、8h组、12h组、24h组、48h组、72h组和5d组,苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)和掊花青(Einarson)尼氏体染色法观察脑损伤病理改变.制作组织芯片,利用免疫组化检测大脑皮质、海马和脑干部位的神经细胞CCR2的表达.结果 CCR2在闭合性颅脑创伤早期即有明显表达,损伤组皮质、海马、脑干部位的CCR2免疫反应阳性细胞计数于损伤后4h表达开始增多,至24h达峰值,维持较高水平到72h,于损伤后5d基本回落至正常.结论 CCR2在闭合性颅脑创伤早期的动态表达,提示其在脑损伤病理生理进程中起着重要的调控作用.     

急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺外分泌部微血管扫描电镜观察

目的了解急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺微血管的形态变化。方法应用微血管铸型扫描电镜观察，研究雨蛙素诱发的大鼠急性水肿性胰腺炎胰腺微血管构筑。结果急性胰腺炎时胰腺毛细血管间的吻合明显减少，缺乏交通，许多毛细血管呈不连贯的盲端；毛细血管粗细不等，形态不规则；毛细血管表面被覆有铸型剂外渗形成的泡状物，胰腺组织内可见树脂聚集。结论急性胰腺炎早期即存在胰腺局部微血管系统的紊乱，并可能与胰腺微循环障碍有关。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995