儿童慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的药物治疗与手术治疗临床疗效观察

目的:探讨药物和手术治疗儿童慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(CRS)的临床疗效。方法:72例诊断为CRS的儿童随机分为药物治疗组(35例)和手术治疗组(37例),药物治疗采用糠酸莫米松喷鼻、碱性盐水鼻腔冲洗加用低剂量克拉霉素,疗程为12周。手术治疗分别采用:①腺样体切除(19例);②扁桃体加腺样体切除(10例);③内镜鼻窦手术(8例)。采用:①VAS评估其症状;②鼻内镜观察评估鼻腔,时间窗分别安排在治疗前和治疗后1、3、6、12个月;③CT评估,时间窗分别安排在治疗前和治疗后12个月。结果:2组患儿经过1个月治疗后,其症状VAS总分和鼻内镜评分均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),但2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);经过治疗3、6个月,2组症状VAS总分和鼻内镜评分均较治疗前和治疗1个月明显下降(P<0.01),2组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗后12个月,2组症状VAS总分、鼻内镜评分均较治疗前和治疗1、3、6个月明显下降(P<0.01),CT评分也较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),2组间疗效差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);将手术治疗组中不同术式比较,结果显示术后1个月VAS总分和鼻内镜评分差异有统计学意义...     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉内镜鼻窦手术前后症状与生存质量的评估

目的探讨内镜鼻窦手术治疗对慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者症状与生存质量（quality of life，QOL）的有效作用及其转变规律。方法通过视觉模拟量表（visual analog scale，VAS）、医学结局研究简表36项健康调查（medical outcome study short-form 36-items health survey，MOS SF-36，简称SF-36）和鼻腔鼻窦结局测量20条（sino-nasal outcome test-20，SNOT-20）等症状与QOL量表，对120例慢性鼻．鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者术前、术后3个月和术后6个月进行前瞻性随访调查与评估，并与200名健康体检者的QOL状况进行对比。结果经内镜鼻窦手术治疗，患者术后3个月VAS量表的单个症状总分与总体症状、SF-36量表的生理角色与总体健康等部分维度以及SNOT-20量表的20个条目总分与5大条目总分等指标均开始出现明显好转（P〈0．05），术后3～6个月上述指标则无显著提高（P〉0．05），术后6个月症状与QOL状态较术前均全面改善。SF-36量表显示慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者与健康体检者差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），但VAS量表提示患者嗅觉减退和异常鼻漏等症状依然存在。SNOT-20量表提示慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者睡眠障碍和异常鼻漏等重要问题仍未解决，与健康体检者相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者内镜鼻窦手术治疗后6个月症状总体上得到解决，生存质量基本恢复常态，但嗅觉减退、异常鼻漏和睡眠障碍等重要问题仍明显存在，有待进一步解决。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎主观调查量表与CT评估相关性分析

目的 研究慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(chronic rhinosinusitis,CRS)主观调查量表与CT评估之间的相关性.方法 收集121例CRS患者的鼻腔鼻窦结局测量20条(sino-nasal outcome test-20,SNOT-20)、医学结局研究简表36项(medical outcome study short-form 36 items,SF-36)、视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)以及Lund-Mackay CT评分数据.在总体未分组情况下,分别进行主观量表之间、Lund-Mackey CT评分与主观量表之间的相关性分析.再按照CRS伴或不伴鼻息肉、性别、病史、文化程度等因素分组后进行主观量表之间、Lund-Mackey CT评分与主观量表之间的相关性分析和组间比较.结果 在总体未分组情况下,SNOT-20与SF-36呈负相关(r=-0.561,P＜0.01),SNOT-20与VAS呈正相关(r=0.743,P＜0.01),SF-36与VAS呈负相关(r=-0.504,P＜0.01),而Lund-Mackey CT评分与主观量表之间在统计学上无相关性(P＞0.05).在分组情况下,仅有CRS伴鼻息肉组的主客观评估之间存在相关性:Lund-Mackey CT评分与SNOT-20呈正相关(r、0.318,P=0.005);Lund-Mackey CT评分与SF-36呈负相关(r=-0.358,P=0.002);Lund-Mackey CT评分与VAS评分呈正相关(r=0.358,P=0.002).Lund-Mackay CT评分、SNOT-20以及VAS评分在CRS伴和不伴鼻息肉两组患者间差异有统计学意义(t值分别为3.249、-2.409、-2.957,P值均＜0.05).结论 CRS患者以其自测为基础的主观调查量表之间有着较好的相关性,而Lund-Mackey CT评分与主观量表之间仅在CRS伴鼻息肉组有相关性,且相关系数较弱.CRS患者是否伴鼻息肉与生活质量的高低并无必然联系.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the relationship between the patient-based questionnaires and the computed tomography (CT) staging in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methods Quantitative data of 121 preoperative recruits with CRS were collected by using the Lund-Mackay CT staging system, a visual analogue scale ( VAS), sino-nasal outcome test-20 ( SNOT-20), and the medical outcome study short-form 36 items (SF-36). The patients were classified into several subgroups according to whether CRS was associated with nasal polyps (NP) or not, sex, duration of disease, and educational background.Correlation between the patient-based questionnaires and the CT staging were analyzed in the total cohort patients and subgroups. Results In the total cohort patients, there were significant correlations between SNOT-20 and SF-36 ( r = -0. 561, P ＜ 0. 01 ), SNOT-20 and VAS ( r = 0. 743, P ＜ 0. 0l ), and SF-36 and VAS ( r = - 0. 504, P ＜ 0. 01 ), however, the CT staging did not correlate with the patient-based questionnaires (P ＞ 0. 05 ). Significant but weak correlations were found between the CT staging and the patient-based questionnaires in the C RS with NP subgroup (CT vs SNOT-20, r = 0. 318, P = 0. 005; CT vs SF-36, r = - 0. 358, P = 0. 002; CT vs VAS, r = 0. 358, P = 0. 002). Compared between CRS with NP and without NP subgroup, there were statistic differences on the Lund-Mackay CT stage and the SNOT-20 and VAS scores (t value was 3.249, -2.409, -2.957, respectively, all P＜0.05). Conclusions The patient-based questionnaires correlate well with each other, but CT staging correlated significantly but weakly with the patient-based questionnaires only in the CRS with NP subgroup. Nasal polyps do not appear to be responsible for the adverse effects of CRS on quality of life.     

Clinical outcomes of chronic rhinosinusitis in response to medical therapy: results of a prospective study

BACKGROUND: Little information exists regarding the outcome of medical management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in adults. The aim of this study was to examine whether baseline patient demographics, symptoms, objective findings, or treatment strategies were associated with improved CRS outcomes over time. METHODS: Eighty-four new patients with CRS were evaluated and medically treated for up to 12 months. Patients completed monthly health status questionnaires. The average change of symptom scores using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test plus one additional symptom--sense of smell (SNOT-20+1)-was the primary outcome measure. RESULTS: Overall, patients experienced a modest improvement in SNOT-20+1 scores (delta = -0.61; p< 0.0001), but this did not reach the predetermined level of a clinically meaningful effect (delta = -0.80). Baseline facial pain or facial pressure was negatively associated with outcome (p = 0.048 and 0.029, respectively) and did not correlate with extent of disease by sinus CT scoring. Other factors, including nasal discharge, hyposmia, cough, nasal polyps, and sinus CT severity, did not predict outcomes. The use of either oral antibiotics or oral steroids was associated with trends toward improved outcomes only when sinus-specific symptoms alone were considered. CONCLUSION: The majority of CRS patients receiving medical treatment show modest improvement over time in SNOT-20+1 scores. Facial pain or facial pressure at entry are negatively associated with outcomes and may reflect causes other than CRS. These findings highlight the limitations of current medical treatment for CRS and the need for novel treatment strategies.     

内镜鼻窦手术治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎临床结局的主客观评估

目的评估内镜鼻窦手术治疗慢性鼻．鼻窦炎的主客观临床结局并构建临床实用性的主客观结局评估体系。方法通过前瞻性队列研究，对120例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者术前和术后12个月的临床结局进行视觉模拟量表（visual analog scale，VAS）、医学结局研究简表36项（medical outcome study short-form 36-items，SF-36）和鼻腔鼻窦结局测试20条（sino-nasal outcome test-20，SNOT-20）等症状与生存质量的主观评估，以及内镜下黏膜形态、纤毛功能与组织病理学等客观评估。数据统计采用t检验、Х^2检验和Spearman相关分析处理手术前后主客观结局的变化及其相互关系。结果①术后12个月，VAS、SF-36和SNOT-20整体评分较术前明显改善（P〈0．01），其中85．96％、77．19％和83．33％的个体三项主观指标评分分别较术前改善，同时改善的比例为72．28％；手术前后各个时期，三种主观指标评分均具相关性（P值均〈0．01），其中SNOT-20兼性作用最大。②术后12个月，内镜下黏膜形态、纤毛功能和组织病理学整体评分较术前明显改善（P值均〈0．05），其中86．84％、86．81％和75．57％的个体三种客观指标评分分别较术前改善，同时改善的比例为71．85％；手术前后各个时期，三种客观指标评分均具相关性（P值均〈0．05），其中内镜下黏膜形态兼性作用最大。③SNOT-20与内镜下黏膜形态同时评估显示：术后12个月74．56％的患者主客观评分升降结局一致，而25．44％的患者主客观结局不一致，其中伴发鼻息肉患者更容易出现这种差异性（P〈0．05）。④手术前后不同时期，SNOT-20与内镜下黏膜形态评分均无相关性（P〉0．05），但前10位条目总分与内镜下黏膜形态评分具有相关性（0．18≤r≤0．42，P〈0．05），而后10位条目总分与之不相关（P〉0．05）。结论①内镜鼻窦手术可有效改善慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者术后的症状、生存质量、内镜下黏膜形态、纤毛功能及组织状态等临床结局；②构建以SNOT-20和内镜下黏膜形态评估为主体的主客观结局评估体系，简约可靠，合理有效，具有临床实用性。     

Health-Related Quality of Life in rhino surgery

BACKGROUND: Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) measures the impact of a pathologic condition on patient's daily life. Besides from disease-related symptoms, it includes a wide spectrum of daily life activities such as physical and social activities, emotional problems, general feeling, and so on. HRQL of patients with nasal diseases is known to correlate only moderately to conventional clinical markers. HRQL data about patients undergoing rhino surgery are not available to date. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to study HRQL in patients undergoing nasal surgery and to measure therapeutic effects 3 months postoperatively. METHODS: We used a specific health profile HRQL questionnaire with 25 items summarized in 6 symptom groups: sleep; nonnasal, nasal, and emotional symptoms; headache; and practical problems (symptom score 1 to 4). A visual analog scale (0 to 10) was given to measure the patient's general feeling related to their nasal disease. One hundred eighty-one patients undergoing nasal surgery for various reasons were included preoperatively. One hundred seven of them could be interviewed 3 months postoperatively to study therapeutic effects of our surgical intervention. RESULTS: Patient's pre- and postoperative HRQL status could be determined, and differences in disease-related subgroups could be identified. Comparing pre- and postoperatively gained HRQL data revealed a significant improvement in symptom score of 23 of 25 items and according to the following in all symptom groups: sleep preoperatively 2.46 versus postoperatively 1.98 (P <.01), nonnasal symptoms preoperatively 2.13 versus postoperatively 1.91 (P <.01), headache preoperatively 2.17 versus postoperatively 1.72 (P <.01), practical problems preoperatively 2.47 versus postoperatively 2.06 (P <.01), nasal symptoms preoperatively 2.39 versus postoperatively 1.90 (P <.01), and emotional problems preoperatively 2.01 versus postoperatively 1.81 (P <.01). The general feeling score improved from preoperatively 6.47 to postoperatively 3.95 (P <.01) as well. CONCLUSIONS: We could measure patient's HRQL status pre- and postoperatively, could work out peculiarities of the studied subgroups, and showed therapeutic benefits of our surgical intervention.     

Topical antimicrobials in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis: a systematic review

BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease that can significantly impact health. The mainstay of medical treatment is topical steroids and oral antibiotics, but little is known about the efficacy of topical antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to identify evidence for the use of topical antibiotics in the treatment of CRS and exacerbations of CRS. METHODS: Systematic review of literature with a search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Third Quarter 2007); and Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews (3rd Quarter 2007) databases were performed. The dates of search were from December 1, 1949 to September 30, 2007. RESULTS: Fourteen studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were identified: seven were controlled trials and of these, five were double blinded and randomized. Only one of the randomized studies showed a positive outcome. Overall, there was low-level corroborative evidence for the use of antibacterials. No definite conclusions could be made regarding the use of antifungals. Currently, there is evidence for the use of nasal irrigation or nebulization rather than delivery by nasal spray. For the antibacterial studies, the highest level of evidence currently exists for studies that have used postsurgical patients and culture-directed therapy. Both stable and acute exacerbations of CRS appear to benefit from topical antimicrobials. CONCLUSION: Topical antibiotics appear effective in the management of CRS. Given the combination of low-level evidence (level III, with inherent potential confounders of natural progression of disease and placebo effect) and the level IIb evidence being limited to the cystic fibrosis group of patients, topical antibiotics should not be first-line management but may be attempted in patients refractory to the traditional topical steroids and oral antibiotics. Larger and better-designed randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials are required to more fully evaluate this emerging modality of treatment.     

Abhängigkeit des uni- und bilateralen Riechvermögens von der nasalen Strömung bei Patienten mit chronischer Rhinosinusitis

OBJECTIVE: Olfactory dysfunction is a common finding in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between olfaction and nasal flow as determined by active anterior rhinomanometry (AAR). METHODS: Thirty patients with CRS were included in this series. Patients' histories and subjective assessments of olfaction were documented with questionnaires. Smell tests, assessments of olfaction, AAR, and results of rhinoscopy were recorded, including odor identification, discrimination and thresholds measured with the "Sniffin' Sticks"-test. RESULTS: CRS influenced olfactory performances variably in the different tests: 10% of the patients had pathologic rates of odor discrimination, compared with 34% in odor identification and 73% in thresholds. Statistical analyses (using Spearman's test) indicated a significant correlation between nasal airflow and odor identification screening (r29 = 0.56, P < 0.01) and n-butanol-threshold (r29 = 0.44, P < 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION: Olfactory performance in CRS was correlated to several parameters of nasal airflow measured with AAR. The n-butanol threshold test revealed the most frequent pathological results and may best be used for detecting olfactory disorders. However, because a number of factors may influence olfactory dysfunction in CRS, our findings must be evaluated in a lager series.     

American Rhinologic Society member survey on "maximal medical therapy" for chronic rhinosinusitis

BACKGROUND: "Maximal medical therapy" is the standard of care for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) treatment before the recommendation for surgery. However, this therapy is not consistent. Therefore, as a first step in determining the role of the disparate "maximal medical" treatments for CRS, American Rhinologic Society (ARS) members were surveyed. METHODS: A survey was mailed to all nonresident members of the ARS (n=723). Focusing on the time period before surgical intervention is first considered for CRS patients, the survey assessed types of therapies, frequency of use, details on antibiotic and steroid usage, use of computed tomography (CT), and demographic data of respondents. All responses were anonymous. RESULTS: Three hundred eight surveys were returned (43%). A majority of respondents used oral antibiotics and nasal steroids "almost always (>90%)". Oral antibiotics, oral steroids, nasal steroids, saline irrigation, and allergy testing were most commonly used at least "usually (50-90%)". The median antibiotic length was 3.1-4 weeks. The mean peak prednisone dose was 51.7 mg when oral steroids were used. Therapies that were rarely or never used by the majority included oral antifungals, antifungal spray, antibiotic spray, antibiotic nebulizer, steroid nebulizer, and i.v. antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Oral antibiotics (median, 3.1-4 weeks) and nasal steroids are used >90% of the time by a majority of ARS members for maximal medical treatment of CRS.     

Radiofrequency treatment of turbinate hypertrophy in subjects using continuous positive airway pressure: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical pilot trial.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the treatment effect of temperature-controlled radiofrequency (TCRF) reduction of turbinate hypertrophy in patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and to assess the impact of study design on this estimate. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical pilot trial. METHODS: Twenty-two CPAP-treated patients with SDB with turbinate hypertrophy were randomly assigned to either TCRF turbinate treatment (mean energy 415 +/- 37 J/turbinate; n = 17) or placebo control (n = 5). Changes in nasal obstruction were evaluated between pretreatment and 4 weeks post-treatment. The primary outcome assessed changes in the blinded examiners' findings of nasal obstruction on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes included blinded patients' and unblinded examiner assessments of nasal obstruction (VAS), nightly CPAP use, adherence, and tolerance, along with sleepiness and general health status scales. The treatment group findings were subtracted from the changes in the placebo group to yield treatment effect. RESULTS: The primary outcome treatment effect by VAS was -0.9 cm (95% confidence interval [CI], -2.4, 0.7), and beyond the placebo effect of -1.5 cm (95% CI: -3.4, 0.3). The secondary treatment effect of the unblinded examiner was -3.0 cm (95% CI, -4.9, -1.1). A beneficial treatment effect was also seen on every secondary outcome except general health status, but only self-reported CPAP adherence (P = .03) was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: TCRF turbinate treatment appears to benefit nasal obstruction and CPAP treatment for SDB. Placebo control and double blinding are critical for establishing the true treatment effect. A future definitive trial is feasible to establish statistical significance of these findings.     

Significance of nasal polyps in chronic rhinosinusitis: symptoms and surgical outcomes

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the significance of nasal polyps on the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and their influence on surgical outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data comparing two groups of patients diagnosed with CRS with and without nasal polyps that underwent surgical management with a minimum 1-year follow-up period. Subjective scoring was performed using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20) questionnaire. Computed tomography (CT) scans were compared using the Lund-Mackay scoring system. The two groups were analyzed for the need of revision surgery. RESULTS: Two hundred one patients underwent surgical management of CRS over a 3-year period. One hundred four were male, 97 were female, and the average age was 49 (range 18-80) years. Polyps were present in 78 patients with CRS, whereas 123 patients did not have polyps. The average CT score was 18 for the polyp group and 9.5 for the patients without polyps (P = .0000). Nonpolyp group SNOT-20 scores were 26.5 preoperatively with improvement to 5.1 at 6 months and 5.0 at 12 months postoperatively (85% improvement). Polyp group SNOT-20 preoperative scores averaged 32.2 with improvement to 9.2 at 6 months and 9.1 at 12 months postoperatively (81% improvement, P = .003). Nine patients required revision surgery (4.5%), eight (10%) who had polyps and one (0.8%) who did not (P = .002). CONCLUSION: The presence of nasal polyps has a significant negative impact on patients with CRS. Patients with nasal polyps have more severe symptoms with less improvement after operative intervention, higher CT scores at presentation, and a significantly higher need for revision surgery.     

Evidence-based recommendations for antimicrobial nasal washes in chronic rhinosinusitis

BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) refractory to medical and surgical therapy is a difficult problem for patients and physicians. Topical antimicrobial nasal irrigations are commonly used for treatment with great variation in methodology and without clear scientific support for current treatment formulations. The purpose of this study was to develop a scientific rationale for creating standardized recommendations for clinical practice in the use of topical antimicrobial washes for CRS. METHODS: An extensive review of basic science and clinical literature on the treatment of CRS with topical antimicrobial washes was completed. Pharmacokinetics of and organism susceptibility to appropriate topically applied antimicrobial agents were reviewed. RESULTS: The most common organisms associated with CRS were identified. The relevant pharmacokinetics of drugs targeted at these organisms are presented. Susceptibility breakpoints set by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards are identified to help establish the most effective concentration of the identified drugs. Recommendations for agent selection, agent concentration, length of treatment, dosing schedule, and methods of irrigation are presented. CONCLUSION: Antimicrobial nasal washes provide a potentially effective treatment for the growing population of patients who remain symptomatic after appropriate medical and surgical intervention. This study establishes the basic principles supporting this treatment option and offers rational, evidence-based treatment guidelines. The study has identified additional areas that need to be investigated before prospective clinical trials can be effectively undertaken.     

Acute effects of therapeutic 1-MHz ultrasound on nasal unblocking of subjects with chronic rhinosinusitis

Low-intensity ultrasound therapy (LIUST) has been described as a plausible treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Aims: To evaluate the short-term effects of continuous 1MHz LIUST on nasal obstruction in subjects with CRS.Material and Method: A cohort placebo-controlled study comprising 26 CRS adults (10 men, 16 women), sequentially allocated into two groups: control-placebo (CP, n= 12) and treated with LIUST (US, n= 14). The treatment consisted of: ISATA = continuous 1MHz, 1W.cm-2 for four minutes in the maxillary sinuses and nasal septum. The equipment was switched off in the CP group. The degree of obstruction was assessed by the total volume of secretion expelled (VSEx) after nasal instillation of 5 mL saline solution (NaCl-0.9%) followed by nasal lavage. The volume of expired air (VEA) was assessed with a Glatzel mirror.Results: The data showed an increase (p<0.01) in VSEx and VEA after ultrasound therapy, suggesting a 64% improvement of nasal obstruction compared with the CP group.Conclusions: Continuous LIUST reduced nasal obstruction and congestionç it may be used effectively in the respiratory therapy of CRS patients.     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉内镜鼻窦手术后生存质量的转归及影响因素

目的 探讨慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉内镜鼻窦手术后生存质量(quality of life,QOL)的转归规律及影响因素.方法 以医学结局研究短表36条(medical outcome study short-form 36-items,MOS SF-36)和鼻腔鼻窦结局测试20条(sino-nasal outcome test-20,SNOT-20)量表作为工具,通过前瞻性随机对照设计,对120例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者术前和术后3、6、9和12个月QOL状况连续调查评估,同时与200例健康体检者的状况对照,分析患者QOL的变化规律及影响因素.结果 ①SF-36评估:患者术前6个维度评分均低于健康者(P值均＜0.01),术后6个月评分值及正常评分者构成比恢复正常(P值均＞0.05),并保持;②SNOT-20评估:患者术前20个条目总分和5大条目总分均高于健康者(P值均＜0.01),术后9、12个月两项指标分别恢复正常(P值均＞0.05),术后12个月评分值及正常评分者构成比亦恢复正常(P值均＞0.05);③根据SNOT-20评分转归,求得预测QOL恢复正常的时间进度公式:时间(月)=39-(标准QOL评分/术前QOL评分)×50;④通过Logistic回归分析,农村来源、病程长、病变范围大和伴发息肉是术前QOL评分(SNOT-20评分)高的危险因素(OR值分别为0.19、0.88、0.90和4.02),室内工作环境、手术范围不充分和术前SNOT-20评分高是术后QOL评分改善程度的危险因素(OR值分别为0.29、0.99和1.14).结论 慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者内镜鼻窦手术后需12个月才能全面恢复正常QOL,依此建议术后短期随访时间定为1年.术前QOL状态与城乡来源、病程、病变范围和是否伴发鼻息肉相关,术后QOL改善程度与工作环境、手术范围和术前QOL评分相关.     

儿童慢性鼻窦炎的外科治疗研究进展

近年来,儿童慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)越来越受到耳鼻咽喉科医生的重视。临床上,有一部分儿童CRS患者经过规范的药物治疗(不少于12周)后症状仍难以改善,甚至加重,或是经常复发,导致治疗失败。大量的临床实践表明,儿童鼻窦FESS手术可以取得比较满意的临床疗效,但仍有医师对儿童鼻窦FESS手术治疗存在质疑。鼻窦球囊扩张术治疗慢性鼻窦炎于2005年被引入耳鼻咽喉科。在过去的十几年里,有充分的证据支持它在治疗成人慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)方面的安全性和有效性。鼻窦球囊扩张术手术过程中不去除骨质,保留大部分或全部鼻窦黏膜,以极低的风险恢复鼻窦的通气,这样微创的方式适用于儿童。本文将对儿童慢性鼻窦炎外科治疗的相关研究进展做一综述。     

Do patients with chronic rhinosinusitis benefit from consultation with an ENT-doctor?

Conclusion: By consulting an ENT-doctor, patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), in the general population, receive disease information and adjustment of treatment which can improve disease-specific Quality-of-Life and may improve objective measurements. Objectives: This study aims to follow persons with clinical diagnosed CRS from the general population, to evaluate their benefit from consultation with an ENT-doctor in terms of severity of symptoms and Quality-of-Life. Methods: As part of a trans-European study, selected respondents to a survey questionnaire were invited for a clinical visit. Based on the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps, persons were diagnosed with CRS and followed for 2 years. Quality-of-Life was measured using the Sino Nasal Outcome Test 22 and European Quality-of-Life – 5 Dimensions. Clinical examination included rhinoscopy, acoustic rhinometry, peak nasal inspiratory flow, smell test, and skin prick test. Results: Out of 91 persons with CRS, only 42% had previously consulted an ENT-doctor, and 51% were in current treatment for CRS. Most patients were advised medical treatment and 20% underwent surgery. Disease-specific Quality-of-Life, peak nasal inspiratory flow, olfactory function, and the nasal volume significantly increased over the 2-year period.     

Objective and subjective evaluation of endoscopic nasal surgery outcomes

BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) symptoms include nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, and facial pain associated with rhinosinusitis disability. When resistance to medical treatment is associated with endonasal anomalies, endoscopic nasal surgery (ENS) can be proposed. However, objective and subjective assessment criteria regarding the evaluation of ENS outcomes remain unclear. The aims of this study were to evaluate the correlation between the inflammation in the nasal mucosa, objective recordings of nasal airway resistance (NAR), subjective evaluation of symptom intensity, and the impact of ENS on patient-perceived rhinosinusitis disability. METHODS: Sixty-one consecutive patients (35 men and 26 women; mean age, 37.5 years) suffering from CRS were monitored at 4 months and 2 years after ENS. All middle turbinate mucosa were analyzed for the density of nonspecific inflammatory cells. All patients scored their own subjective rhinosinusitis symptoms and complaints of rhinosinusitis disability. An active anterior rhinomanometry was performed. RESULTS: A good correlation was observed between subjective and objective NAR (p < 0.001). We found a significant correlation between the density of inflammatory cells in the nasal mucosa, subjective nasal obstruction, and the rhinosinusitis disability score (p < 0.001). Recurrent CRS was seen only in subjects with moderate to severe inflammation of the middle turbinate mucosa sampled at the first surgical intervention. Subjective rhinosinusitis symptoms, objective NAR, and rhinosinusitis disability improved significantly after ENS. CONCLUSION: The degree of inflammation seems to be a good prognostic indicator regarding CRS recurrence. Long-term outcome after ENS for CRS showed significant improvement in subjective rhinosinusitis-specific symptoms, objective NAR, and rhinosinusitis disability.