大豆肽对大鼠血压及血浆血管紧张素的影响

目的考察大豆肽对大鼠血压的作用及作用机制,为大豆肽的进一步开发应用提供理论依据。方法静脉给予正常大鼠及急性肾性高血压大鼠一定剂量的大豆肽,采用四道生理记录仪记录其收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)的变化,采用DFM-96型10管放射免疫γ计数器,利用放免法检测其血浆中血管紧张素(Ang)Ⅰ、Ⅱ的水平。结果分别静脉给予大豆肽1.25,5.0,12.5mg/kg,使急性肾性高血压大鼠SBP由123.7±15.01mmHg分别降至112.25±10.16、110.88±8.87、100.38±6.99mmHg,(P<0.01)、DBP分别由93.63±12.76mmHg分别降至86.13±9.39、84.62±9.2、78.25±6.71mmHg,(P<0.01)和急性肾性高血压大鼠血浆AngⅡ由704.18±90.5pg/ml分别降至587.1±69.74、380.41±70.96、293.1±80.3pg/ml,(P<0.01)水平明显降低。结论大豆肽具有降低急性肾性高血压大鼠血压的作用,其降压作用是通过降低血浆AngⅡ的水平而实现的。     

激素配合心理健康教育治疗绝经综合征的疗效

目的:探讨激素治疗+心理健康教育治疗绝经综合征的疗效。方法:采用激素治疗+心理健康教育对60例绝经综合征患者进行治疗,对治疗前后的临床症状和激素水平、血脂指标进行对比。结果:显效40例,有效17例,无效3例,总有效率为95%;治疗后,E2水平为(9.8±1.7)pg/ml,较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05),FSH、LH、TC、TG治疗后水平分为(42.1±10.7)U/L,(26.3±13.5)U/L,(4.8±0.9)mmol/L,(1.3±0.3)mmol/L,与治疗前相比明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:激素配合心理健康教育能够改善绝经综合征的临床症状,调解妇女内分泌水平,保护血管,防止骨钙流失,预防骨质疏松,值得临床推广应用。     

围绝经期妇女灼口综合征与雌激素水平的相关性研究

目的:探讨围绝经期妇女灼口综合征与血清雌激素水平的相关性,为防治灼口综合征提供临床依据。方法:选取因口腔不适疑诊为灼口综合征的中老年妇女175例,根据月经情况分为围绝经期组97例,绝经期组78例。所有病例进行问卷调查并行静态唾液流速及血清雌二醇(E2)水平测定,对两组指标变化进行统计分析。结果:两组静态唾液流速与E2水平分别为(0.07±0.14)ml/min,(20.6±7.3)μg/ml和(0.11±2.1)ml/min,(37±10.3)μg/ml,两组间的E2水平和唾液流量率差异显著(P<0.05);围绝经期组唾液流率与E2水平呈正相关性,相关系数为0.621(P<0.05)。在进行激素替代治疗后,其静态唾液流速较用药前有显著提高。结论:围绝经期妇女灼口综征与雌激素水平之间有一定相关性,提示改善雌激素水平是治疗灼口综合征的有效措施。     

浙江省成年居民血压水平区域聚集性和危险因素的多水平模型分析

目的应用多水平模型分析浙江省成年居民血压水平的区域聚集性和危险因素。方法采用多阶段整群随机方法抽取浙江省60个街道／乡镇共17 437名成年人作为研究对象,使用2水平模型分别分析SBP和DBP。结果男性SBP为(125,14±17.90)mmHg、DBP(80.02±10.07)mmHg,女性SBP为(123.36±20.20)mmHg DBP(77.42 4-10.09)mmHg;城市人群SBP为(126.294-19.46)mmHg、DBP(79.64±10.20)mmHg,农村人群SBP为(122.82±18.86)mmHg、DBP(7799±10.08)mmHg,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);SBP和DBP与年龄的Pearson相关系数分别为0.44和0.21(P<0.001);在SBP和DBP的变异中,环境因素分别占5.24%和4.96%;个体水平的年龄、性别、高血压家族史、服用降压药、体育锻炼、吸烟、饮酒、BMl、WC、FPG、TG和TC对SBP和DBP均有影响(P<0.05),家庭经济收入对SBP有影响(Jp<0.05),文化程度、限盐摄人、职业强度只寸DBP有影响(P<0.05);FPG和TC水平与SBP之间的数量关系以及TC水平与DB之间的数量关系在街道／乡镇间存在变化(P<0.05)。结论浙江省成年居民血压分布具有地区聚集件,高血压的预防既需要考虑年龄、BMI、FPG、TG和TC等个体因素,还应考虑地区因素以及不同地区人群对危险因素的敏感性,从而制定针对不同区域的预防策略。     

单核细胞趋化蛋白-1在子宫内膜异位症患者血清及腹腔液中的变化

目的:检测子宫内膜异位症(EM)患者与正常妇女血清及腹腔液中单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)水平的异同,探讨其与子宫内膜异位症发病的关系。方法:子宫内膜异位症患者52名作为研究组,正常妇女45名作为对照组,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附技术(Sandw ichELISA)检测两组妇女血清及腹腔液中MCP-1水平。结果:血清MCP-1水平两组分别为:EM组(207±76)pg/m l,正常妇女组(148±56)pg/m l,两组间比较差别有极显著意义(P<0.01)。腹腔液MCP-1水平两组分别为:EM组(292土98)pg/m l,正常妇女组(164±65)pg/m l,两组间比较差别亦有极显著意义(P<0.01)。相关性分析发现:EM组血清与腹腔液MCP-1呈正相关(r=0.471,P=0.002),正常妇女组血清与腹腔液MCP-1无明显相关性。结论:EM患者血清与腹腔液MCP-1水平均显著升高,MCP-1是EM发生的关键因子之一。     

血清血管内皮生长因子诊断输卵管妊娠的价值

目的　探讨血清血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)早期诊断输卵管妊娠的价值。方法　前瞻性病例对照研究。早孕妇女、先兆流产和输卵管妊娠妇女各 3 0例 ,用 EL ISA法测静脉血 VEGF水平 ,RIA法测静脉血 HCG、P水平 ,分析各指标诊断价值及相关性。结果　输卵管妊娠、先兆流产患者血清 VEGF水平明显高于正常早孕妇女 ,其差异有极显著统计学意义 [分别为 (3 4 7.9± 3 6.9) pg/ml、(3 2 5.6± 2 7.1) pg/ml和 (179.6± 52 .1) pg/ml,P<0 .0 1]。输卵管妊娠与先兆流产患者血清 VEGF水平无显著差异性。以 190 pg/m l为分界点 ,诊断输卵管妊娠的敏感度为 63 .3 % ,特异度为 56.0 % ,阳性预测值为 55.5%。结论　尚不能肯定血清 VEGF作为输卵管妊娠早期诊断的一项辅助指标的价值     

围绝经妇女雌激素与内皮素关系探讨

目的: 研究绝经妇女血清雌激素与内皮素关系, 探讨绝经相关疾病合理的治疗方案。方法: 选择 107例妇女进行研究, 其中绝经组 68例, 对照组 39例, 分别取静脉血测定血清促卵泡素 (FSH)、雌二醇 (E2 )、内皮素 (ET) 水平。结果:绝经妇女内皮素水平 59 5±16 0pg/ml, 明显高于育龄期 47 9±18 8pg/ml, P<0 05, 雌激素水平明显低于对照组。结论: 绝经妇女雌激素与内皮素水平呈负相关。     

尼尔雌醇对老年高血压妇女心血管疾病危险因素的影响

目的 观察尼尔雌醇对老年高血压妇女心血管疾病危险因素的影响。方法 选择41例已接受降压治疗的老年高血压妇女，随机分为尼尔雌醇组(A组)与安慰剂组(B组)，分别予以尼尔雌醇(2mg，每半月1次)或安慰剂(2片，每半月1次)治疗共6个月，采用自动生化分析法、免疫浊度法或酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法(ELISA法)分别于0、6个月末测定患者的血糖、血脂、纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、组织纤溶酶原激活剂(tPA)、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物(PAI-1)、血管性血友病因子(vWF)、可溶性细胞间粘附分子(sICAM-1)及E-选择素(E-selectin)。结果 尼尔雌醇组较安慰剂组总胆固醇(TC)、Fbg、tPA、PAI-1、vWF、sICAM-1、E-selectin均明显降低，差异有统计学意义；甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)降低以及高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)升高，但差异无显著性。结论 尼尔雌醇对老年高血压妇女脂质代谢、内皮功能、纤溶凝血和炎症相关蛋白的表达具有明显改善作用，对血压、血糖无不良影响。     

急性期川崎病与过敏性紫癜患儿血浆趋化因子的比较

目的:探讨川崎病(KD)与过敏性紫癜(HSP)发病机制中炎性细胞的参与是否存在差异。方法:通过采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测确诊的15例急性期KD患儿、12例HSP患儿及10名健康对照组儿童的血浆干扰素诱导蛋白10(IP-10)和单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)水平,判断KD与HSP发病机制中单核细胞参与的情况。结果:KD组IP-10(394.2±176.4)pg/m l和MCP-1(420.5±163.4)pg/m l水平较HSP组IP-10(94.8±66.4)pg/m l和MCP-1(109.2±76.6)pg/m l水平均明显升高,差异性显著(P<0.05);但HSP组与对照组IP-10(76.4±46.5)pg/m l和MCP-1(87.7±47.8)pg/m l水平比较,差异不明显(P>0.05)。结论:单核细胞在KD发病机制中可能发挥着重要的作用;与其相比,在HSP发病机制中可能不涉及单核细胞参与。     

白细胞介素-1β在子宫内膜异位症患者血清及腹腔液中的变化

目的:检测子宫内膜异位症(EM)患者与非子宫内膜异位症患者血清及腹腔液中白细胞介素lβ(IL-lβ)水平,探讨IL-lβ与EM发病的关系。方法:EM患者71名作为研究组,非EM妇女49名作为对照组,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附技术(Sandwich ELISA)检测两组妇女血清及腹腔液中IL-lβ水平。结果:血清IL-lβ水平两组分别为:EM组(87.1±36)pg/ml,对照组(74.9±27)pg/ml,两组间比较差别有极显著意义(P<0.01)。腹腔液IL-lβ水平两组分别为:EM组(162±65)pg/ml,对照组(194.6±41)pg/ml,两组间比较差别亦有极显著意义(P<0.001)。相关性分析发现:EM组血清与腹腔液IL-lβ呈正相关(r=0.382,P=0.004),对照组血清与腹腔液IL-lβ无明显相关性(r=0.105,P=0.311)。结论:EM患者血清与腹腔液IL-lβ水平均显著升高,IL-lβ在EM的发病机制中起重要的作用。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.