6-羟基多巴胺帕金森病大鼠模型的建立与评价

目的 探讨提高6-羟基多巴胺帕金森病大鼠模型成功率的方法 ,并从行为学、黑质多巴胺神经元形态学角度对模型进行评价.方法 取SD大鼠90只,将6-羟基多巴胺立体定向微量注射于左侧黑质区及黑质纹状体通路,观察大鼠的行为及黑质细胞形态学变化.结果 ①90只大鼠中经阿朴吗啡诱导后有64只(占71.1%)恒定转向右侧且结果 稳定,旋转圈数>210r/30min,被认为是成功的帕金森病大鼠模型;②除旋转行为外,部分大鼠还出现震颤、活动迟缓、嗅探、觅食、竖尾等异常表现;③随机选取10只不同时期的成功帕金森病大鼠模型,免疫组化下观察发现注射侧黑质区多巴胺能神经元较对侧明显减少(P＜0.001),电镜观察发现大鼠中脑黑质神经细胞普遍存在变性坏死及不同阶段的凋亡样改变.结论 用6-羟基多巴胺选择性损毁黑质多巴胺能神经元可较快建立稳定的成功率较高的类似于人类中晚期帕金森病行为和病理的大鼠模型,但在病程和行为学等方面同帕金森病人仍有许多差异.     

选择性毁损帕金森病大鼠模型的建立

目的探讨提高 6 -羟基多巴胺 (6 -OHDA)帕金森病 (PD)大鼠模型成功率的方法 ,并对模型进行评价。方法 :取SD大鼠 90只 ,将 6 -OHDA立体定向微量注射于左侧黑质区及黑质纹状体通路 ,观察大鼠行为及黑质细胞形态学变化。结果 :90只大鼠中经阿朴吗啡诱导后有 6 4只 (占 71.1% )恒定转向右侧且结果稳定 ,旋转圈数 >2 10r/ 30min ,被视为成功PD大鼠模型 ;免疫组化观察发现注射侧黑质区多巴能神经元 (NDN)较对侧明显减少 ,电镜观察发现其普遍存在凋亡及坏死样改变。结论 :用 6 -OHDA选择性损毁NDN可较快建立稳定的类似于人类中晚期PD行为病理的大鼠模型 ,但在病理和行为学等方面同自然PD病人仍有较多差异     

应用6-羟多巴胺建立鼠帕金森病动物模型的研究

目的：建立稳定的类似人类帕金森病病理改变的ＰＤ动物模型　。方法：于黑质致密部，黑质旁部及纹状体区等不同部位采用不同剂量神经毒素６－羟多巴胺注射，造成黑质多巴胺神经元不同程度损伤　。运用免疫组织化学方法，对各种不同程度损伤的帕金森病鼠黑质区和纹状体ＴＨ阳性神经元及神经纤维进行计数，并观察其与旋转行为，注射部位及剂量的关系。结果：（１）．　单侧黑质致密部６－羟多巴胺８μｇ注射，可以造成注射侧黑质区ＴＨ神经元９５％以上的缺失。（２）．　单侧黑质旁部６－羟多巴胺８μｇ注射，可以造成注射侧黑质区ＴＨ神经元７０％以上的缺失。（３）．　单侧纹状体区６－羟多巴胺三点注射，可造成注射侧黑质区ＴＨ神经元３０％～４０％的缺失　。结论：　６－羟多巴胺不同部位和不同剂量注射，可以建立模拟临床上不同病程时期ＰＤ动物模型，其症状稳定，为帕金森病的发病机制的研究，药物治疗及各种移植治疗提供了条件。     

纹状体内注射6-羟基多巴胺制作帕金森病大鼠模型

[目的]研究帕金森病(PD)大鼠模型的制作方法.[方法]采用单点双注法将6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)立体定向注入到大鼠右侧纹状体,观察大鼠的行为变化和中脑黑质区的形态学变化.[结果]注药后2周,大鼠经阿扑吗啡诱导出现向健侧旋转行为,在2个月的观察中见旋转行为稳定.形态学观察结果示,损伤侧黑质区致密部和中脑被盖腹侧区内酪氨酸羟化酶阳性神经元数量明显减少.[结论]6-OHDA单针道双点法是制作大鼠PD模型的可行方法.     

培高利特对帕金森病大鼠保护作用的初步研究

目的 初步观察培高利特对大鼠黑质多巴胺神经元的保护作用，并探讨其可能的机制。方法 通过立体定位注射6—羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)制作帕金森病大鼠模型，观察预先注射培高利特对阿朴吗啡诱发的旋转行为及受损侧黑质病理变化的影响。结果 大鼠持续注射培高利特7d后可明显减轻PD大鼠的旋转行为，并对抗6-OHDA所致只质多巴胺神经元的减少。而选择性D2受体桔抗剂氨黄酰基苯甲酰胺化合物(Sulpiride)可阻断培高利特的保护效应。结论 培高利特对多巴胺神经元具有保护作用，其机制可能与刺激多巴胺D2受体有关。     

帕金森病大鼠中脑腹侧被盖区多巴胺能神经元的改北

目的：探讨帕金森病（PD）大鼠中脑腹侧被盖区（VTA）多巴胺（DA）能神经元的改变.方法：20只3月龄Wistar雄性大鼠,随机分为模型组和对照组,每组10只.6-羟基多巴胺（6-OHDA）注射右侧黑质致密区（SNC）制作PD大鼠模型,腹腔注射阿朴吗啡后进行行为学观察;尼氏染色观察左侧中脑VTA神经元、酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）的改变;免疫组织化学ABC法观察其DA能神经元的改变并进行图像分析.结果：阿朴吗啡诱发PD大鼠模型异常旋转行为,尼氏染色见PD大鼠左侧中脑VTA有神经细胞肿胀、坏死等变化;VTA TH阳性神经元形态学改变,数量减少,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义.结论：中脑VTA DA能神经参与PD模型大鼠的改变.     

大鼠帕金森氏病模型的建立

用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大白鼠６４只，经微量注射６－羟多巴胺入右侧黑质区后，观察大鼠的行为和黑质及尾壳核细胞形态学变化。结果如下：①６４只大鼠中，３５只（５４．７％）恒定转向左侧且结果稳定，与帕金森氏病的症状相类似，被视为帕金森氏病旋转鼠模型。②在旋转鼠右侧黑质和尾壳核内，酪氨酸羟化酶样（多巴胺能）神经元和神经纤维末稍明显减少或消失，而左侧黑质和尾壳核内无明显变化。结果提示：６－羟多巴胺能选择性地损毁多巴胺能神经元及纤维末稍，从而建立稳定的帕金森氏病旋转鼠模型。     

6-羟多巴胺脑内注射制备帕金森病大鼠模型的研究

目的　通过向大鼠脑内单侧、双点、间隔注射 6 OHDA ,建立PD动物模型。方法　取SD大鼠 4 0只 ,随机分为实验组 35只和对照组 5只。实验组大鼠右侧黑质致密部和内侧前脑束注射 6 OHDA ,两次注射间隔一周 ,对照组大鼠注射人工脑脊液 ,观察经阿朴吗啡诱导后大鼠的行为及黑质DA神经元形态学变化。结果　①实验组有 2 3只恒定左转鼠且旋转圈数 >2 10r 30min ,被认为是成功的PD模型 ,占 6 7 7% ;有 1只动物死亡 ,占 2 9%。②对PD大鼠模型的免疫组化研究发现 ,注射侧黑质区多巴胺神经元较健侧和对照组显著减少。结论　利用向脑内单侧、双点、间隔注射 6 OHDA制备PD大鼠模型 ,结果稳定可靠 ,动物死亡率低 ,为PD动物模型的建立提供了新方法。     

单点注射6-羟基多巴胺成功建立帕金森病大鼠模型的实验研究

目的 探讨成功建立帕金森病（Parkinson＇s disease,PD）大鼠模型的快速有效方法.方法 将Wistar大鼠92只,随机分为实验组（80只）及对照组（12只）,采用脑立体定向术,实验组在大鼠右侧中脑腹侧被盖区（ventral tegmental area,VTA）注入6-OHDA,经阿朴吗啡（Apomorphine,APO）诱导表现为恒定左侧旋转且旋转圈数﹥210 r/30 min的视为成功PD大鼠模型,对照组则在脑部相应位置注入生理盐水.免疫组化法观察成功模型毁损侧黑质酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）阳性神经元的形态及数量变化.结果 （1）行为学检测：模型组与对照组手术后分别死亡2只及1只,实验组78只大鼠中36只左侧恒定旋转圈数﹥210 r/30 min,造模成功率为46.2%,并且维持时间长.（2）免疫组化：成功大鼠模型毁损侧黑质区TH阳性的神经元较对侧及对照组明显减少（P＆lt;0.01）.结论 大鼠中脑VTA单点注射6-OHDA制作PD大鼠模型,易于定位,操作简单,动物死亡率低,模型成功率较高,成本较低,是较快建立稳定PD大鼠模型的可行方法.     

偏侧帕金森病猴模型的评价

目的通过测定行为、纹状体多巴胺转蛋白、多巴胺及黑质纹状体多巴胺能神经元评价应用ＭＰＴＰ制备的偏侧帕金森病猴模型。方法经右侧颈总动脉注射ＭＰＴＰ制备偏侧帕金森病猴模型,应用９９ｍＴｃ－ＴＲＯＤＡＴ－１ＳＰＥＣＴ显像观察纹状体多巴胺转运蛋白功能;采用微透析结合高效液相一电化学法检测纹状体细胞外液多巴胺（ＤＡ）及其代谢产物（ＤＯＰＡＣ、ＨＶＡ）含量;免疫组化法观察黑质纹状体酪氨酸羟化酶（ＴＨ）阳性神经元及纤维。结果ＭＰＴＰ注射侧多巴胺转运蛋白密度低于未注射侧,左右侧纹状体感兴趣区的比值为１．１０～１．１８。与未注射侧相比,ＭＰＴＰ注射侧纹状体细胞外液ＤＡ、ＤＯＰＡＣ、ＨＶＡ分别降低７０％、３４％和３８％,黑质和纹状体ＴＨ阳性细胞及纤维为对侧的１０％～１５％。结论应用ＭＰＴＰ制备的偏侧帕金森病猴模型与人类早期帕金森病有一定的相似性。微透析和ＳＰＥＣＴ在体检测多巴胺转运蛋白和多巴胺是研究帕金森病的有效手段。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.