大骨节病病区与非病区小麦中无机元素比较分析

目的 :探讨无机元素在大骨节病发病中的可能作用。方法 :对大骨节病病区与非病区小麦中Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ca、Se、As、Pb、Cd等 10种无机元素的含量进行对比分析。Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ca、Mg用等离子发射光谱法 (ICP)测定 ,Se、As、Pb、Cd用原子吸收法测定。结果 :病区小麦与非病区相比 ,人体必需微量元素Zn、Cu、Se明显低于非病区小麦 ,尤其硒的含量特别低 ,而Ca含量偏高。结论 :大骨节病病区主食小麦中Se含量均明显低于非病区 ,而Ca含量均明显偏高 ,进一步验证了大骨节病与硒等无机元素有关 ,与必需微量元素锌和铜的缺乏也可能有一定的关系。     

某蓄电池有限公司周边居民微量元素的检测

目的:了解某蓄电池有限公司周边居民微量元素铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)、镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)、铅(Pb)和镉(Cd)7种元素的变化情况,并与正常对照组进行比较。方法:同时测定1195例居民必需微量元素Cu、Zn、Fe、Mg、Ca和人体有害微量元素Pb、Cd及正常对照组84例7种微量元素的值。结果:居民组与对照组比较,人体必需微量元素Cu、Zn、Fe、Mg、Ca无多大变化(P>0.05),人体有害微量元素Pb、Cd升高(P<0.01)。结论:有害微量元素Pb、Cd的升高与某蓄电池有限公司的含铅、镉粉尘和废气未经收集处理直接外排有关,污染了环境,导致当地居民生活铅、镉接触。     

双份饭法测定重庆某高校大学生钙、铁和锌膳食摄入水平

[目的]了解某高校在校大学生Ca、Fe和Zn3种营养素膳食实际摄入水平。[方法]随机抽取男、女学生各60名,采用双份饭法收集调查对象三餐饭菜,湿法消化,用原子吸收分光光度法测定出膳食中Ca、Fe和Zn3种元素含量。[结果]男生日人均摄入量分别为Ca为166.18mg、Fe为19.28mg、Zn为6.71mg;女生日人均摄入量分别是:Ca为103.11mg、Fe为15.66mg、Zn为4.90mg。[结论]大学生Ca、Zn膳食摄入量大大低于推荐膳食摄入量,Fe的摄入基本达到推荐量,但Ca、Fe和Zn缺乏的风险和缺乏的程度有待进一步评估。     

白族药野坝子的微量元素分析

用原子吸收分光光度法 (AAS)测定白族药野坝子的 Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Ca、Se、Ge、Ni、Co、Cd、Sr、Ba、Li、Mo、Si、Pb、Cr、Al的含量 ,发现野坝子中除含人体必需的多种微量元素外 ,还富含 Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Se,这为进一步研究和综合开发利用这一民族药提供了依据     

柳絮中微量元素的测定分析

用原子吸收分光光度法测定柳絮中的 Fe、Mn、Cd、Zn、Cu、Ca、Ni、Pb等 8种微量元素 ,结果表明 :柳絮中含有丰富的微量元素 ,可作为食物对人体补充微量元素 ,也为柳絮药效的进一步研究和综合开发利用提供了新的科学依据     

常、微量元素与胎儿宫内发育迟缓关系的研究

目的 探讨常、微量元素与胎儿宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)间的关系.方法 孕晚期测定71名孕妇母血、脐血、羊水中微量元素水平,其中IUGR组21例,对照组35例,巨大儿组15例.结果 IUGR组母血清Zn,Se,Mn,Fe,Mg,Cr明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);Cd,Pb,Ni水平明显高于对照组;巨大儿组母血清Fe含量亦明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);三组间Ca,Ti,Co,Li无明显差别.IUGR组脐血清Se,Mn,Cd,Fe,Cu,Mg明显低于对照组;Pb,Ni明显高于对照组;三组间Zn,Ca,Ti,Co,Li无明显差别.IUGR组羊水Zn,Se,Mn,Fe明显低于对照组,三组间Ca,Co无明显差别.结论 常、微量元素与胎儿发育关系密切,Zn,Se,Mn,Fe,Mg,Cu,Cr缺乏可致胎儿宫内发育迟缓,Cd,Pb,Ni升高可致低体重儿.     

食用香菇中微量元素含量分析

用原子吸收分光光度法对香菇中的Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Cd、Pb、Se等 7种微量元素含量进行测定 ,结果表明 :香菇中含有丰富的人体必需的微量元素 ,且Fe、Zn的含量尤为高 ,作为食用蔬菜对人体补充微量元素 ,有较高的利用价值 ,为香菇的进一步研究和合理应用提供新的科学依据。     

饮食治疗苯丙酮尿症患儿全血钙及微量元素水平分析

【目的】　探讨低苯丙氨酸饮食对苯丙酮尿症 ( phenylketonuria ,PKU)患儿血钙 (Ca)及微量元素铁、铜、锌、硒、铬、锰、镉、铅、碘 (Fe、Cu、Zn、Se、Cr、Mn、Cd、Pb、I)的影响。　【方法】　采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪 (ICP MS)对 3 2例PKU患儿全血钙及微量元素进行测定 ,并以 46名正常儿童的全血水平作为正常值对照。　【结果】　PKU患儿全血Ca及微量元素Fe、Zn、Se、Cr、Mn、Pb、I明显低于正常儿童对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血Cu、Cd与对照组相比差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。　【结论】　对低苯丙氨酸 (Phe)饮食治疗的PKU患儿有必要检测血钙和微量元素水平 ,并及时补充以纠正低苯丙氨酸饮食治疗过程中这些元素的摄入不足 ,保证患儿得到全面营养     

十堰地区儿童静脉血微量元素检测结果

目的:了解各年龄段儿童血清中微量元素的含量,为合理补充微量元素、防治Pb、Cd污染提供科学的理论依据。方法:918例0～12岁儿童按发育阶段分为4组,分别为婴儿组、幼儿组、学龄前组、学龄组,取静脉血,采用北京博晖的BH5100型原子吸收光谱仪检测全血Cu、Zn、Ca、Mg和Fe含量,BH2100型原子吸收光谱仪检测Pb和Cd含量。结果:各年龄组间Fe、Cd含量无统计学差异,而不同年龄组间Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Pb含量差异有统计学意义(P0.01),Ca含量随着年龄的增加而降低,而Zn的含量随着年龄的增加而升高。Ca、Cu、Zn缺乏和高Pb率在各年龄组不同,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而Fe、Mg缺乏以及高Cd与年龄没有明显的关系,各年龄组之间无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:十堰市儿童Ca、Zn、Fe缺乏普遍存在,Cu、Mg缺乏少见,存在一定程度的Pb污染,Cd污染程度较轻,需合理补充微量元素,预防Pb污染。     

336例健康儿童全血微量元素含量相关性研究

目的:探讨儿童全血中微量元素含量以及各元素间相互协同或拮抗作用。方法:采用原子吸收光谱仪,测定336名1～3岁儿童全血中的铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)和铁(Fe)含量,并分析各元素间的相互关系。结果:全血微量元素Zn含量较正常值偏低,Pb含量偏高。Ca与Pb、Zn、Cd呈负相关,Fe与Cu、Zn、Ca呈负相关,Pb与Cd呈正相关。结论:儿童期应均衡饮食,合理补充微量元素,以保证儿童健康成长。     

Total-diet study: dietary intakes of macro elements and trace elements in Italy

The present study provides the dietary intakes of macro elements (Ca, Mg, Na, K, P) and trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Se) from the Italian total diet. The contribution of the most representative food groups of the total diet (cereals and cereal products, vegetables, fruit, milk and dairy products, meat and meat products, fish) to the daily intakes of these nutrients was also evaluated. The Italian total diet was formulated following the 'market-basket' approach. Cereals represented the primary sources of Cu (35 %), Fe (30 %) and Mg (27 %). About 89 % of the total daily intake of Fe was derived from plant foods. The vegetables food group was the main source of dietary K (27 %). Most of the Ca (59 %) and P (27 %) was derived from the milk-and-dairy food group. Of the dietary Zn, 41 % was provided by meat, which, together with the fish food group, was the primary source of Se (20 %). The adequacy of the Italian total diet with respect to nutritional elements was assessed by comparing the daily intakes with the average requirement values of the Italian recommended dietary allowances. The present findings indicated that the dietary patterns of the Italian total diet were generally consistent with current Italian dietary recommendations for both macro and trace elements. The major concern was for Ca, for which daily intake was 76 % of the average recommendation for the Italian population. It should not be ruled out that there could be a potential risk of inadequate Fe intake in some segments of the population.     

四川省部分农村老年人群膳食微量元素摄入量与认知能力关系研究

目的 了解农村老年人膳食微量元素与老年人认知功能的关系.方法 于2003至2004年在四川省邛崃县和剑阁县采集当地粮食、蔬菜等食物样品,采用2,3-二氨基萘荧光法测定硒含量,采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱法(ICP-MS)测定钙、铝、镉、铜、铁、铅和锌的含量,对长年生活于当地的1 000名农村老年人进行膳食问卷调查和6项认知能力调查,用认知能力综合评分来反映研究人群认知功能的综合水平,用多元逐步回归分析方法调整调查对象年龄、性别、生活习惯等影响因素后分析每种微量元素与综合认知功能评分间的关系.结果 超过50%的老年人5种人体必需微量元素(硒、钙、铜、铁、锌)每日摄入量低于日推荐摄入量(RNI)或日适宜摄入量(AI);经多元逐步回归分析,综合考虑了年龄、性别、受教育情况等因素后,老年认知能力的下降与每公斤体重铅、镉和铜周摄入量的增加有关.结论 本次调查的四川省部分农村的老年人认知能力下降可能与膳食铅、镉和铜摄入量的增加有关.     

Content of some Trace Elements and Minerals in the Italian Total-diet

In 1995, the second national Italian food consumption survey was completed by the National Institute of Nutrition. On the basis of this household survey the Italian total-diet was formulated following the Market Basket criteria. In this study preliminary data on the daily intake of some trace elements (Zn, Cu) and some minerals (Ca, Mg, Na and K) from the Italian total-diet are reported. Data on the contribution of the main food groups to the total daily intake are also reported. Daily intake was estimated by comparing the trace elements and minerals intakes with the Italian recommended dietary allowances.     

Minerals and trace elements in total diets in The Netherlands

1. During a period of 2.5 years, every 3 months 221 different food items forming a 'market basket' were purchased, prepared and divided into twenty-three food-commodity groups. The 'market basket' was based on a study of the dietary intake of 18-year-old male, Dutch adolescents. In the (homogenized) food groups various minerals and trace elements were determined. 2. The mean daily amounts of cadmium (21 micrograms), mercury (0.7 micrograms), lead (32 micrograms), tin (0.65 mg), arsenic (38 micrograms) and bromine (8 mg) in the diet of adolescents, as calculated from the concentrations analysed in the food groups, were all (well) below the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization acceptable daily intake (ADI) value (Codex Alimentarius Commission, 1984). 3. The mean daily amounts of zinc (14 mg) and selenium (72 micrograms) seemed to be adequate compared with the Dutch recommendations, (Voedingsraad (Dutch Nutrition Council) 1986). The amounts of copper (mean value 1.5 mg/d) and iron (mean value 14 mg/d) in the total diet were marginal. Contents of calcium (1340 mg/d), magnesium (433 mg/d) and iodine (402 micrograms/d) were all well above the Dutch recommendations for male adolescents. Sodium intake, corresponding to 11 g sodium chloride/d, was higher than advised. 4. It is concluded that the amounts of As, Br and toxic heavy metals in Dutch total-diet samples of male adolescents are of little concern as regards health aspects. Among the essential trace elements, Fe and Cu contents seem to be marginal. Some concern regarding the salt content is indicated.     

Contribution of Major Groups of Food Products to the Daily Intake of Selected Elements—Results from Analytical Determinations Supported by Chemometric Analysis

Food is a major source of minerals for humans. The main objective of this study was to determine the intake level of 10 essential macro- (Na, K, Ca, and Mg) and trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cr, and Se) with major food groups among young adults. Dietary intake of elements was evaluated using the 24-h dietary recall technique in combination with F-AAS and ICP-OES methods. A very high intake of sodium and a very low intake of calcium, combined with inappropriate sodium/potassium ratio, may be harmful to the health of the population. Dietary intake of trace elements was within the range of reference values in the subjects, with cereals being the major source of a majority of those elements, while meat (38% for Na), vegetables (25% for K), and milk products (75% for Ca) were the main contributors to the daily dietary intake of macroelements. PCA revealed several visible trends in the datasetAmong men, the intake of Zn, Cr Na and K was significantly correlated with the consumption of meat and vegetables, whereas Mg, Se, Fe and Cu with cereals and water and beverages. Among women, the intake of Mg was significantly correlated with the consumption of meat and vegetables.     

Dietary intake of trace elements in the general population, estimated from a regional nutritional survey, and comparison with recommended dietary allowances and tolerable upper intake levels

OBJECTIVES: Dietary intake by the general population of trace elements related to human health is not well known. Therefore, values for zinc, copper, manganese, chromium, selenium, molybdenum, cobalt and aluminum were estimated from food intake data from the 1993 Tottori Prefecture Nutritional Survey. For each element, consumption by the individual person was compared to the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and the tolerable upper intake level (UL). METHODS: Daily intake of trace elements by individuals was calculated from food intake data of 1993 Tottori Prefecture Nutrition Survey by computer program written by visual C++ using the trace element food table published by Suzuki (1993) and compared with RDA and UL values. RESULTS: 1. The percentage of people whose intake of zinc was lower than the RDA was 72.0%. Those for copper and manganese were 69.8% and 39.2%, respectively. Persons aged over 60 years consumed less of those trace elements. 2. Few people had a chromium intake lower than the RDA. The same was the case for molybdenum and selenium. However, 9.2% of people had on intake of chromium in excess of the UL, and for manganese, molybdenum and selenium the figures were 0.7%, 81.6% and 9.6%, respectively. 3. The major sources of the trace elements were cereals, fish, meats, vegetables and beans. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to investigate the reason for the low intake of zinc, copper and manganese. It is also to be recommended that food tables for trace elements be produced to feel compliance with the RDA and UL for trace elements.     

河北某高校一年级贫困生膳食习惯及营养状况调查

[目的]了解某高校大一贫困学生膳食习惯及营养素摄入状况,以便在给于经济补助的基础上,进行健康教育及膳食习惯干预。[方法]采用称重法（WFR）,连续一周每天对174名学生进行膳食情况调查。[结果]男、女生的谷物摄入量分别占推荐摄入量的138.9%、132.0%,高于平衡膳食的要求;蔬菜摄入量分别占59.7%和49.6%,蛋类摄入量分别占80.0%和59.5%,均低于平衡膳食的要求;水果、鱼虾类、奶类的摄入量不足建议量的50.0%。碳水化合物和能量的摄入明显偏高;除尼克酸和碘之外,各种矿物元素和维生素摄入量均不足。一日三餐的热量分布不合理。[结论]贫困学生食谱单调,膳食结构不合理。     

Breast milk zinc and copper concentrations in Bangladesh

Breast-fed infants in Bangladeshi villages were weighed at 1, 2, 6, 9 and 12 months. The concentrations of zinc and copper in the breast milk were measured and the daily intake of these elements calculated. Breast milk Zn concentration decreased over the year but was comparable with that found in developed countries. The calculated daily intake decreased from 17.7 to 8.0 mumol (10-30% of recommended dietary allowances (RDA); National Academy of Sciences, 1980). Breast milk Cu concentration also fell over the year and was lower than that reported from developed countries. Calculated daily Cu intake was 1.95-2.63 mumol (RDA 7.81-15.63 mumol). Deficiencies of trace elements may therefore be a problem in poorly nourished communities where breast feeding is continued for several years with only small amounts of additional food. Breast milk may not be adequate as the only source of infant nutrition after the first few months of life in Bangladesh.     

Suboptimal Micronutrient Intake among Children in Europe

Adequate dietary intake of micronutrients is not necessarily achieved even in resource-rich areas of the world wherein overeating is a public health concern. In Europe, population-based data suggests substantial variability in micronutrient intake among children. Two independent surveys of micronutrient consumption among European children were evaluated. Stratified by age, the data regarding micronutrient intake were evaluated in the context of daily requirements, which are typically estimated in the absence of reliable absolute values derived from prospective studies. The proportion of children living in Europe whose intake of at least some vitamins and trace elements are at or below the estimated average requirements is substantial. The most common deficiencies across age groups included vitamin D, vitamin E, and iodine. Specific deficiencies were not uniform across countries or by age or gender.  Micronutrient intake appears to be more strongly influenced by factors other than access to food. Substantial portions of European children may be at risk of reversible health risks from inadequate intake of micronutrients. Despite the growing health threat posed by excess intake of calories, adequate exposure to vitamins, trace elements, and other micronutrients may deserve attention in public health initiatives to optimize growth and development in the European pediatric population.     

Plasma zinc and copper concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis: influence of dietary factors and disease activity

Forty patients with rheumatoid arthritis performed a thorough 7-d diet recording. The food diaries were analyzed together with clinical and laboratory data by means of stepwise multiple linear regression to clarify the effects of both diet and the inflammatory disorder on the plasma concentrations of zinc and copper. The patients' daily dietary intakes of zinc and copper (24.3 +/- 7.54 and 3.48 +/- 1.55 mg/MJ) were comparable to the corresponding intakes in the ordinary Finnish diet (24.0 and 3.68 mg/MJ). In multivariate analyses the best predictors of plasma trace elements were the measures of disease activity and not the dietary factors. As an exception to this, there was a strong correlation between plasma copper-copper intake ratio and zinc intake both in univariate (r = -0.638, P less than 0.001) and multivariate analysis. This suggests that zinc depresses copper absorption with intakes in normal, physiological ranges.