2012-2018年乐山市输入性疟疾病例分析

目的　分析乐山市疟疾报告病例的流行特征，为疟疾防治工作提供参考。方法　通过国家传染病报告信息管理系统和寄生虫病防治信息管理系统，收集2012–2018年乐山市疟疾病例信息、流行病学个案信息等相关资料，并进行流行病学描述性分析。结果　2012–2018 年乐山市共报告34 例疟疾病例，均为经省级疟疾诊断参比实验室确诊的输入性病例，其中间日疟14例、恶性疟18 例、三日疟1 例、卵形疟1例。感染来源地主要为非洲地区（占58.82%）和东南亚地区（占29.41%），报告病例较多的月份为1、2、6月和7月，占病例总数的65.63%；男、女性病例分别为33例和1例；职业主要以赴境外劳务的农民、技术工人和经商者居多，年龄在21～59岁。患者从发病到就诊间隔时间最短0 d、最长31 d；初次就诊确诊率为85.29%。结论　乐山市已无本地感染疟疾病例，但存在输入性疟疾病例。应继续加强对境外归国人员的监测管理和健康教育工作，并加强培训、提高专业人员诊治能力，以巩固疟疾防治成果。     

2012-2018年乐山市输入性疟疾病例分析

目的　分析乐山市疟疾报告病例的流行特征,为疟疾防治工作提供参考。方法　通过国家传染病报告信息管理系统和寄生虫病防治信息管理系统,收集2012–2018年乐山市疟疾病例信息、流行病学个案信息等相关资料,并进行流行病学描述性分析。结果　2012–2018 年乐山市共报告34 例疟疾病例,均为经省级疟疾诊断参比实验室确诊的输入性病例,其中间日疟14例、恶性疟18 例、三日疟1 例、卵形疟1例。感染来源地主要为非洲地区（占58.82%）和东南亚地区（占29.41%）,报告病例较多的月份为1、2、6月和7月,占病例总数的65.63%;男、女性病例分别为33例和1例;职业主要以赴境外劳务的农民、技术工人和经商者居多,年龄在21～59岁。患者从发病到就诊间隔时间最短0 d、最长31 d;初次就诊确诊率为85.29%。结论　乐山市已无本地感染疟疾病例,但存在输入性疟疾病例。应继续加强对境外归国人员的监测管理和健康教育工作,并加强培训、提高专业人员诊治能力,以巩固疟疾防治成果。     

2010-2014年常州市疟疾疫情分析

目的 目的 掌握2010-2014年常州市疟疾疫情, 为制订和调整适合该市的疟疾消除策略和措施提供依据。方法 方法 收集2010-2014年常州市网络报告疟疾疫情和专报系统的流行病学调查资料, 对该5年的疟疾疫情及病例诊治情况进行 统计分析。结果 结果 2010-2014年常州市共报告疟疾病例132例, 较2005-2009年的182例下降了27.47%。132例疟疾病 例除2例为本地病例外, 其余130例均为境外输入性病例。132例疟疾病例中, 4例为临床诊断病例, 128例为实验室确诊 病例; 128例确诊病例中, 恶性疟97例、 间日疟14例、 卵形疟13例、 三日疟4例。132例疟疾病例分布于5个市 （区）, 其中 金坛市56例、 溧阳市51例、 天宁区19例、 武进区3例、 新北区3例; 从发病到就诊中位时间为2 d, 从就诊到确诊中位时间 为1 d, 92.42% （122/132） 的确诊单位为县级疾控机构、 县级医疗机构和市级医疗机构。2011-2014年常州市未发现本地 感染疟疾病例。结论 结论 2012-2014年常州市连续3年实现无本地感染疟疾病例, 初步实现消除疟疾目标, 但境外输入性 疟疾病例仍较多, 且感染虫种呈多样性。境外输入性疟疾仍是常州市疟疾防控工作的重点。     

2005-2015年东海县输入性疟疾疫情分析

目的 分析2005-2015年东海县输入性疟疾疫情及流行特征,掌握该县输入性疟疾发病特点及流行规律。方法 收集2005-2015年该县输入性疟疾疫情相关资料,进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2005-2015年东海县共报告输入性疟疾126例,其中恶性疟101例,占80.19%;卵形疟13例,占10.32%;间日疟7例,占5.56%;三日疟4例,占3.17%;混合感染1例,占0.79%。病例分布于14个乡（镇）,主要集中在牛山、驼峰、石榴、黄川等4个乡（镇）,共占病例总数的63.49%。全年均可发病,4月出现发病高峰,与病例归国时间有关。病例均为男性,年龄20～55岁,其中25～50岁占90.70%。结论 近十年来东海县输入性疟疾疫情呈明显上升趋势,在防治上应以劳务输出、出国经商人员较多的牛山、驼峰、石榴、黄川等4个乡（镇）为重点,做好流动人口管理、疫点处置及蚊媒监测,并加大防治宣传力度。     

2010-2014年杭州市萧山区疟疾流行特征分析

目的 分析2010-2014年启动消除疟疾行动以来萧山区疟疾流行特征,评价消除疟疾工作效果,为制定适合本区实际的疟疾防治措施提供依据。 方法 利用中国疾病预防控制中心疾病监测信息报告管理系统以及疟疾疫情个案调查表,收集2010-2014年萧山区疟疾疫情数据资料,用Excel 2003进行统计分析。 结果 2010-2014年萧山区共监测报告疟疾病例25例,年报告发病率在（0.09 ~ 0.38）/10万之间。监测报告病例均为实验室确诊病例,其中间日疟占48.00%（12例）,恶性疟占52.00%（13例）,无死亡病例发生。患者以青壮年为主,主要为境外务工或经商人员;国内省外输入性病例8例,境外输入性病例17例,分别占32.00%和68.00%,无本地感染病例报告。 结论 萧山区疟疾发病率继续保持在较低水平,感染来源已从省外感染和境外感染结合为主转向境外感染。今后需加强境外输入性疟疾疫情的监测和处置。     

2012-2014年四川省疟疾疫情分析

目的 目的 分析2012-2014年四川省疟疾流行特点, 为本省消除疟疾工作提供参考依据。方法 方法 资料来自中国疾 病预防控制中心疾病监测信息报告管理系统, 采用描述性流行病学方法, 分析四川省疟疾病例的流行病学特点。结果 结果 2012-2014年四川省共输入疟疾病例690例, 其中恶性疟376例 （54.49%）、 间日疟290例 （42.03%）、 三日疟4例 （0.58%）、 卵形疟13例 （1.88%）、 混合感染7例 （1.01%）、 死亡5例。境外感染671例, 占全部输入病例的97.25%, 其中非洲输入517 例, 东南亚输入138例。全年均有病例报告, 其中5月和6月共报告病例185例, 占26.81%。病例分布于20个市 （州）, 广 安和成都病例较多, 分别报告137例和105例, 2市病例数占全省病例总数的35.07%。结论 结论 四川省境外输入性疟疾病 例逐年增多, 应全面加强境外输入性疟疾的防控工作。     

Analysis of Malaria Epidemiological Characteristics in the People's Republic of China, 2004–2013

This study aims to explore and characterize the malaria-endemic situation and trends from 2004 to 2013, to provide useful evidence for subsequently more effective strategic planning of malaria elimination in China. A total of 256,179 confirmed malaria cases were recorded in this period, and 86.8% of them were reported during 2004–2008. Between 2004 and 2008, Plasmodium vivax was the major species (72.2%) of malaria parasite. Most cases (67.3%) were found in male, and mainly in the age group of 35–39 years. A total of 236 deaths resulting from malaria were reported and nearly half (45.3%) of them were in Yunnan province. In all, 204,760 local malaria (79.9%) and 51,419 imported malaria (20.1%) were observed during 2004–2013. However, afterward the proportion of imported malaria continuously increased from 2004 (16.2%) to 2013 (97.9%). Moreover, 9,285 imported malaria cases were recorded during 2011–2013 in China, of which 5,976 cases (64.4%) came back from Africa. Overall, China has made achievements in controlling malaria, the locally transmitted malaria significantly declined in the past decades, by which the incidence has achieved historically the lowest levels. On the other hand, imported malaria has increasingly become a severe threat to malaria elimination. Therefore, to prevent the reintroduction of malaria, surveillance systems need to be well planned and managed to ensure timely case detection and prompt response at the elimination stage.     

Incidence of Japanese encephalitis,visceral leishmaniasis and malaria before and after the Wenchuan earthquake,in China

The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of insect-borne diseases from 2005 to 2011, before and after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Longnan City, Gansu Province, China. The data include Japanese encephalitis, Kala-azar and malaria cases from 2005 to 2011 that occurred in Longnan City. We calculated the incidence rates and analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of the diseases before and after the Wenchuan earthquake. During 2005–2011, 212 Japanese encephalitis cases were reported in Longnan City, and the average incidence was 1.11/100,000. Compared with any year from 2005 to 2010 the incidence of Japanese encephalitis in Longnan City in 2011 was not significantly different (P ≥ 0.05). From 2005 to 2011, there were 719 Kala-azar cases in Longnan City, the annual incidence was 3.77/100,000, and the incidence in males was higher than females (P < 0.001). Compared with 2011, there was no significant difference in incidence of Kala-azar in 2009 or 2010 (P ≥ 0.05). There were seven total cases of malaria from 2005 to 2011, and the annual incidence was 0.07/100,000. Wudu District and Wen County were the main endemic areas of insect-borne diseases in Longnan City. The results showed that Japanese encephalitis and Kala-azar were common insect-borne infectious diseases in Longnan City, and that the incidence of insect-borne disease did not increase after the Wenchuan earthquake. It is possible that vector control measures implemented after the earthquake prevented an increase in such diseases.     

Epidemiological status of malaria in Iran,2011-2014

Objective:To determine the status and epidemiological aspects of malaria in Iran in favor of gaining a better understanding of the national control of malaria.Methods:This epidemiological study examined the status of malaria from 2011 to 2014 in Iran.Data were collected from the Ministry of Health's protocol for controlling and eliminating malaria,which is currently in use.This malaria information reporting system is automated in all Iranian provinces and cities,and all information is submitted online to the center for communicable disease control in the Ministry of Health.Information about malaria is available for researchers to evaluate.Results:The incidence rates decreased from 2011 to 2014.There were 4.76,2.12,1.80,and 1.59 per 100 000 people,respectively from 2011 to 2014.During the four-year period(2011-2014),the highest numbers of cases occurred in those aged 16-25 years,by age,and in men,by sex.Most of the cases were workers and located in rural areas.An average 52.58%of cases were Iranian.The highest incidence rates from 2011 to 2014 were located in Sistan and Baluchestan province.There were 89.94,43.9,38.3,and 30.66 per 100 000 people.The highest numbers of malaria cases were recorded in the cities Sarbaz,Nickshahr,and Chabahar in Sistan and Baluchestan province and Bandar Abbas,Bandar Jask,and Bandar Lengeh in Hormozgan province.During the four-year period,57.05%of cases were caused by imported factors.The majority of cases were related to the trophozoite lifecycle of parasites.Regarding surveillance,there was inactive care in the majority of cases.Vivax malaria was the most prevalent.Conclusions:Despite the recendy declining trend in reported cases,the expansion of local transmission,especially in areas with cross-border travel,is very worrying.Improved malaria control interventions can be effective for elimination of malaria in Iran;these can include programs to control border travel and focused interventions for high incidence areas and high-risk groups such as rural residents,men,workers,and people 35 years old.     

Increases in Entamoeba histolytica Antibody–Positive Rates in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected and Noninfected Patients in Japan: A 10-Year Hospital-Based Study of 3,514 Patients

Serological evidence of the epidemiological trends in Entamoeba histolytica infection is scarce, especially in nonendemic countries. We aimed to determine the antibody-positive rates over a 10-year period, and compare the trends between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected and –noninfected patients. We reviewed 3,514 patients who underwent antibody testing during the study periods, which were divided into five annual categories: 2004–2005, 2006–2007, 2008–2009, 2010–2011, and 2012–2013. Anti-E. histolytica antibody was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The antibody-positive rate increased yearly from 2004–2005 to 2012–2013 (P < 0.001), although there was no increase in the annual number of antibody tests. This trend was seen among males (18.6–28.3%; P < 0.01), females (5.4–28.2%; P < 0.01), HIV-infected patients (18.4–26.9%; P < 0.001), and non-HIV-infected patients (14.6–36.8%; P < 0.001), and HIV-infected men who have sex with men (19.4–29.1%; P < 0.001). Among antibody-positive patients, there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients with high (≥ 1,600) titers (0.7–12.9%; P < 0.001), whereas this trend was not seen in patients with low (100) or intermediate (200–800) titers (P = 0.282 and 0.409, respectively). This large hospital-based study demonstrated that positive anti-E. histolytica antibody rates increased over 10 years, even though the annual number of antibody tests remained constant. Moreover, this trend was identified in non-high-risk patients (females and non-HIV-infected patients) as well as in high-risk patients. The proportion of patients with high antibody titers significantly increased among the antibody-positive patients.     

From the Cover: Modeling malaria genomics reveals transmission decline and rebound in Senegal

To study the effects of malaria-control interventions on parasite population genomics, we examined a set of 1,007 samples of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum collected in Thiès, Senegal between 2006 and 2013. The parasite samples were genotyped using a molecular barcode of 24 SNPs. About 35% of the samples grouped into subsets with identical barcodes, varying in size by year and sometimes persisting across years. The barcodes also formed networks of related groups. Analysis of 164 completely sequenced parasites revealed extensive sharing of genomic regions. In at least two cases we found first-generation recombinant offspring of parents whose genomes are similar or identical to genomes also present in the sample. An epidemiological model that tracks parasite genotypes can reproduce the observed pattern of barcode subsets. Quantification of likelihoods in the model strongly suggests a reduction of transmission from 2006–2010 with a significant rebound in 2012–2013. The reduced transmission and rebound were confirmed directly by incidence data from Thiès. These findings imply that intensive intervention to control malaria results in rapid and dramatic changes in parasite population genomics. The results also suggest that genomics combined with epidemiological modeling may afford prompt, continuous, and cost-effective tracking of progress toward malaria elimination.Intensive intervention to reduce the burden of malaria has proven successful in a number of countries in Africa (1). In certain regions of Senegal, implementation of a redesigned National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) in 2006 that included rapid diagnostic tests, artemisinin combination therapies, enhanced insecticide-treated bed nets, and indoor residual spraying resulted in a more than 95% decrease in the number of confirmed cases by 2009 (2). We had been collecting parasite samples in one of these regions annually since 2006. These samples afford a unique opportunity to determine the extent to which intensive intervention is manifested in genetic changes in the parasite population. Genetic changes would be expected to include bottlenecks in the parasite population size, increased random genetic drift, reduced genetic variation, greater self-fertilization during transmission, and increased allele sharing and identity by descent.A key question for tracking malaria elimination is whether such genomic changes would be large enough to be detected in a cost-effective manner in samples of reasonable size. If changes in parasite population genomics took place rapidly enough after intervention, and if they were large enough to be detected, then parasite genomics could play an important role in malaria elimination. Given sufficiently rapid onset and detectability of changes in parasite genomics, an epidemiological model that incorporates parasite genotypes could in principle be used to estimate the epidemiological parameters that most closely match the genomic observations. Estimates of epidemiological parameters such as transmission intensity would aid in understanding the disease situation on the ground, so that the efficacy of intervention strategies could be evaluated in real time and adjustments made as necessary. This approach could prove especially useful in regions of low transmission where classical epidemiological approaches can be applied only with great difficulty and in regions that are not easily or safely accessed by personnel committed to malaria control.In this paper, we show that data from a barcode of 24 SNPs in longitudinal samples from Thiès, Senegal over an 8-y period of moderate numbers of samples (100–200 samples/y) reveals rapid and easily detectable signals of changes in parasite population genomics following enhanced intervention. Moreover, an epidemiological model that incorporates parasite genotypes can reproduce the observed barcode patterns. Estimates of epidemiological parameters in the transmission model using likelihoods strongly suggest a reduction of transmission from 2006–2010 with a significant rebound in 2012–2013. The decrease in transmission of malaria in 2006–2010 after enhanced intervention followed by a rebound in 2012–2013 was confirmed directly by incidence data from Thiès. Our findings suggest that genomics combined with epidemiological modeling may afford rapid, continuous, and cost-effective tracking of progress toward malaria elimination.     

2005-2014年无锡市疟疾疫情分析

目的 分析2005-2014年无锡市疟疾流行情况,为寻求适合本地的疟疾防控措施提供科学依据。方法 收集并分析2005-2014年网络报告的无锡市疟疾疫情数据,建立数据库,并进行统计分析。结果 10年来共报告疟疾病例201例,其中本地病例52例,输入性病例149例。2005-2009年报告病例156例,恶性疟6例;2010-2014年报告病例45例,恶性疟23例;2005-2009年男女性别比2.39 ： 1,民工、农民、工人构成比分别为41.03%、17.95%、9.62%;2010?2014年男女性别比10.25 ： 1,工人、农民、民工构成比分别为37.78%、11.11%、6.67%;每年5-10月为发病高峰;2005-2009年以疾控中心报病为主,2010-2014年以综合性医疗机构报病为主,且恶性疟占所有报告病例的比例有所上升。结论 有效控制输入性疟疾病例是无锡市今后疟疾防治工作的重点;基层医疗机构工作人员疟疾诊治能力有待提高。     

2012年山东省疟疾疫情流行病学特征分析

目的 目的 分析2012年山东省疟疾疫情及流行特征, 为该省消除疟疾提供参考依据。方法 方法 从中国疾病预防控制中 心疾病监测信息报告管理系统收集山东省疟疾个案流行病学调查资料, 采用描述流行病学方法分析2012年山东省疟疾流 行病学特征。结果 结果 2012年山东省共报告疟疾93例, 年发病率0.097/10万, 比2011年下降19.83%。报告的93例疟疾病例 均为输入性病例, 较2011年的97例下降了4.12%; 首年度实现了无本地感染病例。报告病例较多的为济宁、 青岛和威海3 市, 病例数占全省总病例数的62.37% （58/93）。93.55%的疟疾病例为非洲输入性病例, 大部分来自赤道几内亚、 尼日利亚、 安哥拉。首次报告输入性卵形疟3例。结论 结论 2012年山东省无本地疟疾病例报告, 但输入性疟疾防控形势不容乐观。需 继续加强疫情管理, 加强专业人员培训及工作督导, 加强流动人口管理、 宣传和检测, 探索多部门协调机制。     

Epidemiological analysis of 133 malaria cases in Shanxian County,Shandong Province,China

Objective: To conduct an analysis of the epidemiological changes in malaria that have occurred in Shanxian county from 2002 to 2016. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted and data were collected from web-based reporting system to explore the epidemiological characteristics in Shanxian county from 2002 to 2016. All individual case information was obtained from village malaria servicers organized by the local Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases. Results: A total of 133 cases were identified as malaria in Shanxian county during this period, including 124 indigenous cases(93.2%) and 9 imported cases(6.8%). The 124 indigenous malaria cases were infected with Plasmodium vivax(P. vivax), whereas 7 of the 9 confirmed imported cases were infected with Plasmodium falciparum(P. falciparum), 1 was infected with Plasmodium ovale(P. ovale) and 1 patient was infected with P. falciparum mixed with P. vivax. The total number of malaria cases included 86 males(64.7%) and 47 females(35.3%). Age of the patients ranged from 1 to 83 years, although most(64.7%) infections occurred in the 21-to 60-year-old age group. Remarkably, 117 of the total malaria cases(98.0%) were reported from 2006-2011. The epidemic season was from June to October, with the peak occurring yearly from July to September. The most common occupation of the infected patients was farmer. In total, 58.1% of the cases occurred in 3 townships, namely, Fugang, Huanggang and Caozhuang. Conclusions: In Shanxian county, the local malaria incidence experienced an emerge-peak-control-eliminate status. However, due to the numbers of migrant labourers returning from Africa, imported cases were continuous and presented an increasing annual trend, which became a non-negligible and a significant impediment for malaria elimination. Therefore, the need to eliminate instances of malaria reintroduction to receptive malaria-free areas should drive strategies to align with the epidemiological changes.     

Assessment of Antibody Responses in Local and Immigrant Residents of Areas with Autochthonous Malaria Transmission in Greece

Greece has been officially malaria free since 1974. However, from 2009 to 2012, several locally acquired, cases of Plasmodium vivax malaria were detected, in immigrants and in Greek citizens. In this study, the antibody (Ab) response of Greeks and immigrants with documented malaria was initially assessed, followed by an Ab screening of Greeks and immigrant residents of local transmission areas. Of the 38 patients tested, 10.5% of Greeks and 15.7% of immigrants were positive 5–7 months after infection. Of the 1,019 individuals from various areas of Greece, including those of autochthonous transmission, 85 of the 721 (11.8%) immigrants were positive, whereas all 298 Greeks were negative. The rapid Ab titer decline observed is reasonable, given the non-endemic epidemiological setting. The seroepidemiological findings indicate that the local Greek population remains malaria naive and that at this point Greeks are unlikely to serve as reservoir for the infection of local mosquitoes.     

2005-2014年江苏省疟疾疫情分析

目的 目的 分析2005-2014年江苏省疟疾疫情及流行特征, 为制订和调整全省疟疾消除策略和措施提供依据。方 方 法 法 收集2005-2014年江苏省疟疾疫情数据资料, 对疟疾发病情况、 感染来源以及病例的时间、 地区和人群分布进行分 析。结果 结果 2005-2014年, 江苏省共报告疟疾病例5 069例, 其中间日疟3 422例 （67.51%）、 恶性疟1 497例 （29.53%）、 未 分型150例 （2.96%）; 本地感染疟疾病例2 139例 （42.20%）、 国内输入病例1 131例 （22.31%）、 境外输入病例1 799例 （35.49%）; 男性病例3 809例, 女性1 260例, 男女性别比为3.02 ∶1。病例年龄以25～60岁为主, 占67.15%; 职业以农民和 民工为主, 分别占40.26%和23.63%。60.58%的病例分布于徐州、 宿迁、 淮安、 苏州市和南通市。2005-2009年病例以间 日疟为主, 自2010年起以恶性疟为主, 且主要为境外输入性感染, 从2012年起无本地感染病例。结论 结论 江苏省本地感染 疟疾疫情已得到有效控制, 初步实现消除疟疾目标。但境外输入性疟疾病例仍较多, 且感染呈多样性, 是目前的防控重 点。     

2012-2014年云南省边境地区输入性疟疾病例流行特征分析

目的 目的 分析2012-2014年云南省边境地区20个县输入性疟疾疫情特征, 为云南省消除疟疾策略的调整提供依 据。方法 方法 收集2012-2014年云南省边境地区20个县的疟疾疫情资料, 采用Microsoft Excel 2010软件对数据进行整理 分析。结果 结果 2012-2014年云南省边境地区20个县共报告疟疾病例1 558例, 其中输入性疟疾病例占85.75% （1 336/ 1 558）, 本地感染病例占14.25% （222/1 558）。2012、 2013年和2014年输入病例分别占当年报告病例总数的80.00% （544/ 680）、 89.10% （425/477） 和91.52% （367/401）。报告的1 336例输入性疟疾病例以间日疟为主, 共1 045例, 占78.22%; 恶性 疟284例, 占21.26%; 三日疟3例、 混合感染3例、 未分型1例; 报告死亡病例2例。感染来源地以缅甸为主 （1 277例）, 占 输入性病例总数的95.58%。发病人群主要为出国务工的20～40岁男性青壮年 （802例, 占60.03%）, 以4-6月发病最多 （679例, 占50.82%）。输入性病例主要分布在腾冲 （459例）、 瑞丽 （366例）、 盈江 （191例） 和芒市 （78例）。结论 结论 云南省 边境地区输入性疟疾疫情较为严重, 因此, 在消除疟疾及消除后阶段, 需建立并维持良好的监测体系, 确保能及时快速地 对输入性疟疾疫情进行响应。     

Risk Assessment of Malaria Prevalence in Ludian,Yongshan, and Jinggu Counties,Yunnan Province,after 2014 Earthquake Disaster

The objective of this study was to investigate malaria prevalence after the 2014 earthquakes in Ludian, Yongshan, and Jinggu counties, Yunnan Province, China. We collected and analyzed epidemiological data and made a risk assessment of transmission probability. From January 2005 to July 2015, 87 malaria cases were reported in the three counties, most of which (81.6%) occurred between 2005 and 2009, with five cases reported in Jinggu County between January 2014 and July 2015, of which one case was reported after the earthquake. In addition, no local transmission occurred in the three counties from 2010, and 95.5% of imported malaria occurred in patients who had returned from Myanmar. The townships of Lehong, Qingsheng, and Weiyuan were the main endemic areas in the three counties. The probability of malaria transmission in the three counties was low, but Jinggu County had a higher risk due to the existence of infected patients and an appropriate vector. With sporadic cases reported annually, close monitoring should continue to enhance early detection of a possible malaria outbreak.     

1980 - 2012 年韶关市疟疾流行病学特征分析

目的总结分析广东省韶关市1980—2012年疟疾流行特点,为韶关市2014年消除疟疾提供参考依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对韶关市1980—2012年疟疾防治总结和中国疾病预防控制中心疾病监测信息报告管理系统的疟疾疫情报告进行分析。结果1980—2012年韶关市累计共报告疟疾病例3094例,其中,间日疟3041例,输人性恶性疟4例,未分型49例;年平均报告疟疾病例94例,年平均疟疾发病率2．78／10万。其中1982年报告疟疾发病最多为651例,年发病率最高为14．13／10万;2006—2011年仅2008年报告1例疟疾病例,其余5年均没有病例报告。1980—2012年,5—11月份报告疟疾病例2625例,占总病例数的84．84％（2625／3094）。男女性别比为4．34：1。在报告疟疾病例3094例中,发病年龄主集中在20～45岁年龄组,共报告疟疾病例2486例,占总病例数的80．34％。1980—2012年,全市共血检475337人次,检出疟原虫阳性2127例次,平均阳性率为0．45％。1980—1994年,居民原虫率调查,共血检31139人次,检出阳性474例次,阳性率1．52％。结论韶关市1980—2012年疟疾发病逐年下降,20～45岁年龄组是疟疾的好发年龄组;近几年疟疾病例均为输入性病例,疫情平稳。